Histological Features of Different Organs Before and After Treatment of Diabetes by Using Avocado Extract in Rats

Aim of the study: The present study aimed to study histological features of different organs before and after treatment of diabetes by using avocado extract in rats. Materials and methods: Hot aqueous extraction of avocado was performed. Forty male rats (weighted 140–190g) were used in this study. Following the time of acclimatization, the animals had an overnight fast of 18 hours before being prepped for alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetes. Before and after induction, measurements of the animals’ body weights and blood glucose levels were made. However, rats received an IP injection of alloxan 150 mg/kg bw. Following that, the rats’ blood glucose levels were tracked every day for 3 weeks to establish a stable levels of blood glucose. The animals were divided into 4 groups: Group 1 got water as a non-induced (negative control) condition. Alloxan-induced rats in Group 2 received water as a positive control. Group 3: Alloxan-induced and aqueous extract-treated animals and Group 4 was only given a 40 g/L dose of the aqueous extract of avocado. Pancreas, livers, as well as kidneys from control, alloxanized, and treated rats were taken at different times, processed and utilized for histological examination after being preserved in 10% formaldehyde till processing and staining. Results: The current results showed a significant difference between different groups especially in G3 at different weeks. However, rats in G2 exhibited depleted islet cells and regions of cell necrosis. The tiny, preserved islet cells (PIL) in diabetic rats treated with extract after 1 week (G3) were an improvement as compared with rats at G2. As the days advanced, more improvements were seen in the pancreatic architecture of the rats treated with extract, including the presence of more noticeable islet cells and exocrine cells. As seen by the intact pancreatic islet in G3, caused the healing of the pancreatic tissue after 3 weeks of treatment by extracts. Alloxanized rats (G2) showed the presence of cell necrosis as well as infiltrations of inflammatory cells. However, as the course of therapy continued, it became clear that the tissue architecture had improved, and more glomeruli were seen as well as fewer inflammatory cells (G3). Livers of rats in (G2) showed visible cell necrosis, when compared to the histology of G1 and G4. After receiving medication, rats in group G3 had compact, healthy liver tissues after three weeks. In conclusion, the pancreas, kidneys, and liver were all protected by the avocado extract and showed enhancement in the histological architecture and glucose levels.

Strategies for Renal Protection in Cardiovascular Interventions

Coronary artery disease is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is a risk factor for contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI), a complication of cardiovascular procedures that require contrast administration (e.g., coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]). CA-AKI has a major impact on morbidity, mortality, and healthcare resource utilization. The incidence of CA-AKI is particularly high in patients with pre-existing CKD, advanced age and comorbidities that increase the likelihood of CKD. The focus of the present review is to provide a brief overview on the assessment of the risk for and prevention of CA-AKI in patients undergoing angiography and PCI, including recognition of the important patient- and procedure-related factors that may contribute to CA-AKI. Preventive and treatment strategies, the mainstay of which is volume repletion by normal saline, are briefly discussed. The main focus of the review is placed on technical details of contrast minimization techniques, including ultra-low contrast angiography and zerocontrast PCI. Operator competence in such techniques is important to ensure that procedural challenges in patients with CKD, like vessel calcification, multivessel disease and complex anatomical subsets, are effectively addressed by PCI while minimizing the risk of CA-AKI.

Posterior shoulder fracture-dislocation: A systematic review of the literature and current aspects of management / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#Posterior fracture-dislocation of shoulder is an infrequent traumatic event; however, most orthopaedic surgeons may face the challenge of treating it. The aim of this study is to review and summarise systematically the current principles of the management of this complex injury, and create a treatment algorithm.@*METHODS@#Both PubMed and Scopus Databases were systematically searched for the terms "posterior shoulder fracture-dislocation" or "posterior glenohumeral fracture-dislocation" or "posterior glenoid fracture-dislocation" for articles written in English and published in the last decade.@*RESULTS@#A total of 900 articles were identified, of which 13 were retained for analysis. A total of 153 patients (161 shoulders) were identified. These patients were treated either with open reduction and internal fixation, modified McLaughlin procedure, allograft/autograft humeral head reconstruction or shoulder arthroplasty. The mean age was 40.15 years. The mean postoperative Constant score in cases treated by open reduction and internal fixation was 86.45, whereas by bone graft was 84.18. Further, the mean postoperative Constant score was between 79.6 and 67.1 in those that were managed by modified McLaughlin and arthroplasty procedure, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#The management of posterior shoulder fracture-dislocation may be challenging, and the best surgical option depends on many variables such as the chronicity of the injury, the presence of a fracture at the level of the surgical neck or tuberosities and the extend of the Hill-Sachs lesion if any. A treatment algorithm is proposed, based on the current literature in an effort to create a consensus for these injuries. For the acute shoulder fracture-dislocations, an open reduction should be performed. For the chronic fracture/dislocations in the elderly low-demand patients, conservative treatment should be performed. For the rest of the patients, depending on the severity of the Hill-Sachs lesion different surgical options are available such as the McLaughlin technique, the use of an allograft, osteotomy or arthroplasty.

Eosinopenia as a diagnostic marker of sepsis in critically ill patients

Background: sepsis refers to the presence of a serious infection that correlates with systemic and uncontrolled immune activation. Few studies had analyzed eosinophil count as a prognostic marker of outcome in patients with infection. Eosinopenia is an interesting biomarker because the eosinophil count is always measured in clinical practice and the additional costs would therefore be negligible

The aim of this wrk: this study aimed to test the value of eosinopenia in the diagnosis of sepsis in critically ill patients admitted to ICUs

Patients and Methods: this prospective observational, randomized study was conducted on 50 adult critically ill patients who were admitted to ICU of Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital in the period from March 2017to July 2017. They either had sepsis on admission or not. An informed written consent was obtained from patients and/or relatives before starting this study

Inclusion criteria were patients more than 18 years old and less than 60 years that were critically ill either in sepsis or not

Exclusion criteria were patients less than 18 years old and more than 60 years old, patient or relatives who refused to be included in this study, those with hematological cancer, HIV infection, bronchial asthma and other atopic disorders like hay fever, atopic dermatitis and allergic conjunctivitis and increased levels of eosinophil count as part of any parasitic infection or trauma patients

Results: comparison between infected and non-infected studied patients was statistically significant as regard variables of SOFA score, APACHE II score at admission, TLC and Eosinophil count at admission [p-value?0.05]. There were no statistical significant differences as regard length of ICU stay [p?0.05]. Multivariate regression analysis showed statistically significant differences and was independent predictors for infection as follow: total leucocytic count, eosinophil count at admission and SOFA score. The AUC for eosinophil count to predict was 95% with optimal cut off value was 50 cells/mm3 with a sensitivity of 92.85% and specificity of 93.33% with P value <0.001

Conclusion: the result of the present study revealed that eosinophil counts was <50 cells/mm3 at admission time to ICU was a predictor for diagnosis of sepsis in critically ill patients. However, eosinophil counts at admission time to ICU were not a specific indicator of mortality. Recommendations: eosinophil counts are cheap and easily accessible test can be used to guide for sepsis diagnosis and treatment.Larger studies are needed to determine the prognostic value of this test and establish better cutoff values

Syzygium aromaticum ethanol extract reduces AlCl

Objective:To investigate the neuroprotective effects of Syzygium aromaticum (S. aromaticum) extract (500 mg/kg) on AlClMethods:An ethanolic extract of S. aromaticum seeds was prepared and the active compounds were identified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. BALB/ c mice were divided into five groups (negative control, AlClResults:It was observed that AlClConclusions:The results showed that S. aromaticum is a promising antioxidant and a neuroprotective agent.

Altered antibacterial activity of Curcumin in the presence of serum albumin, plasma and whole blood

Antibacterial effect is one of the major therapeutic activities of plant-derived Curcumin. This work evaluated the effect of serum albumin, human plasma, and whole blood on the in vitro activity of Curcumin against eight clinical bacterial isolates by standard broth micro dilution and plate-counting methods. Toxicological effects of Curcumin towards human red blood cells [RBCs] and peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMCs] were also investigated. Curcumin exhibited weak activity against gram-negative bacteria, except Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri were susceptible and was most active against gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis. The antibacterial activity was impaired in the presence of bovine serum albumin [BSA], human plasma and whole blood. Curcumin was not toxic to PBMCs and RBCs at 200micro g/mL. Furthermore, Curcumin showed synergistic activity in combination with antibiotics: Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Vancomycin and Amikacin against Staphylococcus aureus. This study demonstrated that the interaction of Curcumin with plasma proteins diminishes its in vitro antibacterial activity. Curcumin derivatives with reduced affinity for plasma protein may improve the bioavailability and antibacterial activities

Disease and treatment-related factors associated with tuberculosis treatment default in Khartoum State, Sudan: a case–control study

Defaulting on tuberculosis [TB] treatment remains a challenge to controlling TB. This case-control study aimed to identify determinants of treatment default among TB patients attending treatment clinics in Khartoum State from May to July 2011. Cases were TB patients who defaulted on treatment and controls were those who completed treatment. Of the 2727 TB patients attending the clinics, 328 [14%] had defaulted. Of these, 185 had resumed treatment before data collection and 143 had not and were eligible as cases. Of the 143, 27 could not be traced and 11 declined to participate. Thus, 105 cases and 210 controls were included and interviewed. The variables significantly associated with treatment default were: rural residence [OR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.51–4.73], not being on a DOTS programme [OR: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.49–4.30], having side-effects from treatment [OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.14–3.29], and having a history of TB [relapse, multidrug-resistant TB or treatment failure] [OR: 5.11; 95% CI: 2.69–9.69]. Attention should be paid to these groups at risk of defaulting to encourage treatment adherence and continuation

Co-existence of pests and their associated predators inhabiting cantaloupe plants, cucumis melo L. in Assiut, Egypt

The present study was carried out during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons of cantaloupe. Faunistic composition of pests and their associated predators inhabiting cantaloupe plants Cucumis melo L. revealed the presence of 22 insect species belonging to 17 families and 10 orders. The serious pest species were represented by 14 species with 7 predaceous species. The most abundant sucking insect pest was whitefly; Bemisia tabaci Genn. It was the most abundant and seemed to be the major pest infesting cantaloupe, followed by the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch:, and some piercing sucking insects such as cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii Glov.; onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lind. and jassids, Empoasca spp. Orius sp, Chrysoperla carnea Steph. and Coccinella undecimpunctata L. were the most numerous predators. In all cases the dominance degrees of the pests were higher than those of the predators

Knowledge of the relationships between oral health, diabetes, body mass index and lifestyle among students at the Kuwait university health sciences center, Kuwait

Objectives: To evaluate the level of knowledge regarding the relationships between oral health, diabetes, body mass index [BMI; obesity] and lifestyle among students of the Health Sciences Center [HSC], Kuwait, and to explore any possible correlation between students' oral health knowledge, BMI and lifestyle choices

Subjects and Methods:A stratified random sample was proportionally selected according to the size of each faculty from the 1,799 students. The questionnaire was divided into 3 sections [i.e. demographics, evaluation of oral health knowledge in relation to diabetes, and evaluation of diabetes knowledge in relation to lifestyle] and distributed to 532 students. Oral health knowledge was categorized as limited, reasonable or knowledgeable. Lifestyle was classified as healthy or nonhealthy. The BMI was calculated as weight [kg] divided by the square of the height [m]. ANOVA and Chi[2] tests were used to test for differences between independent variables. A Pearson correlation coefficient test was used to assess correlations. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant

Results:Of the 532 questionnaires, 498 [93.6%] were completed. The mean knowledge score was 47.7 +/- 25.2; of the 498 students, 235 [47.3%] had a BMI within the normal range, 184 [37.0%] were pre-obese and 67 [13.5%] were obese. Of the 498 students, 244 [49%] had a healthy lifestyle. There was no correlation between oral health knowledge and the other variables; however, there was a correlation between lifestyle and obesity

Conclusion:In this study, the majority of the students had limited knowledge of oral health in association with diabetes and lifestyle. More than half of the students fell in the pre-obese/obese range

Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of testosterone undecanoate on bone marrow and germ cells in mice

Anabolic androgenic steroids are synthetic compounds used for treatment of numerous medical condition as well as being used widely by athletes performance enhancers and bodybuilding. The aim of the present study was evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of testosterone undecanoate in a mouse model, chromosomal aberrations, mitotic index of bone marrow cells, and mitotic index of spermatocytes sperm head abnormality. This effect was determined after the administration of a 0.01mg of testosterone undecanoate via oral gavage for 30 days. Result revealed that testosterone undecanoate caused a slight increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and a significant reduction of mitotic index of bone marrow cells. Despite that, there was no significant increase in percentage of sperm head abnormality in male mice. Those findings were parallel to a significant reduction in mitotic index of spermatocytes when compared to negative control group and positive control group. This study documents that testosterone undecanoate has cytotoxic effects on bone marrow and germ cells of male mice

Active surveillance of avian influenza viruses in Egyptian poultry, 2015

Surveillance for avian influenza viruses in Egyptian poultry has been conducted since 2009. Up to 2011, all the detected viruses were H5N1, and the overall prevalence was 5%. In 2011, H9N2 viruses were observed to be co-circulating and co-infecting the same hosts as H5N1 viruses. Since then, the detection rate has increased to around 10%. In the 2014-2015 winter season, H5N1 was circulating heavily in poultry flocks and caused an unprecedented number of human infections. In contrast, surveillance in the last quarter of 2015 indicated a near absence of H5N1 in Egyptian poultry. Surveillance for avian influenza viruses must continue in Egypt to monitor further developments in H5N1 circulation in poultry

Mitral valve replacement in systemic lupus erythematosus associated Libman-Sacks endocarditis

Libman-Sacks endocarditis, first discovered in 1924, is a cardiac manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE]. Valvular involvement has been associated with SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome [APS]. Mitral valve, especially its posterior leaflet, is most commonly involved. We report a case of a 34 year old woman with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and SLE, who presented with mitral valve regurgitation. The patient underwent a prosthetic mitral valve replacement, with no followup complications. We suggest mechanical valve replacement employment in the management of mitral regurgitation in Libman- Sacks endocarditis, in view of the recent medical literature and our own case report

Dyslipidemia and electrolyte metabolism in essential hypertensive North Indians.

Background: In the present study we are going to evaluate lipid profile and Electrolytes levels (Sodium, Potassium in Serum & Urine) in Essential Hypertensive and in healthy controls in North Indian Population. Methods: A total of 210 age and sex matched E. hypertensive & healthy controls were included in our study from outpatient department (OPD) of Medicine in King George Medical University, Lucknow, India. First group consist of 110 subjects were known E. hypertensive patients (B.P ≤ 139/89mm of Hg). Another group is control group consist of 100 subjects who were healthy controls (B.P ≤ 120/80mm of Hg) with no history of hypertension. Fasting venous blood sample was collected from all the subjects in plane vacationer and the sample was centrifuged for the estimation of lipid profile & electrolyte i.e. Sodium (N+) & Potassium (K+). Lipid profile was measured with an automated analyzer (Biochem) & Electrolytes was measured using ion-selective electrolyte auto-analyzer in the Clinical lab of biochemistry in KGMU. Results: After analyzing results almost control subjects had normal lipid profile level. In patients of E. hypertension there was a highly significant increase in serum Total Cholesterol (p˂0.0001), LDL-Cholesterol (p˂0.0001) & Triglycerides (p˂0.001). HDL-Cholesterol (p˂0.03) is also significant as compare to controls. Not significant difference was found in serum sodium & potassium level. The Urinary Na+ levels were significantly lower in E. hypertensive patients when compared to controls while Urinary K+ levels were not significant. Conclusion: So we conclude that dyslipidemia is associated with essential hypertension this may due to the genetic predisposition, secondary lifestyles, fatty food consumption, saturated fat, cholesterol in the food increase the blood cholesterol and saturated fat is the main culprit. Essential hypertensive is linked with increased Na+, K+ - ATPase activity and increased renal tubular sodium reabsorption.

Hypofractionated simultaneous integrated boost [sib] versus conventional fractionation in localized prostate cancer: a randomized pilot study

Radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy has comparable results in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. High dose external irradiation entails a prolonged 7-8 weeks of treatment with significant inconvenience to elderly patients. Hypofractionated regimen in prostate cancer depends on the distinctive radiobiological properties of prostate cancer cells; their relative low alpha beta ratio compared to that for late-reacting rectal tissue allows for significant dose escalation per fraction without expected increase in late normal tissue reaction. Between July 2012 and December 2013, twenty patients were blindly randomized into two groups. The planning target volume in the study group received 65Gy to 67.5Gy/25 fractions over 5 weeks. The patients in the control arm received 74Gy to 78Gy in 2Gy/fraction. Cost-benefit was evaluated for both regimens. Both groups were comparable regarding risk factors, with no significant statistical differences. Four patients in the study group developed grade 2 urinary toxicity and one patient had grade 3 during treatment, At six months no patient had urinary symptoms, In the control arm 4 patients have grade 2 toxicity during treatment which disappeared at six months, The two groups showed no statistical difference in the mean quality of life. Serum PSA reached a nadir value of 0.02 and 0.04 in the study and control groups respectively at 3 month post-treatment. The cost of treatment for the study group was 25000 L.E, per patient compared to 40000 L.E. in the control group. The hypofractionated group consumed 31138 MU compared to 45611 MU for the control group with ap-valueof 0.015. Hypofractionated IMRT with concomitant boost for localized cancer prostate is a feasible option with lesser cost and comparable toxicities. Longer follow-up is required to assess the late effects before recommending it as a standard of care

minimum inhibitory concentration of different candida disinfecting agents

Purpose: Despite the availability of a large number of commercial denture cleansing products, only a few are used by wearers of dentures. This may be due to negligence on the part of the wearers of dentures and or the high cost of the products. We, therefore, felt inspired to study the antifungal effect of different materials usually available in the kitchen

Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty resin acrylic samples were prepared and divided into three groups of 50 samples each and immersed into variable concentrations of: Sodium chloride [Group I], Sodium bicarbonate [Group II], and vinegar [Group III]. In addition, 10 samples were immersed into water as a control group [Group IV]. Minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum immersion time needed were studied for each group

Results: The solutions were only found to be effective against Candida albicans in concentrations higher than 50 ml/200 ml, 10 g/200 ml and 5 g/200 ml of vinegar, sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride respectively. The same concentrations were more effective when acrylic resin plates were immersed for 8 hours rather than 1 hour [P < 0.05]

Conclusions: Sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate and vinegar are not strong enough as denture cleansing agents in low concentrations. However, high concentrations used for 8 hours might be helpful for the user of dentures

Comparison of measurement of 24-hour urine protein excretion versus random urine protein-creatinine ratio in pregnant woman with pre-eclampsia

Background: Measurement of protein excretion in a 24-hour urine collection has been the long-standing gold-standard but time consuming test for the quantitative evaluation of proteinuria induced by preeclampsia. An alternative method is the measurement of protein- creatinine ratio in a spot urine sample, which provides a more convenient and rapid method to assess protein excretion

Objective: To assess the correlation between the spot urine protein- creatinine ratio and 24-hour urine protein excretion in women with preeclampsia and to use the urine protein- creatinine ratio as alternative to time-consuming 24-hour urine protein collection. Study design: A cross sectional study.Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital for a period of one year from Jan. 2013 to Jan. 2014

Patients and Methods: Eighty three singleton pregnant women suffering from pre-eclampsia with gestational age between 28 to 39 weeks were selected to participate in the study. They were divided into two groups: 61 pregnant women with mild to moderate pre-eclampsia and 22 with severe pre-eclampsia.These women were prospectively studied for proteinuria. Urine protein- creatinine ratio was determined in a spot mid-stream urine sample, and the amount of protein excretion was measured in 24-hour urine collected on the subsequent day. The correlation between the two tests was assessed

Results: Diagnostic value of protein/creatinine ratio was expressed in terms of specificity and sensitivity.There was significant correlation between protein/ creatinine ratio in a single void urine with 24 hr. urine collection for protein as the P value was [0.0001], The ROC curve analysis showed an area under the curve of [0.879], indicating that the urine protein: creatinine ratio can detect severe proteinuria at a cutoff point of 4.2 with a sensitivity of [81.8%] and specificity of [85.2%]

Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between the spot urine protein/ creatinine ratio and 24-hour urine protein excretion in women with preeclampsia

Clinico-pathological findings of Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxaemia in goats and its hemolytic activity in different erythrocytes

The present investigation was conducted to study the effects of experimental Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxaemia in teddy goats. Clinical signs started to appear after 30 min of experimental infection like anorexia, diarrhea, dehydration, frothing and dyspnea. Gross lesions consisted of severe congestion in tissues of varying intensity with enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes while histological examination revealed edema of lungs, kidney, and lymph nodes and to some extent in brain along with hemorrhages in lungs and intestines. Clostridium perfringens type D carrying alpha and epsilon toxin genes were amplified with amplicon size about 247 bp and 665 bp, respectively. Human erythrocytes showed the highest hemolysis, 68%, followed by mice, 57%, against culture supernatants. The percentage of hemolysis was significantly higher at 37[degree]C as compared to 25[degree]C except for rabbit and dog

Cognutuve and neurological complications of bacterial meningitis in adult patients: a hospital based study

Bacterial meningitis is associated with disabling sequelae in a significant proportion of patients. It is associated with high mortality, risk of neuropsychological sequelae and risk of cognitive impairment the purpose of this study is to assess cognitive and neurological complications in adult patients with bacterial meningitis. A total of 45 patients with bacterial meningitis and 16 patients with tuberculous meningitis were enrolled. They were subjected to full medical history taking and clinical examination, full neurological examination on admission and discharge. Mini mental state examination [MMSE] and Wechsler memory scale [WMS] were used to assess cognitive function. The results showed that the ischemic brain insult [87.88%] followed by cranial nerves affection [32.42%] were the commonest neurological complication detected on discharge. Cognitive impairment was detected in 53.66% of patients using MMSE.WMS showed that orientation, information and logical memory were the most common affected. Cognitive and neurological complications were not statistically related to age or etiology [P>0.05]. Longer duration until diagnosis [Beta = -.18, p <0.001], presence of intracranial complications [Beta = -.12, p <0.005], need for mechanical ventilation [Beta = -.79, p <0.001] and drug abuse [Beta = -0.11, p < 0.05] were significant predictors of worse outcome assessed by Glasgow outcome score

1P53 over expression in skin lesions: an immunohistochemical study

Background and objective: Immunohistochemistry is the application of immunologic principles and techniques to demonstrate molecules in cells and tissues. Gene p53 is a tumor-suppressor gene. The product of this gene is a nuclear protein thought to be involved in the control of the cell cycle, apoptosis, and the maintenance of genomic stability. Gene p53 is the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor gene found in human cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate p53 protein over expression in skin cancer and compare it with benign skin lesion

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on paraffin block from skin biopsy of 36 patients with various skin lesions; eight benign cases and 28 malignant cases. The sample of patients was collected from the Pathology Laboratory in Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil, Kurdistan region, Iraq from December 2011 to December 2012. The age of the patients ranged from 34 to 80 years. The p53 protein over expression was investigated by immunohistochemical staining. Sample sections were stained and scored

Results: Nineteen out of 28 [76.8%] skin cancer showed over expression of p53 gene compared with benign skin lesion and there was a statistically significant difference. There was statistical significant difference in relation to the age group of patients with various skin cancers which was higher in patient above 40 years

Conclusion: Increased expression of p53 a nuclear protein can be detected in human skin cancer compared with benign skin lesion and it may play an important role in pathogenesis of many types of skin cancers

Predictors of adherence to antihypertensive medication in northern United Arab Emirates

This study aimed to assess the predictors of non-adherence to antihypertensive medications in northern United Arab Emirates. In a cross-sectional, multicentre study in Ajman Emirate, 250 patients with hypertension were randomly selected from outpatient clinics. Participants answered an interview questionnaire about sociodemographic and clinical data and completed the Morisky medication adherence scale. Non-adherence to antihypertensive medication was reported by 45.6% of patients. Sociodemographic predictors of non-adherence were sex and number of children. Therapy-related predictors of adherence were hospital admissions, number and cost of medications, medication perceived effectiveness and use of traditional remedies. Patient-related predictors of non-adherence were forgetfulness, method of identifying medication and poor awareness of hypertension complications. Health-care-related predictors were regular follow up at clinics, education and counselling, frequency of changing medication by physicians and awareness of physicians' instructions