Bedside echocardiography to predict mortality of COVID-19 patients beyond clinical data: Data from the PROVAR-COVID study

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Cardiac involvement seems to impact prognosis of COVID-19, being more frequent in critically ill patients. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, evaluated by bedside echocardiography (echo), in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. METHODS: Patients admitted in 2 reference hospitals in Brazil from Jul to Sept/2020 with confirmed COVID-19 and moderate/severe presentations underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation, and focused bedside echo (GE Vivid-IQ), at the earliest convenience, with remote interpretation. The association between demographics, clinical comorbidities and echo variables with all-cause hospital mortality was assessed, and factors significant at p<0.10 were put into multivariable models. RESULTS: Total 163 patients were enrolled, 59% were men, mean age 64±16 years, and 107 (66%) were admitted to intensive care. Comorbidities were present in 144 (88%) patients: hypertension 115 (71%), diabetes 61 (37%) and heart failure 22 (14%). In-hospital mortality was 34% (N=56). In univariate analysis, echo variables significantly associated with death were: LV ejection fraction (LVEF, OR=0.94), RV fractional area change (OR=0.96), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE, OR=0.83) and RV dysfunction (OR=5.3). In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for clinical and demographic variables, independent predictors of mortality were age≥63 years (OR=5.53, 95%CI 1.52-20.17), LVEF<64% (OR=7.37, 95%CI 2.10-25.94) and TAPSE<18.5 mm (OR=9.43, 95% CI 2.57-35.03), and the final model had good discrimination, with C-statistic=0.83 (95%CI 0.75-0.91). CONCLUSION: Markers of RV and LV dysfunction assessed by bedside echo are independent predictors of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, after adjustment for clinical variables.

Sexual dysfunction and dissatisfaction in chronic hepatitis C patients

Introduction The prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) and dissatisfaction with sexual life (DSL) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection (CHC) was jointly investigated via a thorough psychopathological analysis, which included dimensions such as fatigue, impulsiveness, psychiatric comorbidity, health-related quality of life (HRQL) and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Methods Male and female CHC patients from an outpatient referral center were assessed using the Brief Fatigue Inventory, the Barrat Impulsiveness Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF). Structured psychiatric interviews were performed according to the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. SD was assessed based on specific items in the BDI (item 21) and the HAM-A (item 12). DSL was assessed based on a specific question in the WHOQOL-BREF (item 21). Multivariate analysis was performed according to an ordinal linear regression model in which SD and DSL were considered as outcome variables. Results SD was reported by 60 (57.1%) of the patients according to the results of the BDI and by 54 (51.4%) of the patients according to the results of the HAM-A. SD was associated with older age, female gender, viral genotype 2 or 3, interferon-α use, impulsiveness, depressive symptoms, antidepressant and benzodiazepine use, and lower HRQL. DSL was reported by 34 (32.4%) of the patients and was associated with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, antidepressant use, and lower HRQL. Conclusions The prevalence of SD and DSL in CHC patients was high and was associated with factors, such as depressive symptoms and antidepressant use. Screening and managing these conditions represent significant steps toward improving medical assistance and the HRQL of CHC patients. .

Health related quality of life among patients with chronic hepatitis C: a cross-sectional study of sociodemographic, psychopathological and psychiatric determinants

INTRODUCTION: Chronic hepatitis C virus infection patients have higher rates of psychiatric disorders than the general population. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is known to be associated with impaired health related quality of life. To our knowledge, there is no previous research of health related quality of life in chronic hepatitis C patients that combined structured psychiatric interview and careful psychopathological evaluation, including depression, anxiety and fatigue instruments. The aim of this study was to evaluate health related quality of life of chronic hepatitis C patients and to investigate the association with sociodemographic, psychopathological and psychiatric factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-one individuals with chronic hepatitis C virus infection receiving care at a Brazilian public university-based outpatient service for infectious diseases were enrolled in the study. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Brief Version was used to assess health related quality of life. Standard psychiatric interview (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus) was conducted to establish Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Axis I psychiatric diagnosis. Further instruments completed psychopathological investigation: Beck Depression Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Brief Fatigue Inventory, Hamilton Depression Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Pearson Chi-Square and Kruskal-Wallis were performed for categorical and continuous univariate analysis, respectively. Correlation between psychopathological and health related quality of life scores was performed according to Spearman's correlation. Multivariate analysis was performed according to stepwise forward ordinal logistic regression. The significance threshold was fixed at α = 0.05. RESULTS: Depressive disorders were associated with worse scores in overall health related quality of life and in all domains. Fatigue was associated with lower scores in physical and psychological domains, and married status with higher scores in psychological health related quality of life. We found strong correlation among scores of depression, fatigue and health related quality of life. CONCLUSION: Depression and fatigue must be properly investigated and managed in HCV patients in order to improve HRQL. WHOQOL-BREF proved to be a useful instrument to assess HRQL in HCV patients.

Ventilação mecânica não invasiva em pacientes com síndrome respiratória aguda grave, suspeitos de infecção por influenza A - H1N1: relato de casos / Non invasive mechanical ventilation in acute lung injury and swine-origin influenza A H1N1 suspicion: case report

Objetivo: Apresentar, através de relato de caso, a aplicação da ventilação mecânica não invasiva (VMNI) em pacientes com Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG), suspeitos de H1N1, internados no Centro de Terapia Intensiva (CTI) do Hospital Eduardo de Menezes (HEM). Materiais e Métodos: Quatro mulheres com idades entre 16 e 50 anos, com SRAG, foram submetidas à VMNI em ventiladores micro processados utilizando a máscara full face, com parâmetros mínimos a fim de melhorar a taquidispnéia e a queda da saturação de oxigênio, conforme protocolo criado pela equipe do CTI do HEM. Resultado: após aplicação da VMNI houve melhora do padrão respiratório e da saturação, observados clinicamente e através de gasometria e RX, menor permanência no CTI (3-5 dias), e não houve necessidade de intubação orotraqueal, diminuindo complicações e custos da mesma. Conclusão: Embora a VMNI tenha sido evidenciada como uma pratica controversa para os pacientes sob investigação de H1N1, neste relato de caso mostrou-se eficaz quando aplicado criteriosamente e bem indicado.(AU)

Objectives: To present, in a series of case reports, the use of non invasive ventilation (NIV) in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and swine-origin influenza A H1N1 suspicion, in Intensive Care Unit of Eduardo de Menezes Hospital (HEM). Materials and Methods: Four women, aged between 16 and 50, with ALI, underwent a protocol of NIV in micro processed ventilators, using full face mask and minimal parameters to obtain an improvement of tachidispnoea and drop of oxygen saturation; according to protocol created by UCI team. Results: There was an improvement of respiratory pattern and saturation, seen clinically and through arterial blood gas analyses and chest radiography; shorter stay in UCI (3-5 days), and there was no need of endotracheal intubation, decreasing complications and costs. Conclusion: Although NIV has been a controversial practice to patients under suspicion of swine-origin influenza, this case report showed efficacy when carefully applied and indicated.(AU)

Hyaluronic acid in the evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C on haemodialysis

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the role of HA as a marker of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C on haemodialysis. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study in which 52 patients were divided into two groups: Group 1: patients with hepatitis C and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing haemodialysis (n = 23); and Group 2: patients with hepatitis C without ESRD (n = 29). Plasma levels of HA were associated with histological data of the samples obtained by liver biopsy and classified by METAVIR group scoring system. RESULTS: Higher plasma levels were significantly correlated to significant liver fibrosis (METAVIR > F2). In Group 1, the HA cutoff to discriminate significant fibrosis was 984.8 ng/mL, with accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 80.8 percent, 83.0 percent, and 70.0 percent, respectively. In Group 2, the HA cutoff was 222.3 ng/mL, with accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 74.5 percent, 70.0 percent, and 94.0 percent, respectively. CONCLUSION: HA was an accurate noninvasive marker in predicting significant fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C on haemodialysis.

Schistosomiasis mansoni and severe gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus disease in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

The behavior of the Schistosoma mansoni infection in patients with AIDS has not been explored. The case of a young woman with schistosomiasis mansoni, AIDS, and cytomegalovirus disease is reported. The authors suggest that the helminth was not a bystander in this case, or rather, by interfering with the host's immune response, it set the stage for the development and/or aggravation of the viral infection.

O comportamento da infecção pelo Schistosoma mansoni não foi explorado em pacientes com AIDS. Relatamos aqui o caso de uma paciente com esquistossomose mansoni, AIDS, e doença pelo citomegalovírus. Os autores sugerem que o helminto não foi apenas um espectador neste caso, mas, que, ao interferir na resposta imune do hospedeiro, promoveu o surgimento e/ou agravamento da infecção causada pelo citomegalovírus.

Febre de origem indeterminada em adultos / Fever of unknown origin in adults

A febre de origem indeterminada clássica é definida pela presenca de temperatura axilar maior do que 37,8ºC, em várias ocasiões, pelo tempo mínimo de três semanas e que se mantém sem causa aparente após uma semana de investigacão hospitalar. Tal conceito vem sofrendo alteracões com o tempo e em decorrência das inovacões médicas. Em resposta à evolucão do conhecimento e às pressões ambientais, os casos de febre de origem indeterminada são atualmente classificados em quatro síndromes: clássica, nosocomial, no neutropênico, e no paciente infectado pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana. No presente artigo procuramos definir e atualizar as informacões sobre o assunto.

Histoplasmose disseminada simulando tuberculose miliar: relato de caso / Disseminated Histoplasmosis simulating miliary tuberculosis: a case report

A histoplasmose é uma doença fúngica causada pela inalação de esporos de Histoplasma capsulatum. A doença é rara em pacientes imunocompetentes. Nos pacientes imunocomprometidos a infecção é disseminada e grave. Relatamos o caso de um paciente de 45 anos de idade, portador de síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida, com perda de peso e dor abdominal. O radiograma e a tomografia computadorizada de tórax evidenciavam infiltração intersticial com micronódulos difusos. 0 diagnóstico inicial foi de tuberculose miliar, sendo posteriormente realizado o diagnóstico de histoplasmose miliar.