Prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal en trabajadores de la florícola Irose de la provincia de Pichincha ­ Cantón Pedro Moncayo 2019 / Prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in workers of the irose florícola of the province of pichincha - Canton Pedro Moncayo

Las infecciones por parásitos intestinales son de ocurrencia constantes y se encuentran asociadas al incumplimiento de las medidas sanitarias por parte de la población. El objetivo de esa investigación fue establecer la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal por protozoos y helmintos en trabajadores de la florícola iRose de la provincia de Pichincha-Cantón Pedro Moncayo mediante el examen coproparasitario realizado en el mes de agosto de 2019. Correspondió a un estudio transversal, descriptivo y de tipo observacional. La población estuvo integrada por 88 personas, quienes son trabajadores de la florícola iRose, Provincia de Pichincha, cantón Pedro Moncayo, distribuidos de la siguiente manera: 49 trabajadores del sexo masculino y 39 trabajadores del sexo femenino. La técnica de recolección de datos utilizada fue la encuesta y la observación directa y luego de obtener las muestras biológicas, la detección de parásitos intestinales se realizó mediante el método de coproparasitario en muestras heces. Los resultados evidencian presencia de protozoos en un 92.5% de las muestras estudiadas, mientras que el 7.5% presentan helmintos; mientras que el 40% de los estudios revelan quistes de endolimax nana, detectándose en el 25% de la muestra de los trabajadores de sexo masculino y con una presencia del 15% en los trabajadores del sexo femenino. Por lo que se recomienda realizar el examen coproparasitario al menos dos veces al año y paralelamente fortalecer las estrategias de promoción y prevención(AU)

Infections with intestinal parasites are of constant occurrence and are associated with non-compliance with health measures by the population. The objective of this research was to establish the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis by protozoa and helminths in la workers IRose flower farm of the province of Pichincha-Canton Pedro Moncayo through the coproparasitario examination carried out in august 2019. It corresponded to a cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study. The population was composed of 88 people, who are workers of the floricultural iRose, Province of Pichincha, canton Pedro Moncayo, distributed as follows: 49 male and 39 female workers. The data collection technique used was survey and direct observation and after obtaining biological samples, detection of intestinal parasites was performed using the coproparasitario method in fecal samples. The results showed the presence of protozoa in 92.5% of the samples studied, while 7.5% showed helminths; while 40% of studies reveal endolimax nana cysts, being detected in 25% of the sample of male workers and with a presence of 15% in female workers. Therefore, it is recommended to perform the coproparasitario examination less twice a year and in parallel strengthen strategies promotion and prevention(AU)

Enteroparasitism and Risk Factors Associated with Clinical Manifestations in Children and Adults of Jalisco State in Western Mexico

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal parasites in the population of San Juan Cosala, Jalisco, Mexico. METHODS: A total of 277 samples from 104 participants were analysed using direct smear, flotation, formaldehyde/ethyl acetate, and modified Kinyoun’s acid-fast stain methods. The Graham method was applied only for samples from children under 12 years of age for the diagnosis of Enterobius vermicularis. RESULTS: The prevalence of parasite infections in the study population was 77.9% including: Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar/E. moshkovskii/E. bangladeshi (37.5%), Giardia intestinalis (11.5%); commensals: Endolimax nana (44.2%), Entamoeba coli (27.9%), Chilomastix mesnili (6.7%) and Iodamoeba bütschlii, (2.9%); emerging intestinal protozoans: Blastocystis spp. (49%), Cryptosporidium spp. (7.7%) and Cyclospora cayetanensis (2.9%); and helminths: Enterobius vermicularis (18.3%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (5.8%). The results also showed that 58.64% of the studied population presented polyparasitism. A significant association was found between protozoan infections and housewives, and houses that were not built with concrete ceilings, brick walls and cement floors (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Polyparasitism was observed in over half the study population. The most prevalent parasite was Blastocystis spp, whilst the prevalence of helminths was less than that of protozoans. The risk factors for infection to intestinal parasites were being a housewife and not having solid brick, cement and concrete materials for house construction.

Parasitosis intestinal con predominio de flagelados comensales, en indígenas Waraos, estado Delta Amacuro, Venezuela / Intestinal parasites with predominance of commensally flagellates, in Waraos Indians, Delta Amacuro State, Venezuela

Las poblaciones de indígenas Waraos del Bajo Delta, adolecen de servicios sanitarios óptimos que le permitan diagnosticar y prevenir las enteroparasitosis. Objetivo: determinar la Prevalencia de Parasitosis Intestinal (PPI), frecuencia y diversidad de especies de los enteroparásitos presentes, con énfasis en los flagelados comensales. Métodos: se estudiaron 51 pacientes de la Etnia Warao (21 del sexo femenino y 30 masculino) con edades comprendidas entre los 2 meses y los 68 años, a los cuales se le realizaron exámenes coproparasitológicos, con las técnicas de la solución salina 0,85%, lugol y la técnica de Kato. Resultados: se obtuvo un PPI del 100%, donde los protozoarios diagnosticados fueron: Endolimax nana (58,8% de las muestras analizadas), Blastocystis sp. (56,9%), Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar (41,2%), Entamoeba coli (29,4%), Iodamoeba butschlii (25,5%), Pentatrichomonas hominis/Trichomonas hominis (17,6%), Giardia lamblia /Giardia intestinalis (15,7%), Chilomastix mesnili (11,8%), Balantidium coli (2%) y Entamoeba hartmani (2%). Los helmintos encontrados fueron: Ascaris lumbricoides (25,5%), Trichuris trichiura (5,9%) y Uncinarias sp. (2%). Conclusiones: la PPI y la frecuencia de Pentatrichomonas hominis y Chilomastix mesnili son de las más altas reportadas para Venezuela en los últimos años, indicadores de la difícil situación sanitaria de esta etnia.

The Waraos indigenous populations of the Lower Delta suffer from lack of optimal health services that allow them to diagnose and prevent enteroparasitosis. Objetive: to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites (PPI), frequency and diversity of species, with emphasis on commensal flagellates. Methods: we studied 51 patients of the Warao ethnic group (21 females and 30 males) aged between 2 months and 68 years, who underwent coproparasitological examinations, with the techniques of 0.85% saline solution, Lugol and Kato's technique. Results: a 100% PPI was obtained, where the diagnosed protozoa were: Endolimax nana (58.8% of the samples analyzed), Blastocystis sp. (56.9%), Entamoeba histolytica / Entamoeba dispar (41.2%), Entamoeba coli (29.4%), Iodamoeba butschlii (25.5%), Pentatrichomonas hominis /Trichomonas hominis (17.6%), Giardia lamblia /Giardia intestinalis (15.7%), Chilomastix mesnili (11.8%), Balantidium coli (2%) and Entamoeba hartmani (2%). The helminths found were: Ascaris lumbricoides (25.5%), Trichuris trichiura (5.9%) and Uncinarias sp. (2%). Conclusion: the PPI and the frequency of Pentatrichomonas hominis and Chilomastix mesnili are among the highest reported for Venezuela in recent years, indicators of the difficult health situation of this ethnic group.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasite Infection among Schoolchildren in the Peripheral Highland Regions of Huanuco, Peru

OBJECTIVES: Schoolchildren in developing countries are at greater risk of intestinal parasitic infections. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and assess the risk factors of intestinal parasite infection among schoolchildren in rural areas of Peru. METHODS: A volunteer team from the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) conducted a campaign for parasite eradication called “Chao parasitos” at five schools in the peripheral highland regions of Huanuco in October 2013. The study collected questionnaires and stool samples from children of participating schools. Entamoeba coli, Iodamoeba buschii, and Chilomastix mesnil were classified as nonpathogenic parasites. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasite infection in the students was 100% (185/185). Among them, 25.9% (48/185) were infected only with nonpathogenic parasites whereas 74.1% (137/185) were infected with at least one pathogenic parasite. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most commonly detected (37.3%, 69/185), followed by Giardia lamblia (15.1%, 28/185) and I. buschii (11.9%, 22/185). Among lifestyle practices associated with parasitic infection, the rate of washing hands before meals was significantly lower in the students with pathogenic parasites compared to those with nonpathogenic parasites (77.4%, 106/137 vs. 93.8%, 45/48, p = 0.025). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of intestinal parasite was 100%. Both personal hygiene and water supply facilities are required to eradicate parasite infection in rural areas of Peru.

Distribución espacial de las parasitosis intestinales en la ciudad de La Plata, Argentina

El análisis de las parasitosis a diferentes escalas (regional, local) se facilita por el Geographic Information System (GIS), que permite identificar áreas con distinto grado de vulnerabilidad. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar la distribución espacial de las parasitosis intestinales en el partido de La Plata, estableciendo su relación con las condiciones socio-ambientales para identificar áreas con diferente riesgo epidemiológico. Se completó una encuesta epidemiológica y se tomaron muestras seriadas de materia fecal, analizadas por la técnica de Ritchie. Se calcularon niveles de precariedad y vulnerabilidad (Iv), y se compararon con los resultados parasitológicos. Se analizaron parasitológica y ambientalmente 653 personas, de las cuales 585 (89.6%) eran niños y 68 (10.4%) adultos. El análisis indicó que los más vulnerables (Iv = 3-4) estaban en el sector con menor acceso a servicios de infraestructura urbana. El índice se encontró fuertemente asociado a la prevalencia total de parasitosis intestinales y a las 4 especies patógenas asociadas a la contaminación fecal del ambiente: Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Hymenolepis nana y Giardia lamblia (p < 0.01). Enterobius vermicularis, parásito no vinculado a la condición sanitaria de sus hospedadores, no se asoció al Iv. Hubo asociación estadística entre precariedad y parasitosis y se halló que a mayor Iv mayor frecuencia de parasitosis (p < 0.01). El uso de GIS permitió zonificar las variables socioambientales en un gradiente creciente de condiciones desfavorables y su relación con la presencia de especies patógenas. La continuidad de estos estudios en diferentes regiones de Argentina contribuye a la determinación de áreas en riesgo sanitario.

Parasitosis analysis at regional levels is simplified by the use of the Geographic Information System (GIS), which enables the identification of areas with different degrees of vulnerability. We analyzed the spatial distribution of intestinal parasites in La Plata district and their relationship with socio-environmental conditions in order to identify areas with different degrees of epidemiological risk. An epidemiological survey was completed; stool samples were collected and analyzed by Ritchie's method. Levels of precariousness and vulnerability (Iv rate) were calculated and compared to the parasitological results. Parasitological and environmental analysis were carried out on a total of 653 individuals, of whom 585 (89.6%) were children and 68 (10.4%) adults. The analysis indicated that the most vulnerable (Iv = 3-4) were those located in areas with less access to urban infrastructure services. The Iv was strongly associated with the overall prevalence of intestinal parasitosis and the 4 pathogenic species related to the fecal contamination of the environment: Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Hymenolepis nana and Giardia lamblia (p < 0.01). On the other hand, Enterobius vermicularis, a parasite not related to the sanitary condition of its host, was not associated with the Iv. Statistical association between poverty and parasitosis was noted; the greater the Iv, higher the incidence of parasites (p < 0.01). GIS allowed zoning socio-environmental variables in an increasing gradient of unfavorable conditions and their relationship to the presence of pathogenic species. The continuity of these studies in different regions of Argentina contributes to the determination of health risk areas.

[ species of intestinal parasites and their prevalence in children in elementary educational level in rural of Damascus-Kalamoon-Syria]

708 stool samples were collected from children in elementary educational level in Kalamoon area [Nabek-Deratiah-Kara], in rural of Damascus-Syria, and were examined. That was done between November-January of 2009-2010. The aim of this study is to find out the species of intestinal parasites spread in this area [This study is done as the first time in this area]. We found that 125 samples contain parasite, which equals to 17.65%, and 65 samples contain human pathogenic parasites 52%. The pathogenic parasites according to their prevalence: Giardia lambilia 6.07%, Chilomastix mesnili 0.14% and Candida SP 2.96%. While the nonpathogenic parasites prevalence: Entamoeba coli 1.27%, Blastocystis hominis 8.05%, Endolimax nana 0.98%. It is worthy to mention that no case of intestinal worm ova such as Ascaris lumbricoides and Entamoeba histolytica has been diagnosed in our study

Protozoarios en aguas superficiales y muestras fecales de individuos de poblaciones rurales del municipio Montes, estado Sucre, Venezuela / Protozoans in superficial waters and faecal samples of individuals of rural populations of the Montes municipality, Sucre state, Venezuela

En el estado Sucre, el Río Manzanares se ve amenazado por actividades domésticas, agrícolas e industriales originadas por el hombre, convirtiéndose en factor de riesgo ambiental para sus habitantes. En este sentido se planteó evaluar la presencia de protozoarios en aguas superficiales de afluentes del Río Manzanares (Río Orinoco, Quebrada Seca, Río San Juan), municipio Montes, estado Sucre, Venezuela, así como también el análisis de muestras fecales de los habitantes de poblados aledaños. Se recolectaron muestras de aguas superficiales de los afluentes en estudio y fecales entre mayo 2006-abril 2007. Las muestras de aguas superficiales se procesaron con sedimentación por centrifugación, floculación y tinciones de Kinyoun y tricrómica; las muestras fecales se sometieron a examen directo con solución salina fisiológica y lugol, Ritchie modificado y las coloraciones antes mencionadas. Los protozoarios observados con mayor frecuencia en las aguas superficiales en los afluentes fueron: Amebas, Blastocystis sp., Endolimax sp., Chilomastix sp. y Giardia sp. Mientras que Blastocystis hominis, Endolimax nana y Entaomeba coli fueron los de mayor frecuencia observada en las muestras fecales. Los habitantes de Orinoco La Peña resultaron ser los más afectados por las infecciones parasitarias (77,60%), seguido de Río San Juan con 46,63%, y Quebrada Seca con 39,49%. La presencia de protozoarios patógenos y no patógenos en las aguas superficiales demuestra la contaminación fecal de los afluentes evaluados, por lo que representa un foco de infección permanente para los individuos que viven en las cercanías de estas aguas, esto se refleja por la observación de los mismos parásitos en ambas muestras.

In Sucre state, the Manzanares river is threatened by domestic, agricultural and industrial activities, becoming an environmental risk factor for its inhabitants. In this sense, the presence of protozoans in superficial waters of tributaries of the Manzanares river (Orinoco river, Quebrada Seca, San Juan river), Montes municipality, Sucre state, as well as the analysis of faecal samples from inhabitants of towns bordering these tributaries were evaluated. We collected faecal and water samples from may 2006 through april 2007. The superficial water samples were processed after centrifugation by the direct examination and floculation, using lugol, modified Kinyoun and trichromic colorations. Fecal samples where analyzed by direct examination with physiological saline solution and the modified Ritchie concentration method and using the other colorations techniques above mentioned. The most frequently observed protozoans in superficial waters in the three tributaries were: Amoebas, Blastocystis sp, Endolimax sp., Chilomastix sp. and Giardia sp. Whereas in faecal samples, Blastocystis hominis, Endolimax nana and Entaomeba coli had the greatest frequencies in the three communities. The inhabitants of Orinoco La Peña turned out to be most susceptible to these parasitic infections (77.60%), followed by San Juan River (46.63%) and Quebrada Seca (39.49%). The presence of pathogenic and nonpathogenic protozoans in superficial waters demonstrates the faecal contamination of the tributaries, representing a constant focus of infection for their inhabitants, inferred by the observation of the same species in both types of samples.