ABSTRACT
Polo-box domain 1 (PBD1) is a characteristic domain of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), which locates in C-terminal and can influence the catalytic activity and specific subcellular locations of PLK1. At present, most PLK1 inhibitors are developed to occupy the ATP pocket or its close sites. However, this kind of PLK1 inhibitors is difficult to pursue target selectivity and may encounter cross drug resistance with other kinase inhibitors due to the conserved sequence of ATP pocket. Recently, PBD1, with aberrant specificity in sequence and structure, has attracted enormous interests as the alternative target to the discovery of corresponding inhibitors for anti-tumor drugs. The structure and function of PBD1 as well as the advances of its inhibitors are reviewed in this paper.
Subject(s)
Humans , Benzocycloheptenes , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Benzoquinones , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Cell Cycle Proteins , Chemistry , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Indole Alkaloids , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Lactams , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Peptides, Cyclic , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Phosphopeptides , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases , Chemistry , Proto-Oncogene Proteins , ChemistryABSTRACT
This study is to investigate the effect of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid receptor (GHBR) on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its mechanism. NCS-356 (the agonist of GHBR) and NCS-382 (the antagonist of GHBR) were adopted as the tool medicine. The ripe male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 240 - 280 g were randomly divided into seven groups: sham operation group (sham), ischemia-reperfusion group (Isc/R), NCS-356 160 microg x kg(-1) group (N1), NCS-356 320 microg x kg(-1) group (N2), NCS-356 640 microg x kg(-1) group (N3), NCS-382 640 microg x kg(-1) + NCS-356 640 microg x kg(-1) group (NCS-382 + N3), and nimodipine (Nim) 600 microg x kg(-1) group. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model referring to Longa's method with modifications was adopted. The effect of GHBR on behavioral consequence of MCAO rats was studied after 2 h of ischemia-reperfusion. After 24 h of ischemia-reperfusion, part of animals were used to measure the cerebral infarction volume by TTC staining; ischemic cortex of another part of animals were used to measure the content of intracellular free calcium by flow cytometry, the tNOS, iNOS activity and the content of NO by spectrophotometric method, the content of cGMP by radioimmunoassay. The neurological function score and infarction volume rate in Isc/R group rats increased significantly than that in sham group; The content of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]) of cortex neuron and cGMP, the activities of tNOS and iNOS, and the content of NO in Isc/R group were higher than that in sham group obviously (P < 0.01); These consequence we mentioned of N1, N2, N3 and Nim group were lower than that of Isc/R. NCS-382 + N3 group could significantly antagonize the above effect of N3. Thus, NCS-356 has protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion brain injury by activating GHBR. The neuroprotective effect of GHBR is related with decreasing the content of [Ca2+]i, NO, cGMP and tNOS, iNOS activity in MCAO rats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Benzocycloheptenes , Pharmacology , Calcium , Metabolism , Cerebral Cortex , Metabolism , Cerebral Infarction , Pathology , Cyclic GMP , Metabolism , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery , Neuroprotective Agents , Pharmacology , Nitric Oxide , Metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase , Metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II , Metabolism , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, Cell Surface , Metabolism , Reperfusion Injury , Metabolism , PathologyABSTRACT
El descubrimiento de Cromoglicato Disódico representa un importante progreso en el tratamiento del asma. Sin embargo, debido a su pobre solubilidad e incapacidad para ser absorbido del tracto gastrointestinal, la forma galénica de este medicamento es una de sus mayores desventajas relativas en la práctica clínica. Esto ha estimulado los estudios para encontrar agentes terapéuticos que sean activos y bien tolerados por vía oral. Un agente es el Ketotifeno (HC-20-511), el cual está químicamente relacionado al grupo de sustancias del tipo cicloheptathiopheno. Este producto ha mostrado varias propiedades farmacológicas en enfermedades alérgicas. Ha demostrado muy bajo nivel de toxicidad y una rápida y completa absorción a través del tubo digestivo. Nosotros reportamos la eficacia clínica y la tolerancia del Ketotifeno en un grupo de pacientes con asma bronquial de leve a moderada. El análisis estadístico de la información muestra que el uso del Ketotifeno ayuda a controlar los síntomas del asma y es una droga prometedora en el tratamiento profiláctico del asma
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Asthma , Benzocycloheptenes , Bronchial Spasm/prevention & control , Anti-Asthmatic Agents , Costa RicaABSTRACT
Aspergilli are increasingly important infections in immunocompromised patients (ICP). The available antifungals often cause discrepancies in laboratory determination of MICs and a correlation in therapy. An effort was made to compare in vitro techniques for testing of antifungals, viz. polyenes, imidazoles, 5-fluorocytosine, amorolfine; and screened a phytoproduct- himachalol (a sesquiterpene alcohol) from Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud against A. fumigatus clinical isolates (24) by macrobroth two-fold seal dilution (TFSD), microbroth microtitre (MT) and disc diffusion (DD) techniques using various broth/agar media at varying periods of incubation. The best activity in terms of geometric mean (GM) (GM.MIC < 0.39 microgrmas ml-1) was obtained with SCZ in the broth by both MT or TFSD technique followed by ECZ (GM.MIC 0.39 micrograms ml-1) and ITZ (GM.MIC 0.39-0.8 micrograms ml-1) in RPMI-1640. Overall RPMI-1640 was found to be the most suitable growth medium for testing of azoles or amorolfine, and YNB for polyene and 5-FC. MT technique was the most sensitive quantitative, reproducible, rapid and economical compared to other techniques. The treatment of Swiss mice with himachalol (200 mg kg-1, po) once a day, for 7 days, provided 60% protection concomitantly with increased MST (15 days) against invasive aspergillosis. A combination of himachalol (200 mgkg-1) plus SCZ (5 mgkg-1) showed better regimen in the therapy evidenced by enhanced survival (80%) of mice significantly (p < 0.001) with prolonged MST (> 15 days) compared to control. The treatments also reduced cfu (mean log10) burden of A. fumigatus from kidney.
Subject(s)
Animals , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Aspergillosis/drug therapy , Aspergillus fumigatus/drug effects , Benzocycloheptenes/pharmacology , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Male , Mice , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Sesquiterpenes/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The ionization of benzocyclobutenones, as weak acids, depends on the nature of the solvents used. Correlation between their pKa values and the solvent properties exist, but are mostly nonlinear