Trauma infantil e Transtorno de Personalidade Borderline : uma revisão integrativa da literatura / Childhood trauma and Borderline Personality Disorder: an integrative literature review

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar o conteúdo da produção de literatura no que diz respeito a relação entre trauma infantil e o diagnóstico de TPB na vida adulta, a fim de compreender as especificidades das bases etiológicas do TPB. Material e Métodos Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa onde realizou-se uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e Lilacs, utilizando os descritores "TRAUMA INFANTIL E TRANSTORNO DA PERSONALIDADE BORDERLINE" e "CHILDHOOD TRAUMA AND BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER". Foram incluídos os artigos completos publicados de 2011 a 2021 em jornais científicos, em língua portuguesa, espanhola e inglesa que retratavam a relação entre trauma infantil e o diagnóstico do TPB. Foram excluídos os artigos sem descrição metodológica explícita de definição da amostra TPB através de escalas validadas e/ou a partir dos critérios do DSM e os estudos de revisão. Resultados Foram identificados 423 artigos, e, após uma triagem, restaram 23 artigos elegíveis. 65,2% das obras incluídas foram estudos transversais e 34,8% estudos caso-controle. Todos os trabalhos abordaram abuso sexual, e, a maioria deles também abordou abuso físico (95,6%), abuso emocional (86,9%), negligência emocional (82,6%) e negligência física (78,2%). Todas as obras evidenciaram associação entre vivências traumáticas na infância e o diagnóstico de TPB. Conclusões O trauma infantil pode ser encarado como fator de risco para o diagnóstico de TPB, assim como associa-se com maior gravidade dos sintomas e pior prognóstico.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the content of the literature regarding the relationship between childhood trauma and the diagnosis of BPD in adulthood, in order to understand the specificities of the etiological bases of BPD. Material and Methods This is an integrative review where a search was carried out in PubMed, SciELO and Lilacs databases, using the descriptors "TRAUMA INFANTIL E TRANSTORNO DA PERSONALIDADE BORDERLINE" and "CHILDHOOD TRAUMA AND BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER". Full articles published from 2011 to 2021 in scientific journals in Portuguese, Spanish and English that portrayed the relationship between childhood trauma and the diagnosis of BPD were included. Articles without an explicit methodological description of the BPD sample definition through validated scales and/or based on the DSM criteria and review studies were excluded. Results 423 articles were identified, and, after screening, 23 eligible articles remained. 65.2% of the works included were cross-sectional studies and 34.8% were case-control studies. All studies addressed sexual abuse, and most of them also addressed physical abuse (95.6%), emotional abuse (86.9%), emotional neglect (82.6%) and physical neglect (78.2%). All the works showed an association between traumatic experiences in childhood and the diagnosis of BPD. Conclusions Childhood trauma can be seen as a risk factor for the diagnosis of BPD, as well as being associated with greater severity of symptoms and worse prognosis.

Microbial variations in sputum cultures among hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia: differences in sputum microbiota between asthma and COPD patients

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess differences in the sputum microbiota of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients with either COPD or asthma, specifically focusing on a patient population in Turkey. Methods: This retrospective study included hospitalized patients > 18 years of age with a diagnosis of pneumonia between January of 2021 and January of 2023. Participants were recruited from two hospitals, and three patient groups were considered: CAP patients with asthma, CAP patients with COPD, and CAP patients without COPD or asthma. Results: A total of 246 patients with CAP were included in the study, 184 (74.8%) and 62 (25.2%) being males and females, with a mean age of 66 ± 14 years. Among the participants, 52.9% had COPD, 14.2% had asthma, and 32.9% had CAP but no COPD or asthma. Upon analysis of sputum cultures, positive sputum culture growth was observed in 52.9% of patients. The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 40), Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 20), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 16), and Moraxella catarrhalis (n = 8). CAP patients with COPD were more likely to have a positive sputum culture (p = 0.038), a history of antibiotic use within the past three months (p = 0.03), utilization of long-term home oxygen therapy (p < 0.001), and use of noninvasive ventilation (p = 0.001) when compared with the other patient groups. Additionally, CAP patients with COPD had a higher CURB-65 score when compared with CAP patients with asthma (p = 0.004). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that CAP patients with COPD tend to have more severe presentations, while CAP patients with asthma show varied microbial profiles, underscoring the need for patient-specific management strategies in CAP.

Actualización sobre el síndrome de Eagle y sus complicaciones neurocardiológicas: casos clínicos / An update on Eagle´s syndrome and its neuro-cardiological complications: clinical cases

El síndrome de Eagle o síndrome estilohioideo o sín-drome de la arteria carótida es un trastorno que se origina por la mineralización y elongación del pro-ceso estiloides. Factores traumáticos agudos y cró-nicos, así como otras teorías, han sido propuestos para explicar la etiología y patogenia de esta altera-ción. El conjunto de síntomas puede incluir: dolor fa-ríngeo, odinofagia, disfagia, cefalea, con irradiación a oreja y zona cervical. Si bien existen varias clasifi-caciones, de manera universal se acepta que existen principalmente dos formas de presentación de esta patología: el tipo I o clásico, generalmente asociado a un trauma faríngeo y acompañado de dolor en la zona faríngea y cervical, y el tipo II o carotídeo, que sue-le presentar molestia cervical, cefalea y alteración de la presión arterial, con riesgo de daño de la ac-tividad cardíaca. La identificación de este síndrome suele ser confusa dada la similitud de los síntomas con otras afecciones. El diagnóstico debe realizarse en base a los síntomas y a los estudios por imágenes específicos. El tratamiento puede ser conservador y actuar simplemente sobre los síntomas, o bien, qui-rúrgico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una revisión actualizada de la literatura sobre el sín-drome de Eagle y presentar tres casos clínicos con distintas manifestaciones (AU)

Eagle's syndrome or styloid syndrome or stylo-carotid artery syndrome is a disease caused by mineralization and elongation of the styloid process. Acute and chronic traumatic factors, along with other hypothesis, have been proposed to explain the aetiology and pathogenesis of this condition. Symptoms can include: pharynx pain, odynophagia, dysphagia, headache, with radiating pain to the ear and neck. Despite there are several classifications, it is universally accepted that this pathology can present in two forms: the type I or classic, generally associated to tonsillar trauma and characterized by pharyngeal and neck pain, and the type II or carotid artery type, which frequently presents with neck pain, headache, blood pressure variation, with risk of damage to cardiac function. Identifying of Eagle's syndrome is often confusing because some symptoms are shared with other pathologies. Diagnosis must be made on the basis of symptoms and imaging studies. Treatment can be conservative, acting only on symptoms, or surgical. The aim of this paper is to provide an updated review of the literature on Eagle syndrome and to present three clinical cases with different manifestations (AU)

Evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis in obese patients with three noninvasive methods: Arterial stiffness, carotid intima-media thickness, and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction

ABSTRACT Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with obesity who had cardiovascular disease risk indicators such as arterial stiffness, which is evaluated using pulse wave velocity (PWV), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction such as endocan, ADAMTS97, and ADAMTS9. Subjects and methods: Sixty obese subjects, including 23 subjects with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40, 37 subjects with BMI ≥ 30 but < 40, and 60 age-and sex-matched control subjects, were included in our study. Serum endocan, ADAMTS97, and ADAMTS9 levels as well as PWV and CIMT measurements of the subjects in the obese and control groups were performed. Results: In the obesity group, PWV levels were significantly higher than they were in the control group and endocan levels were significantly lower than they were in the control group. When we compared the obese group with BMI ≥ 40 and the control group, the BMI ≥ 40 group had significantly higher PWV and CIMT levels than the control group had, whereas endocan, ADAMTS7, and ADAMTS9 levels were similar to those of the control group. When we compared the obese group with BMI ≥ 30 < 40 to the control group, endocan levels were lower in the group with BMI ≥ 30 < 40, and PWV and CIMT levels were similar to the control group. Conclusions: We found that arterial stiffness and CIMT increased in obese patients with BMI ≥ 40 and that increased arterial stiffness was associated with age, systolic blood pressure, and HBA1C. In addition, we found that the endocan levels were lower in obese patients than they were in nonobese control individuals.

Task force Guideline of Brazilian Society of Otology - hearing loss in children - Part II - Treatment

Abstract Objectives: To provide an overview of the main evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of hearing loss in children and adolescents aged 0-18 years. Methods: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on childhood hearing loss were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians' guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association's guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions. Results: The topics were divided into 2 parts: (1) treatment of sensorineural hearing loss: individual hearing aids, bilateral cochlear implants, cochlear implants in young children, unilateral hearing loss, and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder; and (2) treatment of conductive/mixed hearing loss: external/middle ear malformations, ventilation tube insertion, and tympanoplasty in children. Conclusions: In children with hearing loss, in addition to speech therapy, Hearing AIDS (HAs) or implantable systems may be indicated. Even in children with profound hearing loss, both the use of HAs and behavioral assessments while using the device are important.

Impact of coronavirus disease pandemic on performance and satisfaction, physical activity, and quality of life of the elderly

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the coronavirus disease pandemic in the elderly. METHODS: A total of 140 elderly with a mean age of 71.30±6.00 years (69 females, 71 males) who spent the coronavirus disease pandemic period at home were included. Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Visual Analog Scale (for pain intensity at rest and activity), International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, and EuroQol Five-Dimensional Questionnaire, Three-Level Version Health States were used in the evaluation. Two scores are obtained in Canadian Occupational Performance Measure: one for performance and one for satisfaction. EuroQol Five-Dimensional Questionnaire, Three-Level Version consists of two parts: EuroQol Five-Dimensional Questionnaire, Three-Level Version descriptive system and EuroQol Five-Dimensional Questionnaire, Three-Level Version Visual Analog Scale. RESULTS: While female gender (p=0.006, p=0.001), using walking assistant (p=0.001, p=0.001), being single/widow (p=0.031, p=0.007), and history of falling (p=0.004, p=0.001) made difference in Visual Analog Scale (rest, activity), female gender (p=0.013) and being single/widow (p=0.020) made difference in satisfaction scores of Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Female gender (p=0.001), using walking assistant (p=0.001), and history of falling (p=0.010) made difference in EuroQol Five-Dimensional Questionnaire, Three-Level Version descriptive system. In addition, performance scores of Canadian Occupational Performance Measure had a low correlation with Visual Analog Scale (rest r=-0.198, p=0.019; activity r=-0.188, p=0.026) and had a moderate correlation with EuroQol Five-Dimensional Questionnaire, Three-Level Version descriptive system (r=0.327, p=0.001) and EuroQol Five-Dimensional Questionnaire, Three-Level Version Visual Analog Scale (r=0.307, p=0.001). Satisfaction scores of Canadian Occupational Performance Measure had a low correlation with Visual Analog Scale (rest r=-0.247, p=0.003; activity r=-0.223, p=0.008) and had a moderate correlation with EuroQol Five-Dimensional Questionnaire, Three-Level Version descriptive system (r=0.399, p=0.001) and EuroQol Five-Dimensional Questionnaire, Three-Level Version Visual Analog Scale (r=0.306, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The elderly who were women, single/widowed, using walking assistant, and having a history of falling were more affected during the coronavirus disease period.

Resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer de recto y ano en el Hospital Español / Results of the surgical treatment of rectal and anal cancer in the Hospital Español / Resultados do tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de reto e ânus no Hospital Español

La cirugía del cáncer de recto y ano se ha desarrollado considerablemente en las últimas décadas. En función de dichos avances, se ha observado una disminución en la morbimortalidad operatoria, así como también una mejoría en el pronóstico de estos pacientes. El objetivo del presente estudio es exponer y analizar los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer de recto y ano en un servicio universitario. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo de todos los pacientes intervenidos por cáncer de recto y ano en el Hospital Español entre 2016 y 2020. Las variables registradas fueron: variables demográficas, clínico-oncológicas, relacionadas a la morbimortalidad operatoria y a la recidiva locorregional, y la sobrevida a 5 años. El procedimiento más realizado fue la resección anterior de recto (RAR) en 11 intervenciones (58%), mientras que las 8 restantes correspondieron a amputaciones abdominoperineales (AAP) (42%). Se diagnosticaron un total de 6 complicaciones intraoperatorias en 5 pacientes, siendo la perforación del tumor la más frecuente, y un total de 18 complicaciones postoperatorias en 11 pacientes, siendo la más frecuente la infección de la herida quirúrgica abdominal. La morbilidad operatoria mayor fue de 31,6% y la mortalidad operatoria a 90 días fue de 0%. La sobrevida global a 5 años fue de 63,2%. Los resultados quirúrgicos en la presente casuística fueron comparables con los de la bibliografía consultada. Destacamos la nula mortalidad a 90 días, con resultados oncológicos similares a los reportados en la literatura.

Rectal and anus surgery have been developed considerably in the last decades. Based on these advancements, it has been observed a decrease in the surgical morbidity and mortality, as well as an improved prognosis of these patients. The aim of the present study is to expose and analyze the results of the anus and rectal surgical treatment in a university service. An observational, descriptive and retrospective study was performed of all the intervened patients for rectum and anus cancer in the Hospital Español between 2016 and 2020. We recorded data about demographic, clinical-oncologic, related to the surgical morbidity and mortality, locoregional relapse and overall 5 year survival. The most performed procedure was the rectum anterior resection in 11 interventions (58%), while the 8 left corresponded to abdominoperineal resection (42%). There was a total of 6 intraoperative complications diagnosed in 5 patients, being the tumor perforation the most frequent one, and a total of 18 postoperative complications diagnosed in 11 patients, being the surgical wound infection the most frequent one. The serious surgical morbidity was 31,6%, while the surgical mortality rate at 90 days was 0%. Overall 5 year survival was 63,2%. The surgical results in the present study about the rectum and anal cancer were comparable with the results reported on the consulted bibliography. We highlight the null mortality within 90 days, with oncologic results similar to the ones reported in the literature.

A cirurgia do câncer retal e anal desenvolveu-se consideravelmente nas últimas décadas. Com base nesses avanços, observou-se diminuição da morbimortalidade operatória, bem como melhora no prognóstico desses pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar e analisar os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de reto e anal em um serviço universitário. Foi realizado um estudo observacional, descritivo e retrospectivo de todos os pacientes operados por câncer de reto e ânus no Hospital Espanhol entre 2016 e 2020. As variáveis ​​registradas foram: variáveis ​​demográficas, clínico-oncológicas, relacionadas à morbidade e mortalidade operatórias e recorrência locorregional. , e sobrevida em 5 anos. O procedimento mais realizado foi a ressecção anterior do reto (RAR) em 11 intervenções (58%) e as 8 restantes corresponderam a amputações abdominoperineais (AAP) (42%). Foram diagnosticadas 6 complicações intraoperatórias em 5 pacientes, sendo a perfuração tumoral a mais frequente, e um total de 18 complicações pós-operatórias em 11 pacientes, sendo a infecção da ferida operatória abdominal a mais frequente. A morbidade operatória maior foi de 31,6% e a mortalidade operatória em 90 dias foi de 0%. A sobrevida global em 5 anos foi de 63,2%. Os resultados cirúrgicos da presente casuística foram comparáveis ​​aos da bibliografia consultada. Destacamos a mortalidade nula em 90 dias, com resultados oncológicos semelhantes aos relatados na literatura.

Prolapso rectal completo procedimiento de Delorme / Complete rectal prolapse Delorme procedure / Procedimento completo de prolapso retal Delorme

Introducción: el prolapso rectal es una invaginación del recto que produce su exteriorización a través del ano. Se denomina completo cuando está constituido por todo el espesor de la pared rectal. En su incidencia están vinculados factores como el sexo femenino, los pacientes añosos y el parto. Etiopatogenia: es multifactorial, se plantean varias teorías. Entre ellas, un fondo de saco peritoneal recto vaginal o recto vesical anormalmente profundo, la falta de fijación normal del recto a su lecho, la consecuencia de una invaginación idiopática de la parte superior del recto y un estado de relajación y atonía de la musculatura del suelo de la pelvis y del canal anal. Caso Clínico: mujer, 64 años. Prolapso rectal completo por debilidad de la musculatura del piso pélvico y canal anal. Se plantean la valoración diagnóstica y exámenes paraclínicos preoperatorios. Se describe el procedimiento de Delorme como solución técnica a su prolapso rectal. Se destaca que la paciente evolucionó favorablemente. Conclusiones: el objetivo del tratamiento es solucionar el prolapso y restaurar la función anorrectal sin provocar efectos nocivos. El prolapso que presenta esta paciente es multifactorial e incluye el conjunto de las siguientes anomalías, afecta a las mujeres de edad avanzada y multíparas, está exteriorizado permanentemente y forma parte de una enfermedad degenerativa difusa del periné. El mismo fue solucionado según el procedimiento de Delorme. La evolución de la paciente fue satisfactoria, no se objetivaron complicaciones ni recidiva en el post operatorio precoz o alejado.

Introduction: rectal prolapse is an invagination of the rectum that produces its exteriorization through the anus. It is called complete when it is constituted by the whole thickness of the rectal wall. Factors such as female sex, elderly patients and childbirth are linked to its incidence. Etiopathogenesis: it is multifactorial, and several theories have been put forward. Among them, an abnormally deep peritoneal rectal vaginal or rectal vesical fornix, the lack of normal fixation of the rectum to its bed, the consequence of an idiopathic invagination of the upper part of the rectum and a state of relaxation and atony of the muscles of the pelvic floor and the anal canal. Case report: female, 64 years old. Complete rectal prolapse due to weakness of the pelvic floor muscles and anal canal. The diagnostic evaluation and preoperative paraclinical examinations are presented. The Delorme procedure is described as a technical solution to her rectal prolapse. It is emphasized that the patient evolved favorably. Conclusions: The goal of treatment is to resolve the prolapse and restore anorectal function without causing harmful effects. The prolapse presented by this patient is multifactorial and includes all of the following anomalies, affects elderly and multiparous women, is permanently externalized and is part of a diffuse degenerative disease of the perineum. It was solved according to the Delorme procedure. The patient's evolution was satisfactory, no complications or recurrence were observed in the early or distant postoperative period.

Introdução: O prolapso retal é uma invaginação do reto que resulta em sua externalização através do ânus. É chamado completo quando consiste de toda a espessura da parede retal. Fatores como sexo feminino, pacientes mais velhos e parto estão ligados a sua incidência. Aetiopatogênese: é multifatorial, e várias teorias foram apresentadas. Estes incluem um fórnix peritoneal rectovaginal ou retal vesical anormalmente profundo, a falta de fixação normal do reto em seu leito, a conseqüência da invaginação idiopática da parte superior do reto e um estado de relaxamento e atonia dos músculos do assoalho pélvico e do canal anal. Relato de caso: mulher, 64 anos de idade. Prolapso retal completo devido à fraqueza dos músculos do assoalho pélvico e do canal anal. São apresentados a avaliação diagnóstica e os exames paraclínicos pré-operatórios. O procedimento Delorme é descrito como uma solução técnica para seu prolapso retal. Observa-se que o paciente evoluiu favoravelmente. Conclusões: O objetivo do tratamento é resolver o prolapso e restaurar a função anorretal sem causar efeitos nocivos. O prolapso apresentado por esta paciente é multifatorial e inclui todas as seguintes anomalias, afeta mulheres idosas e multíparas, é externalizado permanentemente e faz parte de uma doença degenerativa difusa do períneo. Foi tratado de acordo com o procedimento Delorme. A evolução do paciente foi satisfatória, não foram observadas complicações ou recidivas no período pós-operatório precoce ou distante.

Association between age-related macular degeneration and 25(OH) vitamin D levels in the Turkish population / Associação entre degeneração macular relacionada à idade e níveis de vitamina D 25(OH) na população turca

ABSTRACT Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration is the most common cause of blindness in developed countries, and several factors have been attributed for its etiology. This study was conducted to explore the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and age-related macular degeneration. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 114 patients with age-related macular degeneration. A total of 102 patients who did not have any other diseases than refractive error were allocated to the control group. The best-corrected visual acuity, fundus findings, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings were analyzed. Patients were allocated to groups based on the Age-related Eye Disease Study classification. Serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels were measured. The central foveal thickness and the subfoveal choroidal thickness were measured by optical coherence tomography. Results: The 25(OH) vitamin D levels in age- and gender-matched patients with age-related macular degeneration and in healthy subjects were 14.6 ± 9.8 and 29.14 ± 15.1 ng/ml, respectively. The age-related macular degeneration group had significantly lower vitamin D levels than the control group (p>0.001). The subfoveal choroidal thickness was lower in patients with age-related macular degeneration (p>0.001). The 25(OH) vitamin D level showed a weak positive correlation with choroidal thickness (r=0.357, p=0.01). When the level of 25(OH) vitamin D was evaluated according to the stages of age-related macular degeneration, it was found to be lower in the advanced-stage disease (p=0.01). The risk for the development of choroid neovascular membrane and subretinal fibrosis was found to increase with decreased vitamin D levels. Conclusions: Significantly decreased levels of 25(OH) vitamin D in advanced-stage age-related macular degeneration suggest a significant correlation existing between vitamin D deficiency and age-related macular degeneration development. Further studies are required to examine whether vitamin D supplementation has an effect on the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration.

RESUMO Objetivo: A degeneração macular relacionada à idade é a causa mais comum de cegueira em países desenvolvidos e muitos fatores etiológicos têm-lhe sido atribuídos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a relação entre os níveis séricos de vitamina D e a degeneração macular relacionada à idade. Métodos: Os dados de 114 pacientes com degeneração macular relacionada à idade foram analisados retrospectivamente. Foram alocados no Grupo Controle 102 pacientes sem registro de outras doenças além do erro refrativo. A acuidade visual melhor corrigida, os achados do exame de fundo de olho e os da tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral foram analisados. Os pacientes foram alocados em grupos de acordo com a classificação do Age-Related Eye Disease Study (Estudo da Doença Ocular Relacionada à Idade). Os níveis séricos de vitamina D 25(OH) foram medidos. A espessura foveal central e a espessura da coroide subfoveal foram medidas com tomografia de coerência óptica. Resultados: Os níveis de vitamina D 25(OH) em pacientes com degeneração macular relacionada à idade e em indivíduos saudáveis pareados por idade e sexo foram 14,6 ± 9,8 ng/mL e 29,14 ± 15,1 ng/mL, respectivamente. Os níveis de vitamina D foram significativamente menores no Grupo da Degeneração Macular relacionada à idade em comparação com o Grupo Controle (p>0,001). O valor da espessura da coroide subfoveal foi menor em pacientes com degeneração macular relacionada à idade (p>0,001). Foi encontrada uma fraca correlação positiva entre o nível de vitamina D 25(OH) e a espessura da coroide (r=0,357, p=0,01). O nível de vitamina D 25(OH), quando avaliado de acordo com os estágios da degeneração macular relacionada à idade, revelou ser menor na doença em estágio avançado (p=0,01). Constatou-se um risco aumentado de desenvolvimento de membrana neovascular da coroide e de fibrose sub-retiniana com a diminuição dos níveis de vitamina D. Conclusões: A diminuição significativa dos níveis de vitamina D 25(OH) na degeneração macular relacionada à idade em estágio avançado sugere a presença de uma correlação significativa entre a deficiência de vitamina D e o desenvolvimento dessa patologia. Mais estudos são necessários para investigar se a suplementação de vitamina D tem ou não influência no desenvolvimento e progressão da degeneração macular relacionada à idade.

Predictors of mortality in patients less than 50 years old with coronavirus disease 2019: a multicenter experience in Istanbul

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to identify predictors of mortality in young adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and to assess the link between blood type and mortality in those patients. METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study, which was conducted in seven training and research hospitals in Istanbul, involved young adults who aged ≥18 and <50 years and hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019. RESULTS: Among 1,120 patients, confusion at admission (p<0.001) and oxygen saturation (p<0.001) were significantly predictive factors of mortality. Blood type O was significantly associated with mortality compared to those discharged from the hospital (p<0.001). Among co-morbidities, the most reliable predictive factors were cerebral vascular disease (p<0.001) and chronic renal failure (p=0.010). Among laboratory parameters, high C-reactive protein (p<0.001) and low albumin (p<0.001) levels were predictors of mortality in young adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019. CONCLUSIONS: SpO2 at admission was the best predictor of mortality in young adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019. The mortality rate was increased by cerebral vascular disease and chronic renal failure. Also, high C-reactive protein and low albumin levels were predictive factors of mortality. Moreover, blood type O was associated with a higher mortality rate than the other types.

Tratamento da broncodisplasia pulmonar: uma revisão sistemática / Treatment of pulmonary broncodysplasia: a systematic review

Introdução: Displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) é uma grave complicação entre pré-termos, com incidência inversamente proporcional à idade gestacional. Resulta de processo inflamatório com desenvolvimento pulmonar anormal, gerando graves consequências. Apesar de serem limitadas e não afetarem substancialmente a evolução da doença, as opções terapêuticas para prevenção e tratamento da DBP são importantes, porém carecem de melhor elucidação. Objetivos: Abordar aspectos recentes da literatura quanto à prevenção e tratamento da DBP. Métodos: Revisão de literatura na base de dados MEDLINE, em 2021, incluindo ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados, realizados em humanos e nos últimos 5 anos, excluindo estudos não diretamente relacionados ao tema. Resultados: A incidência de DBP foi menor naqueles casos leves expostos à budesonida inalatória, óleo de peixe intravenoso contendo emulsão lipídica (OP) e ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA). Houve aumento da sobrevida com uso de hidrocortisona em baixas doses, dexametasona com redução gradual da dose, por 42 dias, e dexametasona associada a corticosteroides pós-natais (este ainda com redução dos prejuízos no neurodesenvolvimento). Hidrocortisona, dexametasona, dipropianato de hidrofluoalcano-beclometasona inalado e OP reduziram o tempo ou a necessidade de ventilação e oxigenoterapia. A mortalidade foi menor nos estudos envolvendo hidrocortisona e elevada no que avaliou budesonida. As principais complicações foram sepse, retinopatia, hemorragia intraventricular e enterocolite necrosante, nos estudos abordando DHA, hidrocortisona, dexametasona e óxido nítrico inalado. Conclusão: Abordagens terapêuticas satisfatórias foram os glicocorticoides associado à terapia ventilatória e à abordagem precoce. Não houve benefícios com uso de ventilação com insuflações sustentadas, administração de dipropionato de hidrofluoralcano-beclometasona inalada e DHA.

Introduction: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a complication among preterms, with an incidence inversely proportional to gestational age. It results from an inflammatory process that causes abnormal lung development, with severe consequences. Although therapeutic options are limited and do not substantially strike the course of the disease, they are important tools and need further elucidation. Purpose: Address the most recent aspects of the literature regarding the prevention and treatment of BPD. Methods: A literature review was carried out in the MEDLINE database, in 2021, in which only controlled and randomized clinical studies performed in humans in the last 5 years were included. Studies that were not directly related to the theme were excluded. Results: The incidence of BPD was lower in those cases exposed to inhaled budesonide, intravenous fish oil containing lipid emulsion (FO) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). There was improvement in survival with a lowdose use of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone with gradual dose reduction, and dexamethasone associated with postnatal corticosteroids (which generated reduction in neurodevelopmental impairments as well). Hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, inhaled hydrofluoalkane-beclomethasone dipropynate and FO reduced the time or need for ventilation and oxygen therapy. The main complications were sepsis, retinopathy, intraventricular hemorrhage and necrotizing enterocolitis in studies that addressed DHA, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone and inhaled nitric oxide. Conclusion: The therapeutic approaches that proved to be conclusive were the use of glucocorticoids associated with ventilatory therapy and an early approach. No benefits were found with the use of ventilation with sustained inflation, administration of inhaled hydrofluoralkane-beclomethasone dipropionate and DHA.

Molusco contagioso: actualización y casos clínicos / Molluscum contagiosum: an update and clinical cases

El molusco contagioso es una patología viral benigna muy frecuente, exclusiva del ser humano, y causada por un virus no clasificado del grupo de los Poxvirus. Las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad inclu-yen lesiones en la piel, que pueden variar desde una pequeña pápula a un nódulo de mayor tamaño, pre-sentándose en forma solitaria o múltiple, dependien-do del estado inmunitario del paciente y del tiempo de evolución del proceso morboso. El estudio histo-patológico es importante para el diagnóstico, aunque en numerosas ocasiones éste se define clínicamen-te. Además del patrón histológico tradicional, y más frecuente, que exhibe hiperplasia e hipertrofia de la epidermis, se han descripto variantes poco usuales, cuyas características dependen, entre otros factores, de la sobreinfección y de la respuesta inmunitaria del paciente. En este trabajo se describen los rasgos ge-nerales del molusco contagioso y luego se presentan varios casos clínicos, uno de los cuales exhibe ma-nifestación inusual en la semimucosa del labio. Por último, se realizan comentarios referentes a la im-portancia que tiene para el odontólogo conocer esta patología y estar capacitado para detectarla, de modo de evitar sus complicaciones y su diseminación (AU)

Molluscum contagiosum is a very common benign viral pathologythat affects exclusively humans and is caused by an unclassified virus of the Poxvirus family. Clinical manifestations include skin lesions such as papule or nodule, which may range from a small papule to a larger nodule, presenting either solitary or multiple, depending on the immune status of the patient and the time of evolution of the morbid process. Histopathological study is important for the diagnosis, although in numerous occasions it is defined clinically. Classical and more frequent histology pattern exhibits hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the epidermis; however, distinct characteristics may occur depending on factors like superinfection and immune response of patients. This article describes general aspects of molluscum contagiosum and exposes several clinical cases, one of which exhibits an unusual manifestation in the semimucosa of the lip. Finally, comments are made regarding the importance for dentists to learn about the existence of this pathology and be able to recognize it in order to avoid its complications and spread (AU)

Prevalencia, predictores e impacto clínico de la rehospitalización en pacientes con estenosis valvular aórtica valorados por un Heart Team / Prevalence, Predictors and Clinical Impact of Readmission in Patients with Aortic Stenosis Evaluated by a Heart Team

RESUMEN Introducción: En nuestro medio existe escasa evidencia sobre la incidencia de rehospitalización, factores predictores y evolución clínica de los pacientes con estenosis aórtica (EAo) grave valorados por un Heart Team. Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia, los predictores de rehospitalización y la evolución clínica de pacientes con EAo grave valorados por el Heart Team. Material y métodos: Estudio unicéntrico de cohorte retrospectivo, que incluyó pacientes con EAo grave valorados por el Heart Team. Se analizaron las características del total de la cohorte, y según la presencia o ausencia de rehospitalización, en un seguimiento de 2 años. Resultados: La edad promedio de la población (n = 275) fue de 83,3 ± 6,9 años, con 51,1% de sexo femenino y una incidencia de rehospitalización de 21,5%. Los pacientes rehospitalizados fueron más añosos (85,54 ± 6,66 vs. 82,62 ± 6,87 años; p = 0,003), más frágiles (97,4% vs. 89,3%; p = 0,035), con mayor riesgo quirúrgico (STS score 6,11 ± 4,79 vs. 4,72 ± 4,12; p = 0,033), y fibrilación auricular (FA) previa (40,7% vs. 23,6%; p = 0,009), en comparación con los no rehospitalizados. Se identificó la FA previa como factor de riesgo independiente de rehospitalización (OR 4,59; IC 95% 1,95-10,81, p<0,001). La incidencia de rehospitalización fue de 33,9% para el implante percutáneo de válvula aórtica (TAVI), 1,7% para la cirugía de reemplazo valvular (CRVAo), y 64,4% para el tratamiento conservador (p = 0,002). A 2 años, la rehospitalización se asoció a una mayor mortalidad (47,5% vs. 13,4%; p <0,001). Conclusiones: En pacientes con EAo grave valorados por un Heart Team se observó una significativa incidencia de rehospitalización a 2 años, que se asoció a mayor mortalidad. La FA fue un factor de riesgo independiente de rehospitalización.

ABSTRACT Background: There is scarce evidence in our setting regarding the prevalence of readmission, risk factors and clinical evolution of patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) evaluated by a Heart Team. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, predictors and clinical evolution of readmission in patients with severe AS evaluated by a Heart Team. Methods: This was an observational, single-center, retrospective cohort study including patients with severe AS evaluated by a Heart Team. Total cohort characteristics were analyzed at baseline, and after stratification according to the presence or absence of readmission during a 2-year follow-up period. Results: Mean population age (n = 275) was 83.3 ± 6.9 years, and 51.1% were female patients. The prevalence of readmissions was 21.5%. Readmitted patients were older (85.54 ± 6.66 vs. 82.62 ± 6.87 years; p = 0.003) and had greater frailty (97,4% vs. 89.3%; p = 0.035), surgical risk (STS 6.11 ± 4.79 vs. 4.72 ± 4.12; p = 0.033), and previous history of atrial fibrillation (AF) (40.7% vs. 23.6%; p = 0.009), compared with non-readmitted patients. Prior AF was an independent risk factor of readmission (OR 4.59 [IC95% 1.95-10.81]; p <0.001). The prevalence of readmission was 33.9% for percutaneous aortic valve implantation (TAVI), 1.7% for valve replacement surgery (AVRS), and 64.4% for conservative treatment (p = 0.002). At 2 years, readmission was associated with lower survival (47.5% vs. 13.4%; p <0.001). Conclusions: In patients with severe AS evaluated by a Heart Team, a significant prevalence of readmission was observed at 2 years, and this was associated with higher mortality. Atrial fibrillation was an independent risk factor of readmissions.

Inflammation and Nocturnal Pattern of Blood Pressure in Normotensives

Abstract Background: In most healthy individuals, blood pressure (BP) shows a circadian rhythm. Being non-dipper increases cardiovascular risk in normotensive and hypertensive individuals. Nocturnal dipping shows a correlation with the state of inflammation. Objetive: To investigate the relationship between inflammation-based indexes and nocturnal BP pattern in normotensive individuals. Method: This is a retrospective study that included patients evaluated with ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). A total of 131 normotensive individuals were included and grouped as dippers and non-dippers. The normality of the data was verified with a Shapiro-Wilk test. We compared ABPM variables and inflammation-based indexes derived from blood tests (monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio [MHR], platelet to lymphocyte ratio [PLR], neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio [NLR], and systemic immune-inflammation index [SII]) between groups. The independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparing variables with normal and non-normal distributions, respectively. The Pearson's chi-squared test was used to compare categorical variables, and Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationships between variables. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performances of inflammation-based indexes. The level of statistical significance was 5%. Results: The study included 131 patients (mean±standard deviation [SD] age 49.2±15.1 years, 58 [76.0%] of which were women). SII was significantly higher in the non-dipper group (p=0.033). Significant negative correlations were observed between the change in systolic BP [ΔSBP] and SII (r=-0.172, p=0.049) and between ΔSBP and PLR (r=-0.179, p=0.040). Conclusion: SII is a predictor of nocturnal BP pattern in normotensives.

¿Qué se debería evaluar frente al paciente adulto mayor con cáncer? / What should we evaluate in an older adult with cancer?

En la medida en que el crecimiento poblacional continúe en aumento, la cantidad de adultos mayores que sufran patología oncológica será cada vez mayor. Esta población, por su heterogeneidad y su comorbilidad diferente de la del adulto joven, requiere un manejo más específico e individualizado. La realización de una valoración geriátrica integral y el trabajo multidisciplinario, colaborarán en la toma de decisiones con el fin de priorizar la calidad de vida de cada paciente en particular y optimizar el manejo de los pacientes vulnerables. (AU)

As the population grows, there will be more cancer diagnoses in the elderly population. This group, due to its heterogeneity and comorbidities different from those of young adults, requires a specific and individualized assessment. The geriatric assessment and multidisciplinary work, together, would help in decision-making in order to prioritize the quality of life of each patient and optimize management of the vulnerable patients.Key words: elderly, geriatric assessment, frailty, cancer, sarcopenia, abilities of daily living. (AU)

Aquatic physiotherapy: a vestibular rehabilitation option / Fisioterapia aquática: uma opção de reabilitação vestibular

Abstract Introduction: Vestibular rehabilitation is a fundamental resource for vestibular symptom control. Its performance in the aquatic environment is considered safe for the physical activities of the elderly, because they act simultaneously on musculoskeletal disorders and balance improvement. Objective: To evaluate the effects of an aquatic physiotherapy protocol in individuals with peripheral vestibular alterations. Methods: This was an interventional case study with a paired intentional sample of four subjects, who were selected for convenience. The subjects, all of them diagnosed with peripheral vestibulopathy, were submitted to twelve sessions of aquatic physiotherapy for vestibular rehabilitation, being evaluated for dizziness in three moments: initial, after six sessions and at the end of the sessions. The tests applied were: unipodal support to measure static balance, the Fukuda stepping test, which estimates the dynamic balance and the dizziness handicap inventory protocol, aimed at verifying how dizziness influences daily life. Results: When analyzing the static balance, initially the individuals were in the adaptive and abnormal dimensions, and all reached normality at the end of the protocol. Regarding the dynamic balance, the individuals initially showed marked impairment in the angular deviation, mainly to the side of pathology (75% to the left and 25% to the right), achieving improvement at the end of the study. However, it failed to reach statistical significance. The dizziness handicap inventory showed a statistically significant difference in its totality (p = 0.0414), which addresses the physical, functional and emotional factors. Conclusion: In conclusion, the aquatic physiotherapy protocol for vestibular rehabilitation of patients with peripheral impairment was positively assessed by the participants, considering the improvement in dizziness (static and dynamic) and its impact on daily activities.

Resumo Introdução: A reabilitação vestibular se consolida como um recurso fundamental para o controle de sintomas vestibulares e sua feitura no meio aquático é considerada segura para as atividades físicas dos idosos, atua simultaneamente nas desordens musculoesqueléticas e na melhoria do equilíbrio. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de um protocolo de fisioterapia aquática em indivíduos com alterações vestibulares periféricas. Método: Estudo de caso intervencional com amostra intencional pareada de quatro sujeitos, selecionados por conveniência, diagnosticados com vestibulopatias periféricas. Os sujeitos foram submetidos a 12 sessões de fisioterapia aquática para reabilitação vestibular. Foram avaliados quanto à tontura em três momentos: inicial, após seis sessões e ao término dos atendimentos. Os testes aplicados foram: o apoio unipodal para mensurar o equilíbrio estático, a prova dos passos de Fukuda que estima o equilíbrio dinâmico e o protocolo dizziness handicap inventory com o objetivo de verificar o quanto a tontura influencia na vida cotidiana. Resultados: Ao analisar o equilíbrio estático, inicialmente os indivíduos se encontravam nas dimensões adaptativas e anormais e ao término do protocolo todos atingiram a normalidade. Em relação ao equilíbrio dinâmico, os indivíduos inicialmente apresentavam grande comprometimento no desvio angular principalmente para o lado da patologia (75% à esquerda e 25% à direita), conseguiram uma melhoria no fim do estudo. Todavia, não conseguiu atingir a significância estatística. O dizziness handicap inventory obteve diferença estatisticamente significante em sua totalidade (p = 0,0414), onde aborda os fatores físicos, funcionais e emocionais. Conclusão: O protocolo de fisioterapia aquática voltado para reabilitação vestibular de pacientes com comprometimento periférico foi avaliado de forma positiva pelos participantes, considerando-se a melhoria no quadro de tontura (estática e dinâmica) e do seu impacto nas atividades cotidianas.

Rastreamento e manejo da Síndrome da Apneia e Hipopneia Obstrutiva do Sono. Desafios para profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde / Screening and management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypopnea Syndrome. Challenges for Primary Health Care Professionals

A Síndrome da Apneia e Hipopneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAHOS) é condição clínica importante com incidência crescente nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. É condição negligenciada, com prevalência entre 30 e 56%, responsável por 80% dos casos de hipertensão arterial resistente, causa de sonolência diurna, hiperutilização de serviços de saúde, incapacidade laboral, sintomas depressivos, acidentes de trânsito e de trabalho e fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Este artigo tem como objetivo atualizar informações e com isso alertar sobre a importância do rastreamento e manejo da SAHOS em população com hipertensão arterial sistêmica assistida na atenção primária à saúde.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) is an important clinical condition with increasing incidence in developed and developing countries. It is a neglected condition, with prevalence between 30 and 56%, responsible for 80% of cases of resistant hypertension, causes daytime sleepiness, hyper-utilization of health services, work incapacity, depressive symptoms, traffic and work accidents, and risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this article is to update information and thus alert about the importance of the screening and management of OSAHS in a population with high blood pressure assisted in Primary Health Care.

Zuma Modified Maneuver as a Treatment to Geotropic Lateral Semicircular Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Abstract Introduction Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is the most common vestibular disorder, resulting from detached otoliths that migrate to one of the semicircular canals - canalolithiasis - or one of the cupulas - cupulolithiasis. The present study is related to lateral canal BPPVs, which may be either geotropic or apogeotropic. The geotropic variant of lateral semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (LC-BPPV) is attributed to free floating particles in the posterior arm of the lateral semicircular canal. Objectives To verify the possibility of employing the Zuma repositioning maneuver, with a brief modification, as an alternative treatment for geotropic LC-BPPV. Methods Seven patients with geotropic LC-BPPV were enrolled and treated with the Zuma modified maneuver. Patients were reevaluated 1 hour after a single maneuver, to confirm the resolution of vertigo and positional nystagmus. Results All seven patients achieved immediate resolution of vertigo and positional nystagmus as measured 1 hour after the application of the maneuver. Conclusion The Zuma modified maneuver was effective for geotropic LC-BPPV after a single application. The use of the Zuma maneuver for both apogeotropic and geotropic LC-BPPV may simplify the treatment of these patients.