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1.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 38(1): 128-144, 20221230. fig, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1415537

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto sobre la mortalidad según el perfil de ingreso a un centro de trauma del suroccidente colombiano, como método para entender las dinámicas de atención del paciente con trauma. Métodos. Se realizó un subanálisis del registro de la Sociedad Panamericana de Trauma asociado a un centro de trauma en el suroccidente colombiano. Se analizaron los pacientes atendidos entre los años 2012 y 2021. Se compararon los pacientes con condición de ingreso directo y aquellos que ingresaron remitidos. Se hicieron análisis de poblaciones de interés como pacientes con trauma severo (ISS > 15) y pacientes con/sin trauma craneoencefálico. Se evaluó el impacto de los pacientes remitidos y su condición al ingreso sobre la mortalidad. Resultados. Se incluyeron 10.814 pacientes. La proporción de pacientes remitidos fue del 54,7 %. Los pacientes que ingresaron remitidos presentaron diferencias respecto a la severidad del trauma y compromiso fisiológico al ingreso comparado con los pacientes con ingreso directo. Los pacientes remitidos tienen mayor riesgo de mortalidad (RR: 2,81; IC95% 2,44-3,22); sin embargo, es el estado fisiológico al ingreso lo que impacta en la mortalidad. Conclusión. Los pacientes remitidos de otras instituciones tienen un mayor riesgo de mortalidad, siendo una inequidad en salud que invita a la articulación de actores institucionales en la atención de trauma. Un centro de trauma debe relacionarse con las instituciones asociadas para crear un sistema de trauma que optimice la atención de los pacientes y la oportunidad


Introduction. This study aims to evaluate the impact on mortality by admission profile to a trauma center in Southwest Colombia between direct and referred patients, as a method to understand the dynamics of trauma care.Methods. A sub-analysis of the Panamerican Trauma Society registry associated with a trauma center in Southwest Colombia was performed. Patients attended between 2012-2021 were analyzed. Patients with direct admission and referred condition were compared. Analyses of populations of interest such as patients with severe trauma (ISS > 15) and patients with/without brain trauma were made. The impact of referred patients and their admission status on mortality was evaluated. Results. A total of 10,814 patients were included. The proportion of referred patients was 54.7%. Patients admitted referred vs. with direct admission have differences regarding trauma severity and physiological compromise on admission. The referred patient has a higher risk of mortality (RR: 2.81; 95% CI 2.44-3.22). There is a high proportion of penetrating trauma by gunshot wounds. However, it is the physiological state at admission that impacts mortality. Conclusion. Patients referred from other institutions have a higher mortality risk, being a health inequity that invites the articulation of institutional actors in trauma care. A trauma center should relate to partner institutions to create a trauma system that optimizes care and timeliness


Subject(s)
Humans , Trauma Centers , Prehospital Care , Referral and Consultation , Wounds and Injuries , Trauma Severity Indices , Advanced Trauma Life Support Care
2.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 37(4): 640-652, 20220906. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1396404

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La población mundial crece y con ello los accidentes de tránsito, incrementando la morbimortalidad. La combinación de factores clínicos y paraclínicos mediante las escalas de trauma impacta en los desenlaces al permitir tomar acciones oportunas. Métodos. Estudio de corte transversal en el que se incluyeron pacientes con lesiones por colisión en accidentes de tránsito, atendidos entre 2017 y 2018, en urgencias del Hospital Universitario San José de Popayán, Colombia, un hospital de alta complejidad. Se recolectaron variables sociodemográficas y biológicas y se aplicaron tres escalas de trauma, Revised Trauma Score, Injury SeverityScore y New Injury Severity Score. Posteriormente, se evaluó su rendimiento para predecir mortalidad. Resultados. Se atendieron en el servicio de urgencias 650 pacientes con lesiones en accidentes de tránsito y se presentaron 16 muertes. Al evaluar el rendimiento de las escalas de trauma se encontró que la sensibilidad para mortalidad varía entre el 75 % para Revised Trauma Score y el 93,8 % para Injury Severity Score y New Injury Severity Score, con una especificidad que varía entre 89,1 % y 96,8 %. Se identificó que la mejor razón de verosimilitud positiva fue para Revised Trauma Score, mientras que la mejor razón de verosimilitud negativa fue para Injury Severity Scorey New Injury Severity Score. Conclusiones. Los resultados evidencian un adecuado rendimiento de las escalas de trauma evaluadas para predecir mortalidad. La escala que presentó mejor rendimiento fue Injury Severity Score por su sensibilidad, especificidad y razón de verosimilitud positiva.


Background. The global population is on the rise and with such motor vehicle collisions, increasing the morbidity and mortality of individuals implicated in traffic accidents. The combination of clinical and paraclinical factors, as done by the different trauma scales, have an impact upon morbidity and mortality by allowing timely actions.Methods. Cross-sectional study that included patients with collision injuries in traffic accidents, treated at an emergency department from 2017 to 2018 at Hospital Universitario San José in Popayán, Colombia, a high-complexity hospital. The study defined the universe, collected sociodemographic and biological variables, and applied three trauma scales: Revised Trauma Score, Injury Severity Score, and New Injury Severity Score. Subsequently, its performance in predicting mortality was evaluated. Results. Six-hundred-fifty patients with collision injuries were treated in the emergency department with lesions due to collisions in traffic accidents; 16 deaths were reported. We found that the sensitivity varies between 75% for the Revised Trauma Score to 93.8% for the Injury Severity Score and the New Injury Severity Score. Likewise, an adequate specificity varying from 89,1% for the Injury Severity Score to 96,8% for the Revised Trauma Score. The best positive likelihood ratio was for the Revised Trauma Score. The negative likelihood ratios for the Injury Severity Score and the New Injury Severity Score were adequate.Conclusion. The results show an adequate performance of the trauma scales evaluated to predict mortality. The scale that presented the best performance was Injury Severity Score due to its sensitivity, specificity and positive likelihood ratio.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Trauma Severity Indices , Emergencies , Wounds and Injuries , Accidents, Traffic , Mortality
3.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 73(1): 59-65, feb. 2021. graf, ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388789

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El trauma representa un verdadero reto para los sistemas sanitarios por ser un gran problema de salud pública. En Chile se desconoce el manejo del paciente politraumatizado. Objetivo: Describir los resultados del primer registro de trauma (RT) en línea, en los pacientes que se atienden en el Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río durante los primeros dos años de la implementación. Materiales y Método: Se recoge información prospectiva en un registro en red, sobre pacientes víctimas de trauma, ingresados al Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río durante dos años. Estas variables involucran todo el proceso de atención clínica desde el ingreso al alta o fallecimiento. Resultados: En dos años, se registran 3.515 ingresos de pacientes víctima de trauma. Entre estos, el 81,3% son hombres. El 27% sufre trauma penetrante y 59% cerrado. Destacan más lesiones por arma de fuego que por arma blanca. El 18,4% de los pacientes ingresados tiene un el Injury Severity Score (ISS) mayor a 15 puntos. 34 pacientes ingresan en paro cardiorrespiratorio y 7,3 % lo hace hipotenso. Se realizan 1.856 tomografías y el 54,4% requiere cirugía de urgencia. Ingresan 692 traumas torácicos, 654 abdominales, 1.550 de extremidades, 687 lesiones en cráneo y 190 traumas cervicales. Se activa el protocolo de transfusión masiva en el 3,1% de los ingresos. El 8,3% utiliza la unidad de paciente crítico y la mortalidad es de 2,9%, teniendo como primera causa el trauma encéfalocraneano y segunda el shock hemorrágico. Conclusiones: Nuestro hospital tiene una gran incidencia de trauma. La implementación de un RT permite conocer la dimensión y evaluar el proceso asistencial en torno al paciente víctima de trauma. Es necesario dirigir recursos e implementar capacitación en los centros de alto volumen de trauma, además, de continuar con la extensión de la herramienta como estrategia de monitorización multicéntrica.


Introduction: Trauma represents a real challenge for health systems because is a major public health problem. In Chile, the management of polytrauma patients is unknown. Aim: Describe the results of the first online trauma registry; in patients treated at the Dr. Sótero del Río Hospital during the first two years of implementation. Materials and Method: Prospective information is collected in a network registry, about trauma victims, admitted to Dr. Sótero del Río Hospital for two years. These variables involve the entire clinical care process from admission to discharge or death. Results: 3.515 admissions of trauma victims are registered in two years. Among these, 81.3% are men. 27% suffered penetrating trauma and 59% closed. They emphasize larger injuries by firearm than by bladed weapon. 18.4% of admitted patients have ISS greater than 15 points. 34 patients enter cardio-respiratory arrest and 7.3% make it hypotensive. 1,856 CT scans are performed and 54.4% require emergency surgery. They admitted 692 thoracic trauma, 654 abdominal, 1550 limb, 687 skull injuries and 190 cervical trauma. The massive transfusion protocol is activated at 3.1% of the admissions. 8.3% use the critical patient unit and mortality is 2.9%, with cranial brain trauma as the first cause and hemorrhagic shock as a second cause. Conclusions: Our hospital has a high incidence of trauma. The RT implementation allows us to know the dimension and assess the care process about the trauma patient. It is necessary to direct resources and implement training in high-volume trauma centers, as well as continuing with the extension of the tool as a multi-center monitoring strategy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Trauma Severity Indices , Registries , Wounds and Injuries/mortality , Wounds and Injuries/prevention & control , Traumatology/statistics & numerical data
4.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 36(1): 42-50, 20210000. fig, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1148507

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El trauma es una de las entidades con mayor morbimortalidad en el mundo. Los equipos especializados en la atención del paciente traumatizado son llamados «equipos de trauma¼. Dichos equipos surgieron de la necesidad de brindar tratamiento oportuno multidisciplinario a individuos con heridas que condicionan gran severidad en la guerra; sin embargo, con el paso del tiempo se trasladaron al ámbito civil, generando un impacto positivo en términos de tiempos de atención, mortalidad y morbilidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el proceso de desarrollo de los equipos de trauma a nivel mundial y la experiencia en nuestra institución en el suroccidente colombiano. Métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos PUBMED, que incluyó revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis, revisiones de Cochrane, ensayos clínicos y series de casos. Resultados. Se incluyeron 41 estudios para esta revisión narrativa, y se observó que el tiempo de permanencia en Emergencias, el tiempo de traslado a cirugía, la mortalidad y las complicaciones asociadas al trauma fueron menores cuando se implementan equipos de trauma. Discusión. El diseño de un sistema de atención y valoración horizontal de un paciente con traumatismos severos produce un impacto positivo en términos de tiempos de atención, mortalidad y morbilidad. Se hace necesario establecer los parámetros operativos necesarios en las instituciones de salud de alta y mediana complejidad en nuestro país para implementar dichos equipos de trabajo


Introduction. Trauma is one of the entities with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. Teams specialized in trauma patient care are called «trauma teams¼. These teams arose from the need to provide timely multidisciplinary treatment to individuals with severe injuries in war; however, with time they moved to the civilian arena, generating a positive impact in terms of care times, mortality and morbidity. The objective of this study was to describe the process of development of trauma teams worldwide and the experience in our institution in southwestern Colombia. Methods. A search of the PUBMED database was carried out, which included systematic reviews, metaanalyses, Cochrane reviews, clinical trials, and case series.Results. Forty-one studies were included for this narrative review, and it was observed that the length of stay in the ER, the time of transfer to surgery, mortality and complications associated with trauma were lower when trauma teams are implemented. Discussion. The design of a horizontal care and assessment system for a patient with severe trauma produces a positive impact in terms of care times, mortality and morbidity. It is necessary to establish operational parameters in high and medium complexity health institutions in our country to implement such work teams


Subject(s)
Humans , Trauma Centers , Patient Care Team , Wounds and Injuries , Trauma Severity Indices , Advanced Trauma Life Support Care
5.
Rev. enferm. UFSM ; 11: e29, 2021. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1177835

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados ao tempo da morte de vítimas de trauma. Método: coorte retrospectiva que analisou laudos de autópsia de vítimas de trauma admitidas em 2015 no Instituto Médico Legal Central de São Paulo, Brasil. O tempo da morte foi identificado a partir do momento da ocorrência do trauma até a confirmação do óbito. O modelo linear generalizado foi aplicado para análise dos dados. Resultados: entre as 1.500 vítimas fatais (75,7% homens; idade média 49,7 anos), prevaleceram as quedas (33,5%), seguidas das agressões (27,8%). Os fatores associados ao tempo da morte foram número de regiões corporais afetadas (p<0,001), tipo de trauma (p<0,001), sexo (p=0,009), gravidade do trauma segundo New Injury Severity Score (p<0,001), agressões (p<0,001) e lesões autoprovocadas intencionalmente (p<0,001). Conclusão: mulheres, vítimas de traumas que envolveram intencionalidade de provocar a morte e com elevada gravidade apresentaram tempo de sobrevida reduzido após a(s) lesão(ões).


Objective: to identify factors associated to the time of death of trauma victims. Method: a retrospective cohort that analyzed autopsy reports of trauma victims admitted in 2015 at the Central Institute of Forensic Medicine of São Paulo, Brazil. The time of death was identified from the trauma moment to the confirmation of death. The generalized linear model was applied to analyze the data. Results: among the 1,500 fatal victims (75.7% were men; mean age of 49.7 years old), falls prevailed (33.5%), followed by aggressions (27.8%). The factors associated with the time of death were the number of body areas affected (p<0.001), type of trauma (p<0.001), gender (p=0.009), trauma severity according to the New Injury Severity Score (p<0.001), assaults (p>0.001), and intentionally self-harm injuries (p<0.001). Conclusion: women, victims of traumas with the intention of causing death and with high severity presented a reduced survival time after the injury(ies).


Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados al momento de la muerte de víctimas de traumatismos. Método: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo que analizó informes de autopsias de víctimas de traumatismos admitidas en 2015 en el Instituto Médico Legal Central de San Pablo, Brasil. El momento de la muerte se identificó a partir del momento en que sucedió el traumatismo hasta la confirmación de la muerte. Se aplicó el modelo lineal generalizado para el análisis de los datos. Resultados: entre las 1.500 víctimas fatales (75,7% de ellas hombres; media de edad de 49,7 años), prevalecieron las caídas (33,5%), seguidas por las agresiones (27,8%). Los factores asociados al momento de la muerte fueron la cantidad de áreas del cuerpo afectadas (p<0,001), el tipo de traumatismo (p<0,001), el sexo (p=0,009), la gravedad del traumatismo conforme al New Injury Severity Score (p<0,001), agresiones (p<0,001) y lesiones autoprovocadas intencionalmente (p<0,001). Conclusión: las mujeres, víctimas de traumatismos con intención de provocar la muerte y de alta gravedad presentaron un tiempo de sobrevida reducido después de la o las lesiones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Autopsy , Wounds and Injuries , Trauma Severity Indices , Risk Factors , Mortality
6.
Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP ; 55: e03747, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1250732

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a capacidade preditiva de mortalidade dos índices Revised Trauma Score, Rapid Emergency Medicine Score, modified Rapid Emergency Medicine Score e Simplified Acute Physiology Score III em vítimas de trauma contuso internadas em unidade de terapia intensiva e comparar seu desempenho. Método: Coorte retrospectiva de pacientes com trauma contuso de uma unidade de terapia intensiva a partir do registro em prontuários. Receiver Operating Characteristic e intervalo de confiança de 95% da área sob a curva foram analisados para comparar os resultados. Resultados: Dos 165 pacientes analisados, 66,7% tiveram tratamento cirúrgico. A mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva e no hospital foi de 17,6% e 20,6%, respectivamente. Para mortalidade na terapia intensiva, houve variação das áreas sob a curva entre 0,672 e 0,738; porém, melhores resultados foram observados em pacientes cirúrgicos (0,747 a 0,811). Resultados similares foram observados para mortalidade hospitalar. Em todas as análises, as áreas sob a curva dos índices não diferiram significativamente. Conclusão: Houve acurácia moderada dos índices de gravidade, com melhora na performance quando aplicados em pacientes cirúrgicos. Os quatro índices apresentaram predição similar para os desfechos analisados.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la capacidad predictiva de la mortalidad de los índices Revised Trauma Score, Rapid Emergency Medicine Score, modified Rapid Emergency Medicine Score y Simplified Acute Physiology Score III en víctimas de traumas contusos hospitalizadas en una unidad de cuidados intensivos y comparar su rendimiento. Método: Cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes con trauma contuso en una unidad de cuidados intensivos a partir de los registros médicos. Se analizaron el Receiver Operating Characteristic y el intervalo de confianza del 95% del área bajo la curva para comparar los resultados. Resultados: De los 165 pacientes analizados, el 66,7% recibió tratamiento quirúrgico. La mortalidad en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y en el hospital fue del 17,6% y del 20,6%, respectivamente. Para la mortalidad en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, las áreas bajo la curva oscilaron entre 0,672 y 0,738; sin embargo, se observaron mejores resultados en los pacientes quirúrgicos (0,747 a 0,811). Se observaron resultados similares para la mortalidad hospitalaria. En todos los análisis, las áreas bajo la curva de los índices no difieren significativamente. Conclusión: La precisión de los índices de gravedad fue moderada, con un mejor rendimiento cuando se aplicaron a pacientes quirúrgicos. Los cuatro índices mostraron una predicción similar para los resultados analizados.


ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the predictive capacity for mortality of the indexes Revised Trauma Score, Rapid Emergency Medicine Score, modified Rapid Emergency Medicine Score, and Simplified Acute Physiology Score III in blunt trauma victims hospitalized in an intensive care unit and compare their performance. Method: Retrospective cohort of patients with blunt trauma in an intensive care unit from medical records. Receiver Operating Characteristic and a 95% confidence interval of the area under the curve were analyzed to compare results. Results: Out of 165 analyzed patients, 66.7% have received surgical treatment. The mortality in the intensive care unit and in the hospital was 17.6% and 20.6%, respectively. For the mortality in the intensive care unit, the area under the curve varied from 0.672 to 0.738; however, better results have been observed in surgical patients (0.747 to 0.811). Similar results have been observed for in-hospital mortality. In all analyses, the areas under the curve of the indexes presented no significant difference. Conclusion: The accuracy of the severity indexes was moderate, with an improved performance when applied to surgical patients. The four indexes presented a similar prediction for the analyzed outcomes.


Subject(s)
Wounds and Injuries , Trauma Severity Indices , Prognosis , Severity of Illness Index , ROC Curve , Mortality
7.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 25(2): 483-494, Feb. 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055812

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este estudo analisa as diferenças entre os casos de violência contra a mulher, formalizados em boletins de ocorrência (BO) na Delegacia de Defesa da Mulher (DDM), durante a rotina dos formalizados nas Delegacias Civis durante os plantões policiais, em um município de médio porte do interior paulista. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com base nos BOs realizados no período de um ano (2013/2014). As ocorrências foram diferenciadas conforme o período em que foram lavrados os BOs, na rotina ou nos plantões, sendo este último tomado como variável dependente. As comparações entre os grupos foram realizadas pelo teste χ2. Foram registrados 440 boletins, sendo 373 na rotina e 67 no plantão. As ocorrências realizadas nos plantões apresentaram maior ameaça à integridade da mulher com um maior número de flagrantes do agressor, solicitação de medidas protetivas e gravidade das agressões, como hematomas, hospitalização e encaminhamento ao IML; caracterizando maior gravidade das ocorrências no período em que a DDM está fechada. Deste modo, falta às mulheres um serviço especializado de acolhimento e ampla garantia de direitos nos períodos de maior risco e vulnerabilidade.


Abstract The study analyzes the differences among cases of violence against women registered in police reports (PR) at the Women's Protection Police Station (WPPS) during regular working hours, and those registered during after-hours, in a medium-sized city in the inland state of São Paulo, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study based on data from PRs registered for one year (2013/2014). PRs were differentiated by period of registration, at regular working hours and after-hours (dependent variable). A chi-square test was used to compare groups. In total, 440 PRs were registered, 373 during regular working hours, and 67 during after-hours. Cases of violence registered during after-hours evidenced more significant threats to women's integrity, as shown by the higher number of cases of perpetrators' flagrante delicto, requests for protective measures and greater severity of assaults, such as bruises, need for hospitalization and referral to forensic medicine (IML), which characterize the greater severity of occurrences when WPPS are closed. Thus, women lack a specialized reception service and a full guarantee of rights in periods of highest risk and vulnerability.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Police/statistics & numerical data , Crime Victims/statistics & numerical data , Gender-Based Violence/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , Wounds and Injuries , Brazil/epidemiology , Trauma Severity Indices , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
8.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 28: e3236, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1058547

ABSTRACT

Objective: To analyze the risk factors for death of trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Method: Retrospective cohort study with data from medical records of adults hospitalized for trauma in a general intensive care unit. We included patients 18 years of age and older and admitted for injuries. The variables were grouped into levels in a hierarchical manner. The distal level included sociodemographic variables, hospitalization, cause of trauma and comorbidities; the intermediate, the characteristics of trauma and prehospital care; the proximal, the variables of prognostic indices, intensive admission, procedures and complications. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: The risk factors associated with death at the distal level were age 60 years or older and comorbidities; at intermediate level, severity of trauma and proximal level, severe circulatory complications, vasoactive drug use, mechanical ventilation, renal dysfunction, failure to perform blood culture on admission and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II. Conclusion: The identified factors are useful to compose a clinical profile and to plan intensive care to avoid complications and deaths of traumatized patients.


Objetivo: analisar os fatores de risco para óbito de pacientes com trauma internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Método: estudo de coorte retrospectivo, com dados de prontuários de adultos hospitalizados por trauma em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva geral. Foram incluídos pacientes de 18 anos ou mais de idade e admitidos por lesões. As variáveis foram agrupadas em níveis de maneira hierarquizada. O nível distal contemplou variáveis sociodemográficas, da internação, causa do trauma e comorbidades; o intermediário, as características do trauma e do atendimento pré-hospitalar; o proximal, as variáveis dos índices prognósticos, da admissão intensiva, procedimentos e complicações. Realizou-se análise de regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: os fatores de risco associados ao óbito no nível distal foram idade igual ou superior a 60 anos e comorbidades; no nível intermediário, a gravidade do trauma e no nível proximal, as complicações circulatórias graves, uso de drogas vasoativas, ventilação mecânica, disfunção renal, não realização de hemocultura na admissão e Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II. Conclusão: os fatores identificados são úteis para compor um perfil clínico e para planejar a assistência intensiva a fim de evitar complicações e óbitos de pacientes traumatizados.


Objetivo: analizar los factores de riesgo para muerte de pacientes con trauma internados en unidad de terapia intensiva. Método: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, con datos de fichas médicas de adultos hospitalizados por trauma en unidad de terapia intensiva general. Fueron incluidos pacientes de 18 años o más de edad y admitidos por lesiones. Las variables fueron agrupadas en niveles de manera jerarquizada. El nivel distal contempló variables sociodemográficas, internación, causa del trauma, y comorbilidades; el nivel intermedio las características del trauma y de la atención prehospitalaria; el nivel proximal las variables de índices pronósticos, de admisión intensiva, de procedimientos y complicaciones. Se realizó análisis de regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: los factores de riesgo asociados a la muerte en el nivel distal fueron: edad igual o superior a 60 años y comorbilidades; en el nivel intermedio la gravedad del trauma; y, en el nivel proximal las complicaciones circulatorias graves, uso de drogas vaso activas, ventilación mecánica, disfunción renal, no realización de hemocultivo en la admisión y Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II. Conclusión: los factores identificados son útiles para componer un perfil clínico y para planificar la asistencia intensiva con la finalidad de evitar complicaciones y muertes de pacientes traumatizados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Wounds and Injuries/classification , Wounds and Injuries/mortality , Severity of Illness Index , Risk Factors , Hospital Mortality , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data
9.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 23: e200015, 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1092604

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Objetivo: Estudar fatores associados à perda de produtividade em pessoas envolvidas em acidentes de trânsito (AT). Métodos: Realizou-se uma coorte prospectiva de base comunitária no município de Jequié, Bahia, Brasil, entre 2013 e 2015. Foi aplicado instrumento de coleta em forma de formulário em participantes que se envolviam em AT, seguido de entrevistas a cada quatro meses. Investigou-se, por meio da análise bivariada e multivariável, a associação entre perda de produtividade e variáveis sociodemográficas e ocupacionais, condições de saúde e gravidade das lesões. Resultados: Observaram-se incidência cumulativa de perda de produtividade de 61,1% e densidade de incidência geral de 7,45 casos/100 pessoas/mês. A análise multivariável demonstrou associação com perda de produtividade para quem utilizava o veículo como instrumento de trabalho (razão de densidade de incidência - RDI = 4,23; intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) = 2,90 - 6,17) e aqueles que apresentaram lesão corporal (RDI = 2,80; IC95% = 1,62 - 4,85). Conclusão: São necessárias políticas públicas que assegurem a segurança no trânsito a fim de minimizar os efeitos dos AT sobre a produtividade, além da realização de novos estudos na área para ampliar o conhecimento sobre o tema.


ABSTRACT: Objective: To study associated factors with loss productivity in people involved road traffic accidents (RTA). Methods: The population based cohort study was conducted in Jequié, Brazil between 2013 to 2015. The instrument for interview was used in people involved in RTA and interview in four months. Individuals, occupational, health conditions, injury and support variables were used for bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: The cumulative incidence was loss productivity was 61.1% and density incidence of 7.45 cases/100 person-month. Multivariate analysis showed association for injury (IDR = 4.23; 95%CI = 2.90 - 6.17) and vehicle used with work instrument (IDR = 2.80; 95%CI = 1.62 - 4.85). Conclusion: Public policies are needed to ensure traffic safety in order to minimize the effects of RTA about productivity and to carry news studies to expand knowledge about loss productivity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Automobile Driving/statistics & numerical data , Wounds and Injuries/economics , Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data , Cost of Illness , Sick Leave/statistics & numerical data , Efficiency , Wounds and Injuries/etiology , Brazil , Trauma Severity Indices , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Cohort Studies , Sick Leave/economics , Middle Aged
10.
São Paulo; s.n; 2020. 162 p
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1398245

ABSTRACT

Introdução: o trauma é um problema de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo em razão do número expressivo de mortes, sequelas e custos de tratamento dos doentes traumatizados. Na literatura, pouco se conhece sobre variáveis que influenciam o desfecho clínico e a demanda de cuidados de enfermagem dos traumatizados na sala de emergência, informações essenciais para melhoria da qualidade da assistência e dimensionamento da equipe de enfermagem. Objetivo: analisar a mortalidade e a carga de trabalho de enfermagem requerida por doentes traumatizados na sala de emergência. Método: estudo de coorte prospectivo, que analisou adultos traumatizados que receberam atendimento pré-hospitalar (APH) e foram admitidos diretamente da cena em um hospital especializado em trauma de São Paulo, Brasil, entre dezembro/2016 e novembro/2017. As variáveis dependentes do estudo foram desfecho clínico e carga de trabalho de enfermagem, segundo Nursing Activities Score (NAS), dos pacientes na sala de emergência. As variáveis independentes incluíram dados demográficos, do evento traumático, do APH e gravidade do trauma. Os testes Qui-Quadrado de Pearson, Exato de Fisher, Brunner-Munzel, Mann-Whitney, Kruskall-Wallis e correlação de Pearson, além das regressões logística e linear, foram empregados na análise dos dados, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: a casuística compôs-se de 400 doentes (77,2% homens; idade média 40,5 anos). Ocorrências no trânsito (59,3%) foram a principal causa externa, seguidas de quedas (20,0%). Transportes via terrestre (73,5%) e atendimentos realizados por equipes de suporte básico (57,5%) prevaleceram. A média da gravidade segundo Revised Trauma Score triage (RTSt), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS) e modified Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (mREMS) foram 10,5 (DP=2,8), 6,3 (DP=2,2), 4,9 (DP=5,2) e 4,9 (DP=5,7), respectivamente. Imobilizações com colar cervical (91,8%) e/ou prancha rígida (98,8%) foram as intervenções mais frequentes no APH. A média do NAS foi de 71,0 (DP=25,0) e um total de 35 doentes morreu na sala de emergência. Associações estatisticamente significativas foram identificadas entre os grupos (sobreviventes versus não sobreviventes na sala de emergência) em relação às variáveis causa externa, período da ocorrência do trauma, tempo de transporte, RTSt, RTS, REMS e mREMS, além de 8 das 21 intervenções realizadas durante o APH. Os fatores preditores de mortalidade dos traumatizados na sala de emergência foram os índices RTSt e mREMS. Diferenças significativas foram identificadas entre os valores do NAS e as variáveis sexo, causa externa, tipo e modalidade de suporte pré-hospitalar e 15 intervenções realizadas durante o APH. Além disso, foi identificada correlação moderada e significativa entre o NAS e os índices RTSt, RTS, REMS e mREMS. O modelo preditivo do NAS contemplou as variáveis lesão autoprovocada intencionalmente, escore mREMS e as intervenções intubação, curativo compressivo e manta aluminizada realizadas no pré-hospitalar. Conclusão: os resultados desta pesquisa auxiliarão os profissionais na identificação dos doentes traumatizados com maior risco de morrer na sala de emergência para que intervenções precoces sejam implementadas e mais vidas salvas. Além disso, os achados facilitarão gestores no planejamento dos cuidados, dimensionamento da equipe de enfermagem e capacitação desses profissionais com foco na qualidade da assistência ao traumatizado.


Introduction: Trauma is a public health problem in Brazil and worldwide due to the significant number of deaths, sequelae and treatment costs of trauma patients. In the literature, little is known about variables that influence the clinical outcome and the demand for nursing care of traumatized patients in the emergency room. These information would be crucial for improving the quality of care and sizing of the nursing staff. Objective: To analyze mortality and nursing workload required by trauma patients in the emergency room. Method: Prospective cohort study that analyzed traumatized adults who received prehospital care and were admitted directly from the scene at a trauma hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, between December/2016 and November/2017. The dependent variables of the study were clinical outcome and nursing workload, according to Nursing Activities Score (NAS), of patients in the emergency room. Independent variables included demographic, traumatic event, prehospital care, and trauma severity data. Pearson\'s chi-square, Fisher\'s exact, Brunner-Munzel, Mann-Whitney, Kruskall-Wallis and Pearson correlation tests, as well as logistic and linear regressions, were used to analyze the data, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The sample consisted of 400 patients (77.2% men; mean age 40.5 years). Traffic events (59.3%) were the main external cause, followed by falls (20.0%). Land transportation (73.5%) and attendance by basic support teams (57.5%) prevailed in the sample. The mean severity according to Revised Trauma Score triage (RTSt), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS) and modified Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (mREMS) were 10.5 (SD=2.8), 6,3 (SD=2.2), 4.9 (SD=5.2) and 4.9 (SD=5.7), respectively. Immobilizations with cervical collar (91.8%) and/or rigid board (98.8%) were the most frequent prehospital interventions. The NAS average was 71.0 (SD=25.0) and a total of 35 patients died in the emergency room. Statistically significant associations were identified between the groups (survivors versus non-survivors in the emergency room) regarding the variables external cause, period of trauma, transport time, RTSt, RTS, REMS and mREMS, in addition to 8 of 21 interventions during the prehospital care. The predictors of mortality of trauma patients in the emergency room were the RTSt and mREMS indexes. Significant differences were identified between NAS values and the variables gender, external cause, modality and type of prehospital support and 15 interventions performed during the prehospital care. In addition, a moderate and significant correlation was identified between NAS and the RTSt, RTS, REMS and mREMS indexes. The NAS predictive model included the variables intentional self-harm, mREMS score, and intubation, compressive dressing and aluminized blanket interventions performed in the prehospital setting. Conclusion: The results of this research will assist professionals in identifying trauma patients at higher risk of dying in the emergency room so that early interventions can be implemented and more lives saved. In addition, the findings will facilitate managers in care planning, nursing staff sizing and training of these professionals focusing on the quality of trauma care.


Subject(s)
Workload , Emergency Nursing , Wounds and Injuries , Risk Factors , Mortality , Nursing , Emergency Medical Services
11.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 23(supl.1): e200011.SUPL.1, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1126062

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar o efeito do uso de capacete na gravidade de lesões em condutores e passageiros de motocicletas envolvidos em acidentes de trânsito. Métodos: Estudo de corte seccional sobre vítimas de acidentes de transporte terrestre envolvendo motociclistas, atendidos nos serviços de urgência e emergência e participantes do Inquérito de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes (Viva Inquérito) 2017. Resultados: Verificou-se predomínio de indivíduos na faixa de 18 a 29 anos (46,6%), negros (75,2%) e com ensino médio (50,6%). Em 14,1% dos acidentes houve relato de uso de álcool. O uso do capacete reduziu em 76% a ocorrência de trauma cranioencefálico e em 28% a ocorrência de encaminhamento para outro hospital, internação ou óbito. Conclusão: Motociclistas jovens, negros, de baixa escolaridade e do sexo masculino apresentaram-se mais vulneráveis aos acidentes. O uso do capacete mostrou-se protetor para lesões graves.


ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the effect of helmet use on injury severity among motorcyclists and passengers involved in traffic accidents. Methods: Cross-sectional study of traffic accidents involving motorcyclists attended at the emergency healthcare units participating in the Violence and Accidents Survey Conducted in Sentinel Emergency Departments (Viva Survey) 2017. Results: There was a predominance of individuals aged 18 to 29 years old (46.6%), black (75.2%), with high school education (50.6%). Alcohol use was observed in 14.1% of cases. Helmet use was associated with a 76% reduction in the occurrence of head trauma and a 28% reduction in the referral, hospitalization or death. Conclusion: Young, male, black individuals and those with low education were the most frequent victims of accidents. Helmet use was protective for severe injuries.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Motorcycles , Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data , Head Protective Devices/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Wounds and Injuries/prevention & control , Brazil/epidemiology , Trauma Severity Indices , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
12.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 47: e20202408, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1136571

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o perfil epidemiológico das vítimas de trauma atendidas em um hospital de referência no município de Curitiba (PR), bem como investigar os mecanismos do trauma, além de avaliar os escores de gravidade. Métodos: estudo descritivo observacional transversal, cujos dados foram obtidos através da aplicação de questionário em vítimas atendidas na sala de emergência, entre dezembro de 2016 e fevereiro de 2018. Resultados: foram incluídos no estudo 1354 vítimas de trauma, das quais 60% tiveram como transporte pré-hospitalar o Serviço Integrado de Atendimento ao Trauma em Emergência (SIATE), e 40%, o Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU). Quanto ao sexo, 70% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino. A média de idade foi de 39,48 anos. Sobre o horário e dia dos atendimentos, a maior proporção se concentrou no período noturno na sexta-feira. Quanto ao mecanismo do trauma, nos pacientes atendidos pelo SIATE, o mais frequente em homens foi a colisão de motocicleta (34,3%), enquanto que em mulheres foi a queda de mesmo nível (21,42%). Já no SAMU, o mecanismo mais frequente independentemente do sexo foi queda de mesmo nível (20,06% e 40,66%, respectivamente). Analisando-se os escores de gravidade, observou-se que 95,5% dos pacientes eram classificados como leves pela escala de coma de Glasgow. Conclusões: o perfil das vítimas analisadas neste grande estudo muito se assemelha a outros estudos nacionais menores: homens, jovens, vítimas de acidentes de trânsito. A população economicamente ativa, portanto, é a mais afetada, refletindo em alto custo para a sociedade.


ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the epidemiological profile of trauma patients admitted to a referral hospital in Curitiba (PR). Also, to investigate trauma mechanisms and to evaluate trauma severity scores. Methods: descriptive observational cross-sectional study. Data were collected by applying a questionnaire to victims admitted in the emergency room from December 2016 to February 2018. Results: a total of 1354 trauma victims were included in the study, of which 60% were transported by SIATE and 40% by SAMU. Regarding gender, 70% of the patients were male. The mean age was 39.48 years. About the time and day of the calls, the largest proportion was concentrated on Friday night. In relation to the mechanism of trauma, in patients transported by SIATE, the most frequent in men was motorcycle collision (34.3%), while in women was same-level fall (21.42%). In SAMU, the most frequent mechanism regardless of gender was same-level fall (20.06% and 40.66%, respectively). Analyzing the severity scores, it was observed that 95.5% of the patients were classified as mild by the Glasgow Coma Scale. Conclusion: the profile of trauma victims analyzed in this large study is quite similar to what other national smaller studies have already described: young men victims of traffic accidents. Therefore, the economically active population is the most affected, reflecting in high cost to society.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Wounds and Injuries/etiology , Injury Severity Score , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Wounds and Injuries/therapy , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Assessment , Hospitals, University , Middle Aged
13.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 47: e20202533, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1136597

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: to trauma quality indicators as a tool to identify opportunities of improvement in elderly trauma patient's' treatment. Methods: prospective analysis of data collected between 2014-2015, and stored in the iTreg software (by Ecossistemas). Trauma victims, aged older than 60 years and trauma quality indicators were assessed, based on those supported by SBAIT in 2013: (F1) Acute subdural hematoma drainage after 4 hours from admission, in patients with GCS<9; (F2) emergency room transference without definitive airway and GCS <9; (F3) Re-intubation within 48 hours from extubation; (F4) Admission-laparotomy time greater than 60 min. in hemodynamically uinstable patients with abdominal bleeding; (F5) Unprogrammed reoperation; (F6) Laparotomy after 4 hours from admission; (F7) Unfixed femur diaphyseal fracture; (F8) Non-operative treatment for abdominal gunshot; (F9) Admission-tibial exposure fracture treatment time greater than 6 hours; (F10) Surgery after 24 from admission. The indicators, treatments, adverse effects and deaths were analyzed, using the SPSS software, and the chi-squared and Fisher tests were used to calculate the statistical relevance. Results: from the 92 cases, 36 (39,1%) had complications and 15 (16,3%) died. The adequate use of quality indicator's were substantially different among those who survived (was of 12%) compared to those who died (55,6%). The incidence of complications was of 77,8% (7/9) in patients with compromised indicators and 34,9% (28/83) in those without (p=0.017). Conclusions: trauma quality indicators are directly related with the occurrence of complications and deaths, in elderly trauma patients.


RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a utilidade de "filtros de qualidade" pré-estabelecidos para a identificação de oportunidades de melhora no atendimento ao idoso traumatizado. Método: análise prospectiva dos dados coletados entre 2014-2015 e armazenados em software iTreg (Ecossistemas). Foram revisados vítimas de trauma maiores de 60 anos e filtros de qualidade propostos, baseados naqueles idealizados pela SBAIT em 2013: (F1) Drenagem de hematoma subdural agudo após 4 horas da admissão em pacientes com ECG<9; (F2) transferência da sala de emergência sem via aérea definitiva e ECG<9; (F3) Reintubação em até 48 horas da extubação; (F4) Tempo admissão-laparotomia exploradora maior que 60 min. em pacientes instáveis com foco abdominal; (F5) Reoperação não programada; (F6) Laparotomia após 4 horas da admissão; (F7) Fratura de diáfise de fémur não fixada; (F8) Tratamento não operatório de ferimento abdominal por PAF; (F9) Tempo admissão-tratamento de fraturas expostas de tíbia superior a 6 horas; (F10) Operação após 24 horas da admissão. Foi analisada relação dos filtros com tratamentos, complicações e óbitos, pelo software SPSS, utilizando-se o teste qui-quadrado e Fisher para calcular a relevância estatística. Resultados: dos 92 casos, 36 (39,1%) tiveram complicações e 15 (16,3%) morreram. A frequência da quebra dos filtros foi de 12% em pacientes que sobreviveram e 55,6% nos entre os que faleceram (p=0,005). A incidência de complicações foi de 77,8% (7/9) nos doentes com FQ comprometido, contra 34,9% (28/83) nos não comprometidos (p=0,017). Conclusões: o comprometimento dos filtros de qualidade se relaciona diretamente com a ocorrência de complicações e óbitos em idosos traumatizados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Trauma Centers/standards , Wounds and Injuries/surgery , Hematoma, Subdural, Acute/surgery , Airway Extubation , Laparotomy , Attention , General Surgery , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Hemorrhage , Middle Aged
14.
Chinese Journal of Traumatology ; (6): 224-232, 2020.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-827831

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE@#The mortality rate for severely injured patients with the injury severity score (ISS) ≥16 has decreased in Germany. There is robust evidence that mortality is influenced not only by the acute trauma itself but also by physical health, age and sex. The aim of this study was to identify other possible influences on the mortality of severely injured patients.@*METHODS@#In a matched-pair analysis of data from Trauma Register DGU®, non-surviving patients from Germany between 2009 and 2014 with an ISS≥16 were compared with surviving matching partners. Matching was performed on the basis of age, sex, physical health, injury pattern, trauma mechanism, conscious state at the scene of the accident based on the Glasgow coma scale, and the presence of shock on arrival at the emergency room.@*RESULTS@#We matched two homogeneous groups, each of which consisted of 657 patients (535 male, average age 37 years). There was no significant difference in the vital parameters at the scene of the accident, the length of the pre-hospital phase, the type of transport (ground or air), pre-hospital fluid management and amounts, ISS, initial care level, the length of the emergency room stay, the care received at night or from on-call personnel during the weekend, the use of abdominal sonographic imaging, the type of X-ray imaging used, and the percentage of patients who developed sepsis. We found a significant difference in the new injury severity score, the frequency of multi-organ failure, hemoglobine at admission, base excess and international normalized ratio in the emergency room, the type of accident (fall or road traffic accident), the pre-hospital intubation rate, reanimation, in-hospital fluid management, the frequency of transfusion, tomography (whole-body computed tomography), and the necessity of emergency intervention.@*CONCLUSION@#Previously postulated factors such as the level of care and the length of the emergency room stay did not appear to have a significant influence in this study. Further studies should be conducted to analyse the identified factors with a view to optimising the treatment of severely injured patients. Our study shows that there are significant factors that can predict or influence the mortality of severely injured patients.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Accidents , Classification , Age Factors , Blood Transfusion , Data Analysis , Emergency Medical Services , Fluid Therapy , Germany , Epidemiology , Hemoglobins , International Normalized Ratio , Intubation , Matched-Pair Analysis , Multiple Organ Failure , Registries , Sex Factors , Survival Rate , Trauma Severity Indices , Wounds and Injuries , Mortality
15.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 58(4): e857, oct.-dic. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1126388

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: El trauma accidental o intencional es la causa número uno de muerte en personas jóvenes. Objetivo: Evaluar la capacidad pronóstica en la predicción de la muerte de índices pronóstico en pacientes con trauma abdominal cerrado. Métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio observacional y descriptivo con fases analíticas en un universo de 72 pacientes con trauma abdominal cerrado en el Hospital Universitario "Celia Sánchez Manduley", Manzanillo, Granma, entre enero de 2016 a diciembre 2017. Los datos fueron procesados en el sistema Excel, construyéndose la curva de características operativas del receptor para el análisis de la efectividad de los índices pronósticos. Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes masculinos (70,83 por ciento) con una edad media de 43,31 años. El bazo fue el órgano más lesionado (5,56 por ciento) y el shock séptico la principal causa directa de la muerte (4,17 por ciento). El índice de severidad de lesiones, la escala revisada de trauma, la escala CRAMS y la metodología TRISS resultaron en una sensibilidad, de predicción de la muerte, de 91,02 por ciento, 87,5 por ciento, 83,5 por ciento y 95,8 por ciento respectivamente a un punto de corte de 25 puntos, 6 puntos, 7 puntos y hasta 19 por ciento respectivamente. Conclusiones: La metodología TRISS resultó ser el índice pronóstico de mayor sensibilidad y en consecuencia el más recomendado para la práctica clínica habitual(AU)


ABSTRACT Introduction: Accidental or intentional trauma is the leading cause of death among young people. Objective: To evaluate the mortality prediction capacity of prognostic indexes in patients with closed abdominal trauma. Methods: An observational and descriptive study with analytical phases was developed in a population of 72 patients with closed abdominal trauma, at Celia Sánchez Manduley University Hospital in Manzanillo, Granma Province, between January 2016 and December 2017. The data were processed in the Excel system, and the receiver operating characteristics curve was constructed to analyze the effectiveness of the prognostic indexes. Results: There was a predominance of male patients (70.83 percent) with a mean age of 43.31 years old. The spleen was the most injured organ (5.56 percent). The septic shock was the main direct cause of death (4.17 percent). The injury severity index, the revised trauma scale, the CRAMS scale, and the TRISS methodology produced a mortality prediction sensitivity of 91.02 percent, 87.5 percent, 83.5 percent, and 95.8 percent, respectively, at a cut point of 25, 6, and 7 points, and up to 19 percent, respectively. Conclusions: The TRISS methodology turned out to be the prognostic index with the highest sensitivity and, consequently, the most recommended for routine clinical practice(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Wounds and Injuries , Abdominal Injuries/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Observational Studies as Topic
16.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 35(8): e00250218, 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019616

ABSTRACT

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a tendência do número de mortos, feridos graves e feridos leves por acidentes de trânsito nas rodovias federais brasileiras, segundo macrorregião, antes e depois do início da Década de Ação pela Segurança no Trânsito (DAST). Trata-se de estudo de séries temporais interrompidas com dados sobre acidentes com vítimas, fatais ou feridas, disponibilizados pela Polícia Rodoviária Federal para o período de 2007 a 2017. Utilizou-se o método de Prais-Winsten para o cálculo da variação percentual mensal (VPM) do número de mortos, feridos graves e feridos leves. Antes da DAST, havia uma tendência de aumento mensal do número de mortos nesses acidentes no país (VPM de 0,71%) e em todas as regiões, com destaque para o Sul (VPM de 1,01%) e Centro-oeste (VPM de 0,84%). Verificou-se tendência inversa após o início da DAST, com diminuição significante no Brasil (VPM de -1,24%) e macrorregiões. Para cada pessoa que morre em um acidente em rodovia federal, há, pelo menos, 12 outras, em média, que sofrem lesões não fatais. Houve tendência de aumento do número de vítimas com ferimentos graves (VPM de 0,53%) e leves (VPM de 0,8%) no Brasil e nas macrorregiões no período que antecedeu a DAST. Após a introdução da DAST, houve uma tendência de diminuição nas frequências absolutas significantes desses desfechos nos níveis nacional e regional. Conclui-se que, antes da DAST, houve tendência de aumento mensal do número de vítimas fatais e feridas por acidentes de trânsito nas rodovias federais. Após o início da DAST, em 2011, observou-se tendência inversa, ou seja, de declínio desses desfechos nos locais estudados.


Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la tendencia del número de muertos, heridos graves y heridos leves por accidentes de tráfico en las carreteras federales brasileñas, según macrorregión, antes y después del inicio de la Década de Acción por la Seguridad en el Tráfico (DAST). Se trata de un estudio de series temporales interrumpidas con datos sobre accidentes con víctimas, fatales o heridas, reveladas al público por la Policía de Carreteras Federal para el período de 2007 a 2017. Se utilizó el método de Prais-Winsten para el cálculo de la variación de porcentaje mensual (VPM) del número de muertos, heridos graves y heridos leves. Antes de la DAST, había una tendencia de aumento mensual del número de muertos en esos accidentes en el país (VPM de 0,71%) y en todas las regiones, resaltando la Sur (VPM de 1,01%) y Centro-oeste (VPM de 0,84%). Se verificó una tendencia inversa tras el comienzo de la DAST, con una disminución significativa en Brasil (VPM de -1,24%) y en sus macrorregiones. Por cada persona que muere en un accidente en una carretera federal, hay por lo menos otras 12, de media, que sufren lesiones no fatales. Hubo tendencia de aumento en el número de víctimas con heridas graves (VPM de 0,53%) y leves (VPM de 0,8%) en Brasil y en las macrorregiones durante el período que precedió la DAST. Tras la introducción de la DAST, hubo una tendencia de disminución en las frecuencias absolutas significativas de esos desenlaces en los niveles nacional y regional. Se concluye que antes de la DAST hubo una tendencia de aumento mensual en el número de víctimas fatales y heridas por accidentes de tráfico en las carreteras federales. Tras el inicio de la DAST, en 2011, se observó una tendencia inversa, o sea, de declive de esos desenlaces en los lugares estudiados.


Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the trend in the number of fatalities, severe injuries, and minor injuries from traffic accidents on Brazil's federal highways according to the country's major geographic regions before and after the start of the Decade of Action for Road Safety (DARS). This was an interrupted time series study of data on accidents with fatal or injured victims provided by the Brazilian Federal Highway Police from 2007 to 2017. The Prais-Winsten method was used to calculate the monthly percentage change (MPC) in the number of fatalities, severe injuries, and minor injuries. Before the DARS, there was an upward monthly trend in the number of fatalities in these accidents in the country as a whole (MPC 0.71%) and in all five regions, especially in the South (MPC 1.01%) and Central-West (MPC 0.84%). There was an inverse trend after the start of the DARS, with a significant decrease in Brazil as a whole (MPC -1.24%) and in the major geographic regions. For each person that dies in an accident on a federal highway, at least 12 others suffer non-fatal injuries. There was an upward trend in the number of victims with severe injuries (MPC 0.53%) and minor injuries (MPC 0.8%) in Brazil and in the major geographic regions in the period prior to the DARS. After the start of the DARS, there was a significant downward trend in the absolute frequencies of these outcomes at the national and regional levels. In conclusion, before the DARS, there was an upward monthly trend in the number of fatal and injured victims of traffic accidents on Brazil's federal highways. After the start of the DARS, in 2011, there was an inverse trend, namely a decline in these outcomes in the country.


Subject(s)
Humans , Wounds and Injuries/prevention & control , Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control , Government Programs , Wounds and Injuries/mortality , Brazil/epidemiology , Accidents, Traffic/legislation & jurisprudence , Accidents, Traffic/mortality , Trauma Severity Indices , Safety Management , Interrupted Time Series Analysis , Accident Prevention/legislation & jurisprudence
17.
São Paulo; s.n; 2019. 175 p
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1397629

ABSTRACT

Introdução: os índices de trauma são ferramentas metodológicas essenciais para estratificação da gravidade e previsão de desfechos de vítimas de trauma. Analisar o desempenho dos índices na predição de complicações e mortalidade hospitalar é fundamental para auxiliar no alcance e manutenção da qualidade da assistência. Objetivo: avaliar o desempenho de índices de gravidade na predição de complicações e mortalidade de vítimas de trauma durante a internação hospitalar. Método: estudo de coorte retrospectivo, realizado por meio da análise de prontuários de vítimas de trauma, com idade 16 anos, atendidas entre 2017 e 2018 em um hospital privado da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. As variáveis analisadas contemplaram dados sociodemográficos, informações relacionadas ao evento traumático, ao atendimento hospitalar e à ocorrência de complicações (gerais, infecciosas e não infecciosas) e mortalidade, além dos índices de gravidade Injury Severity Score (ISS), New Injury Severity Score (NISS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), modified Rapid Emergency Medicine (mREMS), Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS), New Trauma and Injury Severity Score (NTRISS), TRISS-like, NTRISS-like, TRISS SpO2 e NTRISS-like SpO2. Os testes Exato de Fisher e Qui- Quadrado de Pearson, além de Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves e análise da área sob a curva (AUC), foram realizados, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: a casuística foi composta por 837 pacientes (62,0% homens; idade média 51,3 anos). As quedas (44,7%) prevaleceram na amostra. As médias dos índices RTS, mREMS, ISS e NISS foram: 7,7 (±0,7), 2,3 (±2,4), 7,9 (±6,7) e 10,7 (±9,2), respectivamente. Com exceção do TRISS SpO2 (87,3±16,0), a média de probabilidade de sobrevida prevista em todos os demais índices mistos foi superior a 96,0%. Aproximadamente 17,0% das vítimas tiveram complicação, com destaque às não infecciosas (n=128), especialmente delirium (n=41) e lesão renal aguda (n=34). A taxa de mortalidade hospitalar foi de 2,9%. Houve diferença significativa entre o desfecho clínico dos pacientes e a ocorrência de complicações em geral (p<0,001) e não infecciosas (p<0,001). Na análise do desempenho dos índices para cada tipo de complicação infecciosa e não infecciosa avaliada individualmente, observou-se que os valores preditivos positivos (VPP) foram sempre muito baixos, contraindicando a sua aplicação na prática clínica. Na predição de complicações em geral (n=141) e não infecciosas (n=128), o TRISS (AUC 0,793 e 0,787, respectivamente) e o NTRISS (AUC 0,792 e 0,783, respectivamente) apresentaram os melhores desempenhos, com aumento importante dos VPP. Para os desfechos complicações infecciosas e mortalidade, nenhum dos índices apresentou boa capacidade preditiva nessa amostra, dados os VPP baixos. Conclusão: O TRISS e o NTRISS apresentaram melhor desempenho na predição de complicações em geral e não infecciosas dos pacientes da amostra. Considerando que o TRISS é um índice reconhecido e aplicado mundialmente, sugere-se seu uso na predição desses desfechos em vítimas de trauma atendidas em instituição privada, cujos resultados podem auxiliar em estratégias de programas de prevenção, pautados no melhor custo-benefício e na segurança do doente.


Introduction: trauma scores are essential methodological tools to stratify the severity and to predict the outcomes of trauma victims. Analyzing the score performance in predicting complications and hospital mortality is fundamental to aid in achieving and maintaining the quality of care. Objective: to evaluate the performance of the severity scores in predicting the complications and mortality of trauma victims during hospitalization. Method: retrospective cohort study conducted by analysis of records of trauma victims, aging 16 years old, attended between 2017 and 2018 in a private hospital at São Paulo city, Brazil. The analyzed variables included sociodemographic data; information related to the trauma event, the hospital attendance, and the occurrence of complications (general, infectious, and noninfectious); and mortality; besides the severity scores Injury Severity Score (ISS), New Injury Severity Score (NISS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), modified Rapid Emergency Medicine (mREMS), Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS), New Trauma and Injury Severity Score (NTRISS), TRISS-like, NTRISS-like, TRISS SpO2, and NTRISS-like SpO2. Fisher's Exact Test and Pearson's Chi-Square Test, besides Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves and area the under curve analysis (AUC), were performed, with a 5% significance level. Results: the sample was composed by 837 patients (62.0% males; mean age of 51.3 years old). Falls (44.7%) prevailed in the sample. The mean RTS, mREMS, ISS, and NISS scores were: 7.7 (±0.7), 2.3 (±2.4), 7.9 (±6.7), and 10.7 (±9.2), respectively. Except for TRISS SpO2 (87.3±16.0), the mean survival probability predicted in all other mixed scores was higher than 96.0%. Approximately 17.0% of the victims presented a complication, highlighting the non-infectious ones (n=128), especially delirium (n=41) and acute kidney injury (n=34). The hospital mortality score was 2.9%. There was a significant difference between the clinical outcome of the patients and occurrence of general (p <0.001) and non-infectious (p <0.001) complications. In the score performance analysis individually assessed for each infectious and non-infectious complication, it was verified that the positive predictive values (PPV) were always very low, contraindicating their application in the clinical practice. In the prediction of general (n=141) and non-infectious (n=128) complications, TRISS (AUC of 0.793 and 0.787, respectively) and NTRISS (AUC of 0.792 and 0.783, respectively) presented the best performances, with a significant increase in PPV. For the outcomes infectious complications and mortality, no score presented good predictive capability in this sample, considering the low PPV. Conclusion: TRISS and NTRISS presented better performance in predicting general and non-infectious complications in the patients in the sample. Considering that TRISS is a recognized score that is applied worldwide, its use is suggested to predict such outcomes in trauma victims in private institutions, which results might aid in prevention program strategies, guided by the best costbenefit and the patient safety.


Subject(s)
Wounds and Injuries , Nursing , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Mortality
18.
São Paulo; s.n; 2019. 122 p
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1398228

ABSTRACT

Introdução: há muito tempo se discute a definição do nível de gravidade do trauma, o qual pode ser determinado por índices de trauma. Atualmente, existem diversos índices na literatura que, em sua maioria, analisam a probabilidade de sobrevida (Ps) das vítimas de trauma. Entretanto, são escassos os estudos que utilizam os índices de trauma como preditores de admissão e mortalidade de traumatizados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), o que justifica a relevância desta pesquisa. Objetivo: avaliar a capacidade dos índices de gravidade do trauma na predição de admissão e mortalidade na UTI de doentes traumatizados. Método: coorte retrospectiva realizada por meio da análise de prontuários de pacientes atendidos entre 2014-2017 em hospital privado de São Paulo. Os critérios de inclusão dos doentes foram: ser vítima de trauma contuso ou penetrante, ter idade 18 anos e ser admitido no hospital em até 24 horas do evento traumático. Foram analisados os índices Revised Trauma Score (RTS), New Trauma Score (NTS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), New Injury Severity Score (NISS), Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS), New Trauma and Injury Severity Score (NTRISS), Base-deficit Injury Severity Score (BISS) e Base- deficit and New Injury Severity Score (BNISS). Os testes Qui-Quadrado de Pearson, Exato de Fisher, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney e Brunner-Munzel, além de Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves e área sob a curva (AUC) foram utilizados nas análises (nível de significância de 5%). Resultados: a casuística foi composta por 747 pacientes, a maioria do sexo feminino (52,5%) e média de idade de 51,5 (±21,3) anos. O mecanismo de trauma contuso (89,4%) e as quedas (36,1%) prevaleceram. As médias do RTS, NTS, mREMS, ISS e NISS foram 7,8 (±0,3), 10,5 (±0,5), 2,1 (±2,3), 3,4 (±5,5) e 4,3 (±7,1), respectivamente. A média da Ps indicada pelos índices TRISS e NTRISS superou 98,0%. O BNISS apresentou menor média (78,8%) de Ps que o BISS (82,9%). Um total de 106 pacientes foi admitido na UTI. Houve diferença significativa (p<0,050) entre os grupos (pacientes admitidos versus não admitidos na UTI) em relação às variáveis sexo, idade, mecanismo do trauma, causa externa, atendimento pré-hospitalar e gravidade segundo RTS, NTS, mREMS, ISS, NISS, TRISS e NTRISS. Os índices ISS (AUC 0,919) e NISS (AUC 0,916) apresentaram melhor capacidade preditiva para admissão dos pacientes na UTI. A análise comparativa dos grupos (100 sobreviventes e 6 não sobreviventes na UTI) mostrou diferença significativa (p<0,050) entre eles em relação aos índices NTS, mREMS, ISS, NISS, TRISS, NTRISS, BISS e BNISS. O NISS (AUC 0,949), TRISS (AUC 0,909), NTRISS (AUC 0,967), BISS (AUC 0,902) e BNISS (AUC 0,976) apresentaram excelente desempenho na predição de mortalidade dos pacientes da UTI. Conclusão: os índices anatômicos apresentaram melhor capacidade preditiva para admissão na UTI. Em relação à mortalidade, o NISS e os índices mistos tiveram os melhores desempenhos. Por fim, aplicar o índice de trauma mais assertivo para admissão e mortalidade na UTI tem potencial para auxiliar os profissionais em processos decisórios sobre alocação de recursos e estratégias para melhoria da qualidade da assistência aos pacientes.


Introduction: Historically, we defined the severity level of trauma using trauma indices. Currently, several indices in the literature analyze the probability of survival (Ps) of trauma victims. However, there are few studies that use trauma indices as predictors of the admission and mortality of traumatized patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), which justifies the relevance of this research. Objective: to evaluate the ability of trauma severity indices to predict admission and mortality of trauma patients in the ICU. Method: a retrospective cohort study conducted through the analysis of medical records of patients attended between 20142017 in a private hospital in São Paulo. The inclusion criteria for patients were being a victim of blunt or penetrating trauma, aged 18 years and admitted to the hospital within 24 hours of the traumatic event. We analyzed the following indices: Revised Trauma Score (RTS), New Trauma Score (NTS), modified Rapid Emergency Score (mREMS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), New Injury Severity Score (NISS), Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS), New Trauma and Injury Severity Score (NTRISS), Base-Deficit Injury Severity Score (BISS) and Base-Deficit and New Injury Severity Score (BNISS). Pearsons chi-squared, Fishers exact, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and Brunner-Munzel tests, in addition to Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves and area under the curve (AUC), were used in the analysis (significance level of 5%). Results: The sample consisted of 747 patients, 52.5% females, with a mean age of 51.5 (± 21.3) years. The blunt trauma (89.4%) and falls (36.1%) prevailed. The averages of the index scores were as follows: RTS, 7.8 (±0.3), NTS, 10.5 (±0.5), mREMS, 2.1 (±2.3), ISS, 3.4 (±5.5) and NISS, 4.3 (±7.1). The mean Ps indicated by the TRISS and NTRISS indices exceeded 98.0%. The BNISS showed a lower mean (78.8%) of Ps than BISS (82.9%). A total of 106 patients were admitted to the ICU. There was a significant difference (P < .050) between the groups (patients admitted vs not admitted to the ICU) in relation to the variables gender, age, mechanism of trauma, external cause, pre-hospital care and severity according to RTS, NTS, mREMS, ISS, NISS, TRISS and NTRISS. The ISS (AUC 0.919) and NISS (AUC 0.916) indices presented better predictive capacity for ICU patient admission. The comparative analysis of the groups (100 survivors and 6 non-survivors in the ICU) showed a significant difference (p<.050) between them in relation to the NTS, mREMS, ISS, NISS, TRISS, NTRISS, BISS and BNISS indices. The NISS (AUC 0.949), TRISS (AUC 0.909), NTRISS (AUC 0.967), BISS (AUC 0.902) and BNISS (AUC 0.976) presented excellent performance in predicting the mortality of ICU patients. Conclusion: the anatomical indices presented better predictive capacity for ICU admission. In relation to mortality, NISS and the mixed indices had the best performances. Finally, applying the most assertive trauma index for admission and mortality in the ICU has the potential to help professionals in decision-making processes about resource allocation and strategies to improve the quality of patient care.


Subject(s)
Severity of Illness Index , Nursing , Critical Care , Wounds and Injuries , Mortality , Supplemental Health , Hospitals
19.
Chinese Journal of Traumatology ; (6): 69-74, 2019.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-771649

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE@#Amongst the ASEAN countries, Malaysia has the highest road fatality risk (>15 fatalities per 100 000 population) with 50% of these fatalities involving motorcyclist. This contributes greatly to ward admissions and poses a significant burden to the general surgery services. From mild rib fractures to severe intra-abdominal exsanguinations, the spectrum of cases managed by surgeons resulting from motorcycle accidents is extensive. The objective of this study is to report the clinical characteristics and identify predictors of death in motorcycle traumatic injuries from a Malaysian trauma surgery centre.@*METHODS@#This is a prospective cross-sectional study of all injured motorcyclists and pillion riders that were admitted to Hospital Sultanah Aminah and treated by the trauma surgery team from May 2011 to February 2015. Only injured motorcyclists and pillion riders were included in this study. Patient demography and predictors leading to mortality were identified. Significant predictors on univariate analysis were further analysed with multivariate analysis.@*RESULTS@#We included 1653 patients with a mean age of (35 ± 16.17) years that were treated for traumatic injuries due to motorcycle accidents. The mortality rate was 8.6% (142) with equal amount of motorcycle riders (788) and pillion riders (865) that were injured. Amongst the injured were male predominant (1 537) and majority of ethnic groups were the Malays (897) and Chinese (350). Severity of injury was reflected with a mean Revised Trauma Score (RTS) of 7.31 ± 1.29, New Injury Severity Score (NISS) of 19.84 ± 13.84 and Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) of 0.91 ± 0.15. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that age≥35, lower GCS, head injuries, chest injuries, liver injuries, and small bowel injuries were significant predictors of motorcycle trauma related deaths with p < 0.05. Higher trauma severity represented by NISS, RTS and TRISS scores was also significant for death with p < 0.05.@*CONCLUSION@#Age, lower GCS, presence of head, chest, liver, small bowel injuries and higher severity on NISS, RTS and TRISS scores are predictive of death in patients involved with motorcycle accidents. This information is important for prognostic mortality risk prevention and counselling.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Accidents, Traffic , Mortality , Age Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Forecasting , Malaysia , Epidemiology , Motorcycles , Trauma Severity Indices , Wounds and Injuries , Epidemiology
20.
Chinese Journal of Traumatology ; (6): 125-128, 2019.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-771632

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE@#To examine the relationships between emergency department length of stay (EDLOS) with hospital length of stay (HLOS) and clinical outcome in hemodynamically stable trauma patients.@*METHODS@#Prospective data collected for 2 years from consecutive trauma patients admitted to the trauma resuscitation bay. Only stable blunt trauma patients with appropriate trauma triage criteria requiring trauma team activation were included in the study. EDLOS was determined short if patient spent less than 2 h in the emergency department (ER) and long for more than 2 h.@*RESULTS@#A total of 248 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean total EDLOS was 125 min (range 78-180). Injury severity score (ISS) were significantly higher in the long EDLOS group (17 ± 13 versus 11 ± 9, p < 0.001). However, when leveled according to ISS, there were no differences in mean in diagnostic workup, admission rate to intensive care unit (ICU) or HLOS between the short and long EDLOS groups.@*CONCLUSION@#EDLOS is not a significant parameter for HLOS in stable trauma patients.


Subject(s)
Emergency Service, Hospital , Hospitals , Intensive Care Units , Israel , Length of Stay , Patient Admission , Patient Outcome Assessment , Time Factors , Trauma Severity Indices , Wounds and Injuries
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