RESUMEN
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: In multicentric/multifocal breast tumors, there may be immunological and histological differences between foci that may affect survival and treatment choice. We aimed to evaluate the effect of focal heterogeneity seen in multicentric/multifocal breast tumors on survival. METHODS: We retrospectively collected and analyzed the clinicopathological data of 89 female patients with multifocal/multicentric breast cancer, whose surgical and medical treatment was completed and who were followed up for 5 years. RESULTS: Of all patients, 29.2% (26/89) were heterogeneous. Heterogeneity of these foci was as follows: histologic heterogeneity of index foci (mix type): 15.7% (14/89), histologic heterogeneity of inter-foci: 7.9% (7/89), and immunohistochemical heterogeneity of inter-foci: 10.1% (9/89). When additional foci were evaluated, oncological therapy was changed for 3 (3.3%) of 89 patients. Heterogeneity does not have a significant (p>0.05) effect on recurrence and survival in multicentric/multifocal breast cancers. Pathological N stage is an independent risk factor for disease-free survival (hazard ratio=2.29, 95% confidence interval=1.39-3.76, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In multifocal/multicentric breast cancers, less than 4% of patients may experience heterogeneity requiring change in the therapeutic decision. However, heterogeneity does not have a significant effect on recurrence and survival in multifocal/multicentric breast cancers. The pathological N stage is an independent risk factor for disease-free survival.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the hemogram index parameters and their clinical significance in the evaluation of the inflammatory response of patients with male breast cancer, who are rarely observed in the literature. METHODS: In total, 22 (n=22) healthy male and 28 (n=28) male breast cancer patients without synchronous/metachronous tumors were included in this study. They were grouped as the healthy male control group (Group 1) and the male breast cancer patient group (Group 2). The male breast cancer was divided into two subgroups, namely, early stage [(stage: 0/I/II) (Group 2A)] and late stage [(stage: III/IV) (Group 2B)], and their hemogram index parameters were compared. RESULTS: A significant (p>0.05) increase was observed in neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and·platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) values in the late stage (Group 2B: stage III/IV) compared to the early stage (Group 2A: stage 0/I/II) and healthy control (Group 1) groups. CONCLUSIONS: In male breast cancer patients, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio values were significantly higher as the stage of cancer increased. These readily available simple tests can be used to evaluate the host's inflammatory response in male breast cancer.