[Social capital and socio-economic development in Tehran's 22 municipal districts]

Theoretical framework section of paper reviewed Theories of Putnam, Colman, Paxton, Portes, lyer et al and development Indicators of Rafiee's research used as development degree criteria in Tehran's 22 municipal districts. The paper discussed about relation of Tehran's 22 municipal districts development and social capital of municipal districts. Sample of this survey selected by PPS method of sampling between over 16 years old with 1759 Individuals. Results of research demonstrated that there are positive significance relations between social capital and its sub indicators as Generalized Trust, Attention, Formal Participations, and Reciprocal Informal Participation with Development degree of municipal districts and a negative significance relation between Informal Religious Participation and Development degree of municipal districts and there is no any relations between Institutional Trust and Charity Informal Participation with Development degree of municipal districts

[Evaluation of depression after tubal ligation]

Tubal ligation is an effective and convenient means of contraception and is becoming increasingly popular as a birth control technique in the world. Aim of this study is to compare depression degree before and after tubal ligation. For this purpose, 60 women with 23-51 years old referring to Shiraz Hospital who were candidates for tubal ligation were chosen and evaluated. Women and #101;s depression degree was assessed by Beck depression inventory one day before and six months after operation. Pre and postoperative results were compared by paired t-test. The mean score of depression before operation was 9.42 +/- 8.85 and in six months later was 17.47 +/- 11.14 [P < 0.0001]. If the significant difference will be approved by similar studies, importance of follow up and evaluation of probable factors such as biological or psycho-social are advised so that by proper interventions, we will be able to prevent probable depression in this group of women. The results of this study revealed significantly higher degree of depression after tubal ligation. We could point to some contributing factors such as: changes in the patient and #101;s self-image, feeling of irreversibility of operation, fear of negative evaluation of other, negative attitude of husband and some biological factors. If these findings will be confirmed in future studies, we can plan proper interventions for prevention of depression in this group of women