Comparative metabolomics provides novel insights into the basis of petiole color differences in celery (Apiumgraveolens L.) / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Plant metabolites are important for plant development and human health. Plants of celery (Apiumgraveolens L.) with different-colored petioles have been formed in the course of long-term evolution. However, the composition, content distribution, and mechanisms of accumulation of metabolites in different-colored petioles remain elusive. Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), 1159 metabolites, including 100 lipids, 72 organic acids and derivatives, 83 phenylpropanoids and polyketides, and several alkaloids and terpenoids, were quantified in four celery cultivars, each with a different petiole color. There were significant differences in the types and contents of metabolites in celery with different-colored petioles, with the most striking difference between green celery and purple celery, followed by white celery and green celery. Annotated analysis of metabolic pathways showed that the metabolites of the different-colored petioles were significantly enriched in biosynthetic pathways such as anthocyanin, flavonoid, and chlorophyll pathways, suggesting that these metabolic pathways may play a key role in determining petiole color in celery. The content of chlorophyll in green celery was significantly higher than that in other celery cultivars, yellow celery was rich in carotenoids, and the content of anthocyanin in purple celery was significantly higher than that in the other celery cultivars. The color of the celery petioles was significantly correlated with the content of related metabolites. Among the four celery cultivars, the metabolites of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were enriched in purple celery. The results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) suggested that the differential expression of the chalcone synthase (CHS) gene in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway might affect the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in celery. In addition, HPLC analysis revealed that cyanidin is the main pigment in purple celery. This study explored the differences in the types and contents of metabolites in celery cultivars with different-colored petioles and identified key substances for color formation. The results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for genetic improvement of celery petiole color.

Caracterización de flavonoides en el extracto alcohólico de hojas de Apium graveolens var. Rapaceum, DC / Characterization of flavonoids in alcohol extract of leaves of Apium graveolens var. Rapaceum DC

Objetivo. Caracterizar flavonoides presentes en el extracto y subextracto metanólico de las hojas de Apium graveolens var. Rapaceum, DC. "Apio-nabo". Materiales y métodos. Se elaboró un extracto y subextracto metanólico de las hojas Apium graveolens var. Rapaceum, DC. "Apio-nabo". Se determinó la solubilidad del extracto metanólico en solventes de polaridad creciente. Se detectaron los componentes químicos del extracto y subextracto metanólico mediante un tamizaje fitoquímico empleando gelatina, tricloruro férrico, reactivo de Shinoda, reactivo de Dragendorff y reactivo de Ninhidrina, entre otros. Se ejecutó cromatografía en capa fina y mediante espectroscopia UV/Vis se propuso estructuras químicas para los metabolitos tipo flavonoides presentes en el extracto y subextracto metanólico de hojas de Apium graveolens var. Rapaceum, DC. "Apio-nabo". Resultados. El extracto metanólico de hojas de Apium graveolens var. Rapaceum, DC fue soluble en solventes polares. Los metabolitos secundarios encontrados son compuestos fenólicos tipo flavonoides, taninos y alcaloides en el extracto y subextracto metanólico. Se propuso tres estructuras químicas de flavonoides a través del análisis de los espectros UV/Vis, y mediante comparación con lo publicado por TJ Mabry y Olga Lock. Conclusión. Se caracterizó la posible estructura química de tres metabolitos secundarios tipo flavona encontrados en el subextracto metanólico de hojas de Apium graveolens var. Rapaceum, DC.

Objective. To characterize flavonoids present in the methanol extract and subextract of the leaves of Apium graveolens var. Rapaceum, DC. "Celery-turnip". Materials and methods. An methanolic extract and subextract of Apium graveolens var. Rapaceum, DC. "Celery-turnip" was prepared. The solubility of the methanolic extract in solvents of increasing polarity was determined. The chemical components of the methanolic extract and subextract were detected by means of a phytochemical screening using gelatin, ferric trichloride, Shinoda reagent, Dragendorff reagent and Ninhydrin reagent, among others. Thin layer chromatography was carried out and by means of UV / Vis spectroscopy chemical structures were proposed for the flavonoid metabolites present in the methanolic extract and subextract of Apium graveolens var. Rapaceum, DC. "Celery-turnip". Results. It was determined that the methanolic extract of the leaves of Apium graveolens var. Rapaceum, DC. is soluble in polar solvents. The metabolites, the phenolic compounds, the flavonoids, the tannins and the alkaloids in the extract and methanol subextract. Flavonoid chemical structures are proposed through the analysis of the UV / Vis spectra, and it has been published with TJ Mabry and Olga Lock. Conclusion. The possible chemical structure of three secondary flavone metabolites found in methanolic subextract of leaves of Apium graveolens var. Rapaceum, DC.

Five Cases of Phytophotodermatitis Caused by Fig Leaves and Relevant Literature Review

Phytophotodermatitis is a condition caused by sequential exposure to photosensitizing substances present in plants followed by ultraviolet light. Several plants (e.g., limes, celery, fig, and wild parsnip) contain furocoumarin compounds (psoralens). It is important for dermatologists to be aware of phytophotodermatitis because it may be misdiagnosed as cellulitis, tinea, or allergic contact dermatitis. We present five patients with a sharply defined erythematous swollen patch with bullae on both feet. They described soaking their feet in a fig leaves decoction to treat their underlying dermatologic diseases. Within 24 hours, all patients had a burning sensation in their feet, and erythema and edema had developed on the feet dorsa with exception of the portion of the skin covered by the sandals. Histopathologic examinations revealed sub-epithelial blisters with intensive epidermal necrosis. Phytophotodermatitis was ultimately diagnosed and, after several days, the patients' skin lesions began to recover upon treatment with systemic and topical corticosteroids. Unfortunately, since there are no studies providing sufficient evidence on the benefits of fig leaves, they should be used with caution.

Five Cases of Phytophotodermatitis Caused by Fig Leaves and Relevant Literature Review

Phytophotodermatitis is a condition caused by sequential exposure to photosensitizing substances present in plants followed by ultraviolet light. Several plants (e.g., limes, celery, fig, and wild parsnip) contain furocoumarin compounds (psoralens). It is important for dermatologists to be aware of phytophotodermatitis because it may be misdiagnosed as cellulitis, tinea, or allergic contact dermatitis. We present five patients with a sharply defined erythematous swollen patch with bullae on both feet. They described soaking their feet in a fig leaves decoction to treat their underlying dermatologic diseases. Within 24 hours, all patients had a burning sensation in their feet, and erythema and edema had developed on the feet dorsa with exception of the portion of the skin covered by the sandals. Histopathologic examinations revealed sub-epithelial blisters with intensive epidermal necrosis. Phytophotodermatitis was ultimately diagnosed and, after several days, the patients' skin lesions began to recover upon treatment with systemic and topical corticosteroids. Unfortunately, since there are no studies providing sufficient evidence on the benefits of fig leaves, they should be used with caution.

Mimotopes for Api g 5, a Relevant Cross-reactive Allergen, in the Celery-Mugwort-Birch-Spice Syndrome

PURPOSE: In the celery-mugwort-birch-spice syndrome, a significant proportion of IgE is directed against high molecular weight (HMW) glycoproteins, including the celery allergen Api g 5. BIP3, a monoclonal antibody originally raised against birch pollen, recognizes HMW allergens in birch and mugwort pollens, celery, and Apiaceae spices. Our aim was to generate mimotopes using BIP3 for immunization against the HMW allergens relevant in the celery-mugwort-birch-spice cross reactivity syndrome. METHODS: Mimotopes were selected from a random-peptide display library by BIP3 and applied in IgE inhibition assays. The 3 phage clones with the highest inhibitory capacity were chosen for immunization of BALB/c mice. Mouse immune sera were tested for IgG binding to blotted birch pollen extract and used for inhibiting patients' IgE binding. Furthermore, sera were tested for binding to Api g 5, to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a second glycoprotein, or to non-glycosylated control allergen Phl p 5 in ELISA, and the specific Api g 5-specific IgG titers were determined. RESULTS: Three rounds of biopanning resulted in phage clones exhibiting 7 different sequences including 1 dominant, 1-6-cyclo-CHKLRCDKAIA. Three phage clones had the capacity to inhibit human IgE binding and induced IgG to the HMW antigen when used for immunizing BALB/c mice. The induced BIP3-mimotope IgG reached titers of 1:500 specifically to Api g 5, but hardly reacted to glycoprotein HRP, revealing a minor role of carbohydrates in their epitope. CONCLUSIONS: The mimotopes characterized in this study mimic the epitope of BIP3 relevant for Api g 5, one of the cross-reactive HMW allergens relevant in the celery-mugwort-birch-spice syndrome. BIP3 mimotopes may be used in the future for hyposensitization in this clinical syndrome by virtue of good and specific immunogenicity.

Role of Apigenin in Cancer Prevention via the Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy

Apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid commonly found in many fruits and vegetables such as parsley, chamomile, celery, and kumquats. In the last few decades, recognition of apigenin as a cancer chemopreventive agent has increased. Significant progress has been made in studying the chemopreventive aspects of apigenin both in vitro and in vivo. Several studies have demonstrated that the anticarcinogenic properties of apigenin occur through regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress and DNA damage, suppression of inflammation and angiogenesis, retardation of cell proliferation, and induction of autophagy and apoptosis. One of the most well-recognized mechanisms of apigenin is the capability to promote cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis through the p53-related pathway. A further role of apigenin in chemoprevention is the induction of autophagy in several human cancer cell lines. In this review, we discuss the details of apigenin, apoptosis, autophagy, and the role of apigenin in cancer chemoprevention via the induction of apoptosis and autophagy.

Oral allergy syndrome associated with weed pollinosis

Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) is caused by cross-reactivity between certain pollens and plant foods, including vegetables, nuts, or fruits. Here, we experienced 2 cases of OAS patients associated with mugwort pollinosis without sensitization to Fagales. A 54-year-old female repeatedly experienced skin rashes, perioral edema, nasal obstruction after eating fresh vegetables (celery, lettuce, chicory, radish sprouts, ginseng, etc.). She had suffered from allergic rhinitis worsening in autumn for 5 years. Specific IgE (sIgE) titers to ragweed and mugwort were elevated to 54.1 and 24.9 kU/L, respectively. With regard to the allergen component of pollens, sIgE to Art v 1 (mugwort) and Amb a 1 (ragweed) were elevated to 21.9 and 36.1 kU/L, respectively. Birch sIgE (including Bet v 1 and Bet v 2) was not detected. A 35-year-old male suffered from abdominal pain, skin rashes after eating mango and kiwi. In addition, systemic allergic reaction developed after consumption of tomato and ginseng. He had chronic rhinitis. The sIgE levels to ragweed, mugwort, and tomato were elevated to 0.55, 6.39, and 0.78 kU/L, respectively. The sIgE test results were all negative for Amb a 1, Bet v 1, and Bet v 2 sIgE. Specific IgE levels to Art v 1, Art v 2 sIgE were 3.51 and 4.46 kU/L, respectively. Based on the history and sIgE test results, 2 cases OAS were related to mugwort. We experienced 2 cases of weed pollinosis related to OAS. Culprit foods of OAS can vary depending on their cuisine cultures.

Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis in Korean children: a single-center retrospective case study

PURPOSE: Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is a specific clinical syndrome requiring both ingestion of an allergenic food and exercise to induce anaphylaxis. It may be underdiagnosed due to insufficient history taking in terms of the causes of anaphylaxis. This study aims to describe clinical characteristics and diagnostic results of FDEIA in children. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients under 18 years old who were diagnosed with FDEIA at Asan Medical Center between January 2003 and August 2014. RESULTS: Of the 170 children with anaphylaxis, 11 (6.5%) had FDEIA. The mean age at the onset of symptoms was 14.8+/-1.5 years. The causative foods were: wheat (n=4), meat (n=1), mung beans (n=1), rice (n=1), celery (n=1), cabbage (n=1), fish (n=1), and soy (n=1). The numbers of symptom development were: 7 (n=1), 6 (n=1), 3 (n=4), 2 (n=2), and 1 (n=3). The geometric mean (range of 1 standard deviation) of total serum IgE levels was 131.6 kU/L (53.5-324.2 kU/L). The skin prick test and immununoCAP were positive for causative foods in 3 of 6 patients (50.0%) and 7 of 10 patients (70.0%), respectively. The provocation test was performed in 8 of 11 patients and showed positive results except 1 patient. The interval between exercise and symptoms was 21.6+/-7.3 minutes. CONCLUSION: It is important to suspect FDEIA and take a detailed history in children with anaphylaxis. Provocation test should be considered to confirm the diagnosis. Further studies on disease course and long-term prognosis are warranted.

Efecto protector y regenerativo del extracto puro del apio (Apium graveolens) en ratas (Rattus Novergicus) con daño hepático inducido por tetracloruro de carbono. Arequipa 2014 / Protective and regenerative effect of the pure extract of celery (Apium graveolens) in rats (Rattus Novergicus) with liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride. Arequipa 2014

Se estudió el efecto protector y regenerativo del apio (Apium Graveolens) en ratas con daño hepático inducido por tetracloruro de carbono. Para el presente estudio se utilizó un total de 42 ratas machos Rattus norvegicus de tres meses de edad, las cuales fueron distribuidas en ocho grupos de 5 ratas cada uno: grupo protector I y II, a los cuales se le administró 1.5 y 2.0 ml de extracto puro de apio por día respectivamente antes de inducir al daño hepático con tetracloruro de carbono, así mismo se contó con un grupo regenerativo I y II al que se le suministro 1.5 ml y 2.0 ml de extracto puro de apio después de producir el daño hepático. También se contó con dos grupos blanco que recibió como placebo 2.0 ml de agua destilada y finalmente un grupo control al que se le administro 0.5 ml de tetracloruro de carbono. A lo largo del estudio se obtuvieron las tres determinaciones de transaminasas de TGO, TGP, GGT basales. Se utilizó el método calorimétrico según Reitman y Frankel para la determinación de las transaminasas glutámica oxalacética (TGO) y transaminasas glutámica pirúvica (TGP) en suero y el método cinético Wierner, para la determinación de Gamma glutamiltranspeptidasa en suero. Por los resultados obtenidos el tratamiento con mayor efectividad fue el administrado al grupo preventivo de 2.0 ml de extracto puro de apio ya que inducido el daño hepático este grupo presento una reducción altamente significativa en sus niveles de GGT de 35 a 19 U/ml a los cinco días de tratamiento. Y presento una ligera reducción no significativa de 35 a 16 U/ml al tercer día de tratamiento. Los resultados de la observación histopatológica, mostraron que cuando el apio se administró previo al daño producido por el tetracloruro de carbono existe una disminución del desarrollo de necrosis celular de los hepatocitos y también se observa a las células de kupffer normales.

Antioxidant activities and nutritional characteristics of smoked duck marinated in natural curing agent / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: This study investigated the question of whether the addition of natural ingredients (pear fermented solution, celery powder, vitamin C) in curing agents may influence antioxidant activities and nutritional characteristics of smoked duck. METHODS: Smoked duck samples with general or natural curing agent containing three additive ingredients were examined to determine total polyphenol contents, antioxidant activities, pH, TBARS, and food additives residue (nitrite ion, antioxidant, sodium glutamate). RESULTS: Smoked duck with natural curing agent showed a higher level of total polyphenol content and antioxidant activities than smoked duck using general curing agent (p < 0.05). The pH and TBARS of smoked duck were significantly decreased by the addition of natural curing ingredients compared to those of smoked duck using general curing agent (p < 0.05). The residues of food additives were not detected in smoked duck using natural curing agent. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that the addition of pear fermented solution, celery powder, and vitamin C in natural duck curing agent may improve the antioxidant activities and nutritional characteristics of smoked duck and provides health benefits.

Luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses through modulation of NF-kappaB/AP-1/PI3K-Akt signaling cascades in RAW 264.7 cells

Luteolin is a flavonoid found in abundance in celery, green pepper, and dandelions. Previous studies have shown that luteolin is an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agent. In this study, the anti-inflammatory capacity of luteolin and one of its glycosidic forms, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, were compared and their molecular mechanisms of action were analyzed. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells, luteolin more potently inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 as well as the expression of their corresponding enzymes (inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) than luteolin-7-O-glucoside. The molecular mechanisms underlying these effects were investigated to determine whether the inflammatory response was related to the transcription factors, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and activator protein (AP)-1, or their upstream signaling molecules, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Luteolin attenuated the activation of both transcription factors, NF-kappaB and AP-1, while luteolin-7-O-glucoside only impeded NF-kappaB activation. However, both flavonoids inhibited Akt phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Consequently, luteolin more potently ameliorated LPS-induced inflammation than luteolin-7-O-glucoside, which might be attributed to the differentially activated NF-kappaB/AP-1/PI3K-Akt pathway in RAW 264.7 cells.

Protection against neurotoxicity by an autophagic mechanism

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) on a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced cellular model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and to illustrate the potential mechanism of autophagy in this process. For this purpose, rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells were treated with MPP+ (1 mM) for 24 h following pretreatment with NBP (0.1 mM). Cell metabolic viability was determined by the MTT assay and cell ultrastructure was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The intracellular distribution and expression of α-synuclein and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) were detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. Our results demonstrated that: 1) NBP prevented MPP+-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells by promoting metabolic viability. 2) NBP induced the accumulation of autophagosomes in MPP+-treated PC12 cells. 3) Further study of the molecular mechanism demonstrated that NBP enhanced the colocalization of α-synuclein and LC3 and up-regulated the protein level of LC3-II. These results demonstrate that NBP protects PC12 cells against MPP+-induced neurotoxicity by activating autophagy-mediated α-synuclein degradation, implying that it may be a potential effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of PD.

Dinámica de impregnación al vacío en apio (Apium graveolens L) y pepino (Cucumis sativus L) / Vacuum impregnation dynamic on celery (Apium graveolens L) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L)

Objetivo. Evaluar la respuesta a la impregnación al vacio (IV) en apio y pepino, con soluciones isotónicas de NaCl. Materiales y métodos. Se determinaron variables de impregnación en troncos de apio y rodajas de pepino (3 posiciones diferentes a lo largo de su estructura), considerando, fracción y deformación volumétrica en la etapa de vacío (X1 y g1) y atmosférica (X y g), y la porosidad disponible (Ee) al proceso IV. Resultados. El apio y pepino no presentaron diferencias estadísticas por efecto de la posición. En las etapas de proceso se obtuvieron para el apio y el pepino valores de X1 (-14.32 ± 2.75 y -5.51±1.76%, g1 (-0.587±0.69 y -0.079±0.99%), X(13.49±2.32 y 6.72±2.72%), g (-1.40±1.042% y -2.33±1.26%) y Ee (15.73±2.31 y 9.35±2.57%), respectivamente. Estos resultados indicaron una salida de líquido nativo (X1<0) y una ligera contracción volumétrica de las estructuras (g y g1<0), lo cual se evidenció microestructuralmente. Conclusiones. La respuesta a la IV en apio y pepino, permite identificar estas matrices alimentarias, como aptas para la incorporación de componentes que le proporcionen un valor agregado a estos productos.

Evaluación de la acción hemolítica del apium graveolens en presencia de la luz ultravioleta / Evaluation of the hemolytic action of the Apium Graveolens in the presence of ultraviolet light

La prueba de fotohemólisis es un método alternativo propuesto para evaluar el potencial fototóxico de diversos productos que dañan la membrana del eritrocito bajo la acción de la luz ultravioletavisible. En el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto fotoirritante del Apium graveolens como prueba de estimación de riesgo, para lo cual se procedió según el protocolo 81 de las técnicas in vitro en toxicología; se emplearon eritrocitos humanos de los diferentes grupos sanguíneos y, además, se determinaron los metabolitos secundarios principales del extracto vegetal, responsables de losefectos observados. Mediante el tamizaje fitoquímico se comprobó la presencia de determinados metabolitos en diferentes proporciones, que pudieran determinar las diferencias en relación con el efecto hemolítico y fotohemolítico. Por otro lado, los valores de densidad óptica y el factor hemolítico obtenidos fueron inferiores al rango de clasificación, lo que nos permite concluir que el extracto de la planta de estudio no es fotoirritante

Photohemolysis test is an alternative method which was proposed to evaluate the phototoxicpotential of several products that damage the erythrocyte under the action of visible ultraviolet light.The photoirritant effect of Apium Graveolens was evaluated in this study as a risk assessment testing, following the 81 protocol of the in vitro techniques in toxicology. Human erythrocytes fromdifferent blood groups were used and also main secondary metabolites of the vegetable extractwere determined. These metabolites caused the effects we could check. By means ofphytochemical sifting the presence of certain metabolites on different rates that could determine thedifferences in relation to the hemolytic and photohemolytic effect was check. On the other hand theoptical density values and the hemolytic factor obtained were lower than the classification rank.Then we got to the conclusion that the extract of this plant it is not photoirritant.

Luteolin Induces the Differentiation of Osteoblasts

Luteolin is a flavonoid that exists in a glycosylated form in celery and green pepper. Flavonoids possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and can reduce the expression of key inflammatory molecules in macrophages and monocytes. It has been reported also that some flavonoids have effects on bone metabolism. The effects of luteolin on the function of osteoblasts were investigated by measuring cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, type I collagen production, osteoprotegerin secretion, Wnt promoter activity, BMP-2 and Runx2 expression and calcified nodule formation. Luteolin has no effects upon osteoblast viability but induced an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, type I collagen production and a decrease in osteoprotegerin secretion in these cells. Luteolin treatment also upregulated BMP-2 mRNA expression. These results suggest that luteolin may be a regulatory molecule that facilitates the differentiation of osteoblasts.

Effect of some plants as functional food supplement on kidney function and structure in experimentally hyperuricemic rats

Hyperuricemia is associated with renal insufficiency and commonly used as a useful early biomarker for chronic kidney diseases. Celery leaves contain a valuable volatile oil and an organic substance called apiol. Celery leaves, chicory and barley are known to have beneficed effect for humans in health and disease. This work was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary fiber supplementation with celery, chicory and barley, alone and in combination, on body weight, food efficiency radio, kidney function and renal histology in experimentally hyperuricemic rats. The experiment was performed using 4 groups of Sprague Dawley rats fed on basal diet supplemented with potassium oxonate [uricase inhibitor] at 2% for 6 weeks to induce experimental hyperuricemia and one group was fed on basal diet only and used as a negative control group. Four experimental diets were prepared by adding the dry powder of celery seeds, chicory leaves or barley grains at 10% or mixture of three plants at 15% [5% from each] to basal diet. The feeding period was 4 weeks. Biochemical analysis of blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and creatinine concentrations in the serum as well as histopathological examination of kidney were performed. Results showed that feeding of celery, chicory and barley mixture at 15% to hyperuricemic rats for 4 weeks increased body weight and improved feed efficiency. It decreased the elevated serum urea nitrogen, uric acid and creatinine concentrations. It also produced an excellent effect on renal histology as it ameliorated the renal damage caused by elevated serum uric acid. The study suggests that dietary intake of plant mixture of celery, chicory and barley at 15% concentration for 4 weeks may be beneficial to patients suffering from hyperuricemia and kidney disease because it improves the function and structure of kidney in hyperuricemic rats

Protective effect of celery oil, vitamin E and their combination against testicular toxicity induced by sodium valporate in male rats

The protective effect of celery oil, vitamin E and their combination against testicular toxicity induced by sodium valporate in male rats was studied. Forty nine mature male rats were distributed into 7 equal groups. The 1[st] group was kept as a negative control, while rats of the 2[nd] group were given orally sodium valporate [SVP] in a dose of 500 mg/kg b.wt./day for the last 7 days of the experimental period and used as a positive control. The other protected five groups were pretreated by oral administration of celery oil at two doses [100 and 200 mg/kg b.wt./day] and vitamin E [200 mg/kg b.wt. /day], alone and in combination, for 28 days and received SVP as in the 2[nd] group. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed and sexual organs were removed and weighed. Semen analysis, determination of serum testosterone level and histopathology of the testes were carried out. Compared to the positive control, the pretreatment by celery oil, vitamin E and their combination for 4 weeks increased the weight of sexual organs, sperm motility, count and viability and serum testosterone level and alleviated histopathological lesions. In conclusion, the pretreatment by celery oil, vitamin E and their combination produced a relative protective effect against reproductive toxicity-induced by SVP in rats. This study recommends that intake of celery oil and vitamin E may be beneficial for patients who suffer from infertility

Chemical constituents of fresh celery / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of the whole plant of fresh celery (Apium graveolens).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography, PTLC, HPLC, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidences.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Twenty compounds were obtained and identified as falcariondiol (1), (9Z) 1,9-heptadecadiene-4,6-diyne-3,8,11-triol (2), oplopandiol (3), bergapten (4), 5,8-dimethoxy psoralen (5), isofraxidin (6), eugenic acid (7), trans-ferulic acid (8), trans-cinnamic acid (9), p-hydroxyphenylethanol ferulate (10), caffeoylquinic acid (11), 5-p-trans-coumaroylquinic acid (12), sedanolide (13), lunularin (14), lunularic acid (15), 2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenol)-propane-1,3-diol (16), D-allitol (17), beta-sitosterol (18), benzolic acid (19), succinic acid (20).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 2, 3, 6, 10, 12, 14-17 were isolated from genus Apium for the first time.</p>

In vitro Activity of Celery Essential Oil against Malassezia furfur

Antifungal activity of celery essential oil against Malassezia furfur was investigated using broth microdilution and vapor contact methods. Potent antifungal activity was evident using both methods. Fungicidal activity was revealed in the vapor contact method.

[Effects of volatile oil extracts of Anethum graveolens L. and Apium graveolens L. seeds on activity of liver enzymes in rat]

Various products from celery [Apium graveolens] and dill [Anethum graveolens] were used to relieve some of liver dysfunctions in Iranian traditional medicine, yet the potential effects of these two medicinal plants on liver function have not been investigated. To investigate the effects of volatile oil of these plant seeds on some hepatic enzymes including SGPT, SCOT and ALP in rats and also to identify the active components of volatile oils of these plants by GC/MS. Following the preparation of volatile oils, rats were intraperitoneally injected by 500 and 1000 micro l/kg of oils and the enzyme activity was measured at 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 hr post-injection. GC/MS analysis showed that the D-carvon and D-limonen are the major active components in volatile oil of dill and D-limonen and myrcen of celery. Serum activity of SGPT 24h post-injection of dill essence [500 micro l/kg], celery essence [500 micro l/kg], dill essence [1000 micro1/kg]and celery essence [1000 microl/kg] decreased by 12.85, 11.6, 13.7 and 12.6%, respectively. In the same way, the SGOT activity, under the similar conditions, decreased by 8.7, 10.5, 11.6 and 12.9%, respectively. Activity of SGPT, SGOT and ALP 168 hr post-injection of celery essence at dose of 1000 micro 1/kg, decreased by 21.2, 18.4 and 13.5%, respectively. Injections of dill and celery hydroalcoholic extracts at both doses caused lower enzyme activities. Active ingredients of dill and celery may act as an antioxidant or to decrease the production of free radicals, causing stabilization of hepatocyte membrane and decreasing the release of enzymes into the blood