Nível de dependência e qualidade de vida da população idosa / Level of dependency and quality of life of elderly / Nivel de dependencia y calidad de vida de los ancianos

A qualidade de vida (QV) nos idosos é determinada em grande parte pelo seu estado funcional e condições de saúde. Com o objectivo de avaliar o nível de QV, os factores que a influenciam e identificar o grau de dependência dos idosos foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal do tipo exploratório-descritivo, englobando 93 idosos. Na recolha de dados utilizouse o índice de Barthel e MOS-SF 36. Na identificação dos níveis de dependência os resultados indicam-nos que 40,0% são independentes e 18,0% são dependentes mínimos, sendo 12,0% dependentes totais. No que diz respeito à QV 88,0% dos sujeitos refere uma pontuação inferior a 50,0%, em média reportam uma QV de 39±10,0%. Verificou-se que existe uma correlação positiva entre o grau de dependência e o índice de QV, sobretudo na componente física. Assim, importa promover um envelhecimento saudável procurando-se privilegiar a preservação da autonomia e capacidade funcional dos idosos.

The quality of life (QoL) in older adults is largely determined by their functional status and health conditions. With the purpose of investigate the QoL and the factors affecting it, and identify the degree of dependency of the elderly was carried out an observational cross-sectional exploratory and descriptive, involving 93 elderly. In collecting data we used the Barthel Index and MOS SF-36. In the identification of levels of dependency results indicate us that 40.0% are independent and 18.0% are dependents, minimum being 12.0% total-dependent. The results show us that, 88.0% of the subjects reported a score below 50.0% on average reported a QoL of 39±10.0%. Checking that are a positive correlation between the degree of dependence and the index of QoL, especially in the physical component. It is therefore important to promote healthy aging in an attempt to favor the preservation of autonomy and functional capacity of the elderly.

La calidad de vida (CV) en los adultos mayores es en gran parte determinado por su estado funcional y las condiciones de salud. Con el fin de evaluar el nivel de CV y los factores que influyen en ella y determinar el grado de dependencia de los ancianos se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional transversal, exploratorio y descriptivo, que involucró a 93 personas mayores. En la recopilación de datos se utilizó el Índice de Barthel y el MOS SF-36. En la identificación de los nivele de dependiencia los resultados nos indican que 40,0% son independientes, 18,0% são dependentes mínimos y 12,0% dependientes totales. En lo que respeicta a la CV, 88,0% de los sujetos reportaron una puntuación inferior a 50,0% en promedio reportó una CV de 39±10,0%. Tomando nota de que existe una correlación positiva entre el grado de dependencia y el índice de calidad de vida, especialmente en el componente físico. Por tanto, es importante promover un envejecimiento saludable, en un intento de favorecer la preservación de la autonomía y la capacidad funcional de los ancianos.

[Extraction and purification of ferritin from liver tissue]

Ferritin with molecular weight of 450 kDa is the most important iron storage protein and is made of 24 subunits consisting of light and heavy chains. Each ferritin molecule is able to store 4500 Fe[3+] molecules. The aim of this study was to determine the preparation of highly pure ferritin for usage in diagnostic and research systems. In this study, ferritin was extracted and purified by homogenizing liver tissue, heating at 75 degrees centigrade, ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration chromatography on sephadex G-200 column. The purify of ferritin was improved by using recycling chromatography. Resulted protein was electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate [SDS-PAGE]. Existence of ferritin was confirmed by ELISA test and potassium ferricyanide staining of gel. Silver nitrate staining of gel was used to confirm the purity of ferritin. Electrophoresis of ferritin under reducing conditions in presence of 2- mercapto ethanol was done to show the subunits [19 and 21 kDa] of ferritin. This purification method resulted in very pure ferritin and the yield was 100 microg/gr of wet liver tissue. Electrophoresis of ferritin under reducing conditions in presence of 2- mercapto ethanol showed the both subunits [19 and 21 kDa] of ferritin. Highly pure ferritin resulted by this method is appropriate for diagnostic and research purpose and the yield is reasonable comparing other studies

study of indium distributions in rat liver, kidney and brain tissues

Indium belonging to group IIIa, which is used in different industries and medical science. Therefore toxicity with this element is predictable. In this study, we to measure the concentration of indium in kidney, liver and brain. Pathological effects of indium to these tissues also have been studied. After determination of LD50, 0.35-mg/Kg indium as InC13 was injected [I.P] daily to rats for 60 days. Concentration of indium in serum and hemogenate of liver, kidney and brain tissues determined by flameless atomic absorption, showed that indium concentration is more in the kidney and liver. Also, microscopic examination of these tissues shows increase damage of these two organs. From forgoing results, we came to conclusion that damages caused by indium on these tissues is probably depend to the indium concentration in its

Detection of some orgranphosphorus compounds in rats putrefied bodies

This study was done due to increased incidence of deaths from pesticides especially organophosphorus insecticides and difficulty to determine the time of persistence of these insecticides in the tissue after death. Forty-eight male albino rats were used and divided into 2 equal groups; parathion and tetraethyl pyrophosphate [TEPP], each one of the two groups was divided into 4 subgroups. Oral LD 50 of these 2 organophosphorus compounds were used. Dissection was done at 1,2,3 and 4 weeks after death. Brain, kidney, liver and stomach were selected for postmortem qualitative and quantitative detection of these insecticides using colour tests, thin-layer chromatography [TLC] and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Color test as a preliminary test was done. Thin-layer chromatography [TLC] for residue detection was used with the following solvent system, acetone: hexane 1:9 and acetone: benzene 1:4 and the spraying reagents used for visualization of the two organophosphorus insecticides are palladous chloride, paranitrophenol and bromophenol blue. RF value of the two organophosphorus compounds was determined. The solvent system acetone hexane 1:4 gave complete separation of parathion and tetraethyl pyrophosphate [TEPP]. RF values were 0.20, 0.76 and 0.52, respectively

Distribución biológica de un extracto neuroactivo obtenido de la anémona Bunodosoma granulífera / Biological distribution of neuroactive extract obtained bunodosoma granulifera anemone

Se estudió la distribución biológica del extracto ácido acético-acetónico de Bunodosoma granulífera. Se analizó la afectación de la biodistribución de los polipéptidos radioiodados en función de la pureza radioquímica, la dosis y el tiempo, previa inyección i.p. en ratones. La detección de radioactividad en el cerebro, a partir de los 5 min de inyectado el animal, permite suponer la posible acción del veneno en el sistema nervioso central.

Efeito da inatividade física sobre parâmetros bioquímicos e grau de ateromatose aórtica em coelhos / Effect of lack of physical activity of rabbits in biochemical data and aortic atheromatosis

Foi realizada uma experiência durante 80 dias, usando 32 coelhas em fase de crescimento. Os animais foram distribuídos em quatro grupos (A, B, C e D) de oito animais cada. Os animais dos grupos A e C permaneceram soltos, sendo que os do grupo A foram alimentados com raçäo basal e os do grupo C com raçäo aterogênica (raçäo basal + 0,5% de colesterol). Os animais dos grupos B e D permaneceram praticamente imobilizados em gaiolas estreitas e foram alimentados, respectivamente, com raçäo basal e raçäo aterogênica. Os resultados obtidos permitem inferir que a inatividade física tem efeito nocivo no processo ateromatoso. De fato, foram observados aumentos (relacionados à quantidade de colesterol ingerido), maiores nos animais engaiolados em relaçäo aos soltos, de lipídios totais no plasma sangüineo e no fígado (significativo); e de colesterol total no fígado, na aorta e no músculo (significativo). Além disso, o grau de ateromatose aórtica foi significativamente mais severo nos animais engaiolados

Efecto del ejercicio físico agudo sobre la distribución y el metabolismo de la vitamina A / Effect of acute physical exercise on the distribution and metabolism of vitamin A

Se evaluó el efecto del ejercio físico agudo sobre la distribución y el metabolismo de la vitamina A en un modelo experimental animal. Se estudiaron las concentraciones plasmáticas, hepaticas, renales, testiculares y de glándulas suprarrenales de la vitamina A y de sus principales formas moleculares: retinol y ésteres de retinol, en animales sometidos a ejercicio físico durante 2 h sin previo entrenamiento. Se observó una disminución en la concentración hepática y testicular de la vitamina A y un incremento de ésta en los riñones de los animales ejercitados. Se demostró, además, el incremento del catabolismo hepático del retinol bajo las condiones experimentales

Synergistic effect of allyl isopropyl acetamide with cadmium on hepatic heme synthesis in chick embryo.

The effect of cadmium along with a porphyrogenic drug, allyl isopropyl acetamide, on the induction of 5-amino levulinic acid (ALA) synthetase, ALA dehydratase and heme level was studied. The interaction of cadmium with allyl isopropyl acetamide indicated that the decrease in hepatic heme level by cadmium or allyl isopropyl acetamide may occur in a synergistic manner, whereas the induction of ALA synthetase by cadmium or allyl isopropyl acetamide may not take place in the same manner. Further, neither allyl isopropyl acetamide treatment alone nor allyl isopropyl acetamide-cadmium treatment had any effect on ALA dehydratase activity.

Effect of trisodium pentetat on the distribution of cadmium in some body organs & on hepatic metallothionein in rats.

The pre- and post-treatment with calcium trisodium diethylene-triaminepentaacetic acid (CaNa3DTPA) was investigated for their efficacy to mobilize cadmium (Cd) from various tissues and hepatic metallothionein (MT) in Cd-exposed rats. Pretreatment with CaNa3 DTPA significantly reduced the hepatic and renal Cd absorption while, post Cd treatment with CaNa3 DTPA was effective in reducing renal and brain Cd. Pretreatment with CaNa3DTPA significantly increased the Cd induced hepatic metallothionein (MT) level, MT-bound Cd, Zn and Cu contents while, post treatment with CaNa3DTPA reduced the hepatic MT, MT-bound Cd compared to Cd alone treated rats.

Effects of repeated eastward and westward synchronizer phase-shifts on growth, blood morphology and biochemical variables in male domestic fowls.

The effects of repeated synchronizer phase-shifts on growth (increment in body weight), blood morphology and growth related biochemical variables in 3-day-old juvenile male chicks were evaluated till they become 20 weeks old. The control birds were kept under a fixed LD 12:12 light schedule throughout, while the LD 12:12 regimen of experimental birds was shifted weekly either by delaying (westward shift) or by advancing (eastward shift) the time of light onset by 8 hr. The rate of growth was more in fowls which were exposed to repeated advancement of synchronizer schedule than the controls and those exposed to westward shifts of the synchronizer schedule. Hematological indices, viz., hemoglobin concentration, number of circulating erythrocytes, hematocrit and biochemical variables, such as concentration of glucose and protein in plasma; glycogen, protein and lipid in liver; and muscle tissues were significantly more in chicks exposed to repeated eastward shifts, when compared with the control birds (LD 12:12). It is suggested that the eastward shift of the synchronizer may be beneficial for the poultry birds.

Effect of centrally administered glucagon on liver glycogen & enzymes in anaesthetised dogs.

Glucagon (0.01 microgram) administered through the intracerebroventricular route in anaesthetised mongrel dogs, caused a significant rise in blood glucose and a fall in liver glycogen (P less than 0.01). Concurrently, it increased the liver phosphorylase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transminase and lipase activities by 30 min. Identical changes were observed in vagotomised animals. In pancreatectomised animals as well as in spinal cord transectomised animals, glucagon did not cause these changes. The study indicated that the hyperglycaemia produced by the centrally administered glucagon, is possibly a result of liver glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis induced by endogenous glucagon secreted from the pancreas, the stimulus for which is the hypothalamo-pancreatic fibres responding to glucagon sensitive neurones in the hypothalamus.

Glicolipoproteína de Leptospira interrogans sorogrupo icterohaemorrhagiae: distribuiçäo em fígado e rim de cobaias experimentalmente infectadas / Glycoproteins from Leptospira interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae: distribution in the liver and kidney of experimentally infected guinea pigs

Acredtita-se que as lesöes teciduais na leptospirose possam decorrer da açäo direta das leptospiras, de toxinas sintetizadas ou liberadas durante sua lise. O presente estudo visou a extraçäo química da glicolipoproteína (GLP) da aleptospira, a produçäo de anti-soro anti-GLP e a avaliaçäo de sua distribuiçäo em cortes de fígado e rim de cobaias inoculadas e sacrificadas em estudo sequencial diário até o 6§ dia de infecçäo, correspondente ao pico da doença. Procurou-se também correlacionar a expressäo tecidual da GLP com o grau de lesöes locais, em busca de novos subsídios para a compreensäo da patogenia da leptospiros. A GLP foi detectada em fígado e rim de 2 dentre 6 cobaias no 5§ dia e em todas as 6 no 6§ dia de infecçäo, sob a forma de grânulos no citoplasma de macrófagos, livres no interstício ou acolados à membrana de células endoteliais e parenquimatosas, especialmente nas regiöes mais lesadas. A cronologia do aparecimento da GLP e sua distribuiçäo sugerem tratar-se de produto de lise de leptospiras fagocitadas por macrófagos e que esta substância, conquanto näo comprovada como iniciadora das lesöes, asocia-se a seu agravamento nas etapas mais avançadas da leptospirose

Alteraciones hepáticas en pacientes con sindrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida. Experiencia del Hospital General de México, S.S / Hepatic manifestations of AIDS. Experience of the Hospital General de México, S.S.

Se revisaron los hallazgos clínicos, de laboratorio e histopatológicos en biopsias hepáticas que se obtuvieron de 11 pacientes con síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA) o complejo relacionado al SIDA que cursaron con alteración en las pruebas de funionamiento hepático, hepatomegalia y/o fiebre de causa desconocida. Se revisaron también los hallazgos de autopsia de 12 pacientes con esta enfermedad. El diagnóstico hepatológico más común en el material de biopsia fue de hepatitis granulomatosa: en dos casos se asoció a infección por microbacterias, en uno a fiebre tifoidea e infección por citomegalovirus y en uno a uno a probable fiebre Q; en los dos casos restantes se desconoce la etiología de los granulomas. En los pacientes con hepatitis granulomatosa se encontró con mayor frecuencia hepatomegalia, niveles séricos de transaminasa glutámico-pirúvica más bajos que en los pacientes con hepatitis no granulomatosa. En el material de autopsia se encontró hepatitis granulomatosa en 4 casos, 3 asociados a tuberculosis y 1 a toxoplasmosis. En base a estas observaciones y a lo informado en la literatura se concluye que la biopsia hepática puede ser de utilidad para establecer un diagnóstico preciso y en la toma de decisiones terapéuticas en aquellos pacientes que pertenezcan a los grupos de riesgo que desarrollan hepatitis granulomatosa frecuentemente

Leprosy, liver and jaundice.

Nine patients of leprosy, 5 BL and 4 LL who developed jaundice during the course of disease were investigated. Two LL patients developed jaundice during ENL reaction. There was slight hepatomegaly in 5 patients and moderate splenomegaly in 3 only. There was significant alterations in liver enzymes and serum bilirubin in all patients. The abnormalities of the enzymes levels persisted for abnormally long periods even when the serum bilirubin had come down and the patients had become asymptomatic. Blood for HBsAg and anti-HAV IgM was negative in all the patients except one in whom HBsAg was positive. Drugs could not be implicated as the cause of jaundice, all patients maintained recovery even after restarting antileprosy drugs. The possibility of non A, non B viruses producing hepatitis during the course of disease is brought out. Course of prolonged jaundice in leprosy is compared with other diseases which could result in a similar situation.