Epidemiological, clinical and bacteriological studies on bacterial lamb enteritis at behera province, Egypt

Lamb enteritis is economically important problem because several agents may be involved in the etiology of it. This study was conducted to throw light on bacterial enteritis in some sheep flocks in Behera province. From 1200 examined lambs, 650 showed enteritis [54.16%]. Enteritis rate were higher in closed system [83.70%0 than in open system [46.80%]. Mortality rate was [4.16%] and case fatality was [7.69%]. Bacteriological examination of fecal samples revealed that 190 lambs [29%] were positive for pathogenic bacterial culture and 460 lambs [71%] were negative. The isolated bacteria were E. coli pathogenic form from 65 cases [34.20%] which was the most predominant bacterial isolate. Other bacteria isolated were salmonella from 10 cases [5.26%], clostridia isolated from 15 cases [7.89%], proteus species isolated from 25 cases [13.10%], shigella isolated from 20 cases [10.52%], klel'siclla isolated from 15 cases [7.89%] and mixed infection was reported in 40 cases [21%]. Serotyping of E coli revealed that O55/K50 [35] [2 isolates], while O78/K80 [B-], O125.K70 [B15], O101/K99 and O22/K11 [L] and each of them [l isolates], while the untypable isolates was [4 isolates]. Salmonella typing revealed that S. typhimurium serotype B [2 isolates], S. enteritidis serotype Dl [1 isolate] and the un typable salmonella isolates [2 isolates]. The antimicrobials susceptibility of isolated bacteria was done to determine its susceptibility

Developmental changes of internal anal sphincter in guinea pigs: a histological and immunohistochemical study

The internal anal sphincter [IAS] plays an important role in the maintenance of anorectal continence and in the pathophysiology of constipation and incontinence. Failure of a full-term newborn to pass meconium within the first 24 h should raise a suspicion of intestinal obstruction. However, the causes of functional intestinal obstruction in infants are still unclear; however, one cause might be immaturity of the IAS. This study aimed at illustrating the developmental changes in IAS in guinea pigs of different ages. Forty-one guinea pigs were selected and divided into four groups. They were sacrificed and the rectoanal canal specimens were dissected at the appropriate time from each group as follows: group I - from embryos in the third trimester; group II - from animals on their first postnatal day; group III - from animals aged 4 weeks; and group IV - from animals aged 16 weeks. The rectoanal canal specimens was prepared for histological and immunohistochemical studies. Morphometric analysis was also performed. Thickness of the IAS increased with advancing age, whereas that of the connective tissue component decreased. Moreover, alpha-smooth muscle actin filaments increased with age. There was also age-related development of the enteric nervous system, especially the myenteric plexus in the rectoanal junction region. Results of the current study revealed pronounced developmental changes in the histological structure of guinea pig IAS. Therefore, development of the IAS might have a possible role in the functional intestinal obstruction seen in preterm and full-term infants

Immunomodulatory effect of propofol versus sevoflurane in patients undergoing thoracic surgery using one lung ventilation technique

Introduction: One lung ventilation [OLV] has become a standard procedure for many interventions in thoracic surgery with a need for deflation of the lung to facilitate the surgical procedure. Mechanical ventilation can induce a proinflammatory reaction in the non-deflated ventilated lung. However only limited data exist on inflammatory alterations in the temporarily deflated, non-ventilated lung in patients undergoing thoracic surgery

Aim of the work: The aim of this work is to compare between the effects of propofol and sevoflurane as regards: the systemic inflammatory response, the pulmonary inflammatory response, C-reactive protein, leucocyte count, and recovery status, in patients undergoing thoracic surgery using OLV technique

Patients and methods: This study include 40 adult patients, who were randomly classified into two groups: group [I] 20 patients received total intravenous anesthesia with propofol. Group [II] 20 patients received inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane. Every patient was subjected to a careful pre-anaesthetic assessment, anaesthesia, bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] analysis for human inflammatory mediators [IL-6 and TNF-alpha], serum analysis for systemic inflammatory mediators [IL-6 and TNF-alpha] [Both were measured before OLV and 15 min after OLV ended and resumption of two lung ventilation [TLV] at the end of surgery, and C-reactive protein and leukocyte count in blood [before OLV, 15 min after OLV ended and resumption of [TLV] at the end of surgery and on the 2nd postoperative day]

Results: According to IL-6 and TNF-alpha, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups before OLV, however they were significantly increased in both groups in serum and BAL after OLV in relation to before OLV with significant increase in group I relative to group II. A significant correlation was present between increased level of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in BAL and their levels in serum after OLV in the group II but this correlation was not present in the group I. Also no significant correlation between duration of OLV and inflammatory mediators [IL-6 and TNF-alpha] in serum and BAL in both groups. As regarding to CRP, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups before OLV. After OLV and on the 2nd postoperative day the level of CRP increased significantly in both groups with significant increase in group I relative group II. According to WBC count there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups as regards the level of WBC before OLV. After OLV the level of WBC increased significantly in group I only. On the 2nd postoperative day the level of WBC increased significantly in both groups with significant increase in group I relative to group II. Also no significant correlation between duration of OLV with the increased levels of CRP and WBC count in both groups

Conclusion: Propofol increased pulmonary and systemic cytokine release more than sevoflurane during OLV. Propofol has increased CRP level and WBC count more than sevoflurane during OLV

Effect of intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion on some proinflammatory cytokines, stress hormones and recovery profile in major abdominal surgery

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery on stress response markers as plasma interleukin-6, cortisol and blood glucose level. It also assessed its effect on recovery profile and postoperative pain. Thirty adult ASA I-III patients admitted to the surgery department of the Alexandria Main University Hospital scheduled for elective major abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia were included. They were randomly classified into two equal groups of 15 patients each, dexmedetomidine group [Group D] received intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion and placebo group [Group P] received intravenous infusion of normal saline. Haemodynamic parameters were recorded intra- and postoperatively. Interleukin-6, cortisol and blood glucose levels were measured. Recovery profile, postoperative pain score and analgesic requirement postoperatively were assessed. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were significantly lower in group D relative to group P during most of the intra- and postoperative periods. Postoperatively, the levels of interleukin-6, cortisol and blood glucose were significantly lower in group D relative to group P. Recovery time was longer in group D than group P but with no significant difference. Postoperative pain score was significantly less in group D relative to group P during the early postoperative period with smaller amount of analgesic requirements in group D. Dexmedetomidine is safe and effective in blunting the postoperative rise of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 and resulted in lower levels of markers of stress response to surgery as cortisol and blood glucose. Dexmedetomidine also reduces the postoperative pain score without delaying recovery from anaesthesia

Stimulatory effect of helium-neon laser irradiation on human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Low-level laser irradiation [LLLI] has been shown to modulate the proliferation of endothelial cells. Helium-neon [He-Ne] laser is the best type of laser for biostimulation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the direct stimulatory effect of LLLI on the proliferative potential of human umbilical vein endothelial cell line in vitro. This study included five groups: group I [zero time after seeding He-Ne laser irradiation], group II [24 h after seeding He-Ne laser irradiation], group III [48 h after seeding He-Ne laser irradiation], group IV [96 h after seeding He-Ne laser irradiation], and group V [cumulative He-Ne laser irradiation every 48 h for a period of 6 days]. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups: subgroup a [control], subgroup b [1.77 J/cm[2]He-Ne laser irradiation], and subgroup c [3.54 J/cm[2] He-Ne laser irradiation]. A continuous wave He-Ne laser, emitting a wavelength of 632.8 nm with a power output of 5 mW was used for irradiating the cells. A growth curve was constructed for each group to determine the growth parameters. The most efficient cellular response to LLLI was in subgroup Ic depending on the population doublings achieved, followed by subgroup Ib. Therefore, the early the use of He-Ne laser irradiation for the cultured cells, the more the cellular stimulation and proliferation. Meanwhile, their delayed use resulted in less cellular stimulation and proliferation. Moreover, the results showed that 1.77 and 3.54 J/cm[2] of He-Ne laser irradiation were always stimulatory for endothelial cells either significantly or insignificantly. The present study showed that 1.77 and 3.54 J/cm[2] of He-Ne laser irradiation stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cell line proliferation

Histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric study on the postnatal development of Peyer's patches in albino rat

Peyer's patches [PPs] are essential elements of the gut-associated lymphatic tissue that are involved in defense against pathogens that may be colonizing the gut and are also involved in oral food tolerance otherwise food allergy occurs. This research aimed to study the postnatal development of PPs in male albino rats. Fifty male albino rats were divided into five groups of 10 animals each. Group 1 [1 day old], group 2 [1 week old], group 3 [2 weeks old], group 4 [4 weeks old], and group 5 [8 weeks old]. The terminal part of the ileum was dissected out and processed for light and electron microscopic examinations. Paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff and immunohistochemical staining was carried out for detection of CD3 and CD20 [markers of T and B lymphocytes, respectively]. Quantitative morphometric study was conducted, and the results were statistically analyzed. Early during postnatal period, PPs appeared as small epithelial elevations overlying small aggregates of lymphocytes. The size of PPs and lymphocytic cell density increased gradually to reach maximum by adult age [group 5]. Most of the lymphocytes were of the T type early postnatally followed by increase in B lymphocytes during the following age groups. Germinal centers started to appear in group 4 and in the adult age group. The epithelium covering the surface of PPs showed reduced number of goblet cells, and M cells started to appear from the age of 2 weeks onward. Epithelium covering the PPs showed structural changes matching with functional specialization such as gradual reduction of goblet cells and appearance of M cells. In addition, an association was found between the times of onset of M cells and B-Iymphocytic follicles in PPs

Histological study on the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate on hepatic and small intestinal injury induced by ischemia reperfusion in rats

Restoration of the blood flow and reintroduction of oxygen after deprivation accelerate tissue injury. The insult of intestinal ischemia reperfusion [PR] is not necessarily limited to the intestine itself, but involves the severe destruction of the other tissues because of the reperfused oxygenated blood. Many reports indicated that I/R is an important inciting event in the pathogenesis of multiple organ system failure, which is the leading cause of death in critically ill patients. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective role of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate [PDTC] on liver and small intestinal injury following mesenteric ischemia reperfusion. The study was performed on forty adult male albino rats weighting 200-250 gm that were divided into three groups. Group I: Control animals which divided into untreated and sham operated [10 animals each]. Group II: Intestinal ischemia reperfusion animals, which were underwent one hour ischemia and two hours reperfusion. Group Ill: Animals received 200 mg/kg PDTC intraperitoneally one hour before intestinal ischemia reperfusion procedure. Parts were taken from the liver and jejunum were processed for histological examination and other jejunal parts for scanning electron microscopic examinations [SEM]. Immunohistochemical expression of NF-ka B factor in the liver was investigated. A variety of changes were observed in the jejunal ranging from epithelial separation and loss of the brush border to cellular lysis, destruction of villi, cellular infiltrations, hemorrhages and basal glandular ulcerations. The liver showed areas of edema fluid, hemorrhages, mononuclear cellular infiltration and increased expression of INF-ka B factor. Treatment with PDTC resulted in improvement in most of the histological changes induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in the jejunum and liver. Therefore, PDTC can be considered as an effective protecting agent during intestinal ischemia reperfusion and can be used clinically in such instances

possible protective effect of curcumin on naphthalene induced cataract in rats [histological and scanning electron microscopic Study]

Cataract formation is one of the irreversible processes for which modem medical science has no definite cure except surgery. Drugs that may have prophylactic or curative effects for cataract are lacking. Naphthalene has wide industrial and commercial applications and it is well known that ingestion of naphthalene causes cataract in human and experimental animals. Curcumin, a widely used spice, has been proved to have an antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this study was to test the possible efficacy of curcumin in preventing cataract formation in a rat model. So, forty adult male albino rats weighting 100-120 gm were used in this study. They were divided into the experimental groups. Group I: Control animals. Group II: Animals received a dose of 0.7 g/kg of naphthalene solution orally daily for 90 days. Group III: Animals concomitantly administered curcumin with naphthalene in a dose of 75 mg/kg orally daily for the same duration. Slit lamp examination and retroillumination photography were done to all animals at the end of the experiment, then the rats were sacrificed and the lenses were removed and processed for histological and scanning electron microscopic [SEM] examination. Animals received naphthalene showed, by slit lamp photography, equatorial vacuoles and anterior subcapsular white opacities. Histologically, lens capsule was thin with hyperplasia of the lens epithelium. PAS stained deposits were also seen under the capsule with increased spacing between the lens fibers. Furthermore, the hexagonal cross sectional structure of lens fibers was lost in some areas. SEM showed loss of ball and socket interlocking between the lens fibers. Concomitant administration of curcumin with naphthalene resulted in amelioration of most of the histological changes induced by naphthalene. Therefore, curcumin may have a beneficial effect in protection against cataractogenesis

Morel -lavalle syndrome

Closed degloving injury is a severe traumatic separation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue from the underlying fascia first described by Morel-lavalle in the mid-19th century. He observed the phenomenon in the lower limb of a woman after tangential trauma with separation of the fatty layers. Sporadic cases have been reported in the literature since. We report a case referred for plastic surgery for cosmetic reasons

use of ELISA and immunohistochemistry techniques for detection of toxoplasma gondii antigen in tissues of experimentally infected mice

The capability of double antibody sandwich enzyme-linkad immunosorbent assay [ELISA] for detecting antigens of Toxoplasma gondii [T. gondii] in different mice tissue specimens was evaluated in comparison to the immunohistochemistry [IHC] technique. Results proved that tissue antigens were detectable in liver, kidney and mesenteric lymph node [LN] specimens by both methods from the second day of infection, with statistically significant increase in its amount in all organs throughout the period of the study. Using ELISA technique, the highest antigen level was recorded on the second day [0.120 +/- 0.0015] and the fourth day [0.147 +/- 0.0034] of infection in LN specimens, while, the liver showed the highest antigen level at the sixth day post infection [PI][0.165 +/- 0.0066]. On the other hand, using the IHC technique, the highest number of tachyzoites was recorded in LN sections in all studied durations, the second, the fourth and the sixth days PI [1.1 +/- 0.875, 1.6 +/- 1.173 and 3.1 +/- 1.370 respectively]. Thus, sandwich ELISA technique might offer a valuable aid for rapid diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis in human tissues, and it has proved to be more accurate than IHC technique, since its results was coincided with the pathogenesis of the disease.

Dual chamber vs. single chamber paching; haemodynamic, respiratory and metabolic assessment using cardiopulmonary exercise testing

Nineteen patients referred for permanent pacing due to a third degree AV block including four patients with re-implantation of DDD PM because of PM syndrome induced by previous VVI pacing were included in this study. Nine patients had no underlying structural heart disease, while the remaining ten patients had rheumatic HD [two cases], congenital HD [three cases], LVH [three cases], CAD [one case] and thyrotoxicosis [one case]. All patients underwent an implantation of permanent DDD PM. One month post-implantation, all patients were subjected to cardiopulmonary exercise testing [CPET] using bicycle ergometry with the PM in the DDD mode, then the test was repeated, while the patients were in the VVI mode two weeks later. The hemodynamic parameters were measured. The metabolic parameters were also investigated. The results showed that DDD mode showed significantly better HR, PA-aO2, Pa-ETCO2, VE/VO2, VO2 and Ca-vO2 compared with VVI pacing

Experimental conversion of virulent RH Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in vitro

We aimed to induce conversion of RH-stain tachyzoites to bradyzoites by changing the pH of the culture medium. Alkalization of the medium to pH 8 induced morphological changes in the cultured tachyzoites. The majority of the organism increased in size and changed from a regular crescent shape to a rounded or ovoid shape. Cyst-like structures were formed. Using a computerized image analyser, significant differences in the size of the whole organisms and in their nuclei were observed compared to the control group. The converted organisms also showed significant differences from the control group by quantitative DNA analysis, and did not infect mice

rapid diagnostic test for trichomonas vaginalis infection

The applicability of the quantitative buffy coat tube test [QBC] for diagnosis of T. vaginalis was studied. The results of the QBC tube test were compared with that of the wet mount examination in 60 women having genital infection. The cases were selected from Outpatient Clinic of El-Shatby University Hospital. T. vaginalis was identified by QBC tube test in 24 cases out of 60; while with the wet mount smear, it was detected in 21 cases. The sensitivity of the QBC tube test was 100% and the specificity was 92.3%. It was found that the QBC tube test seems to have a role in the routine diagnosis of T. vaginalis

Detection of circulating antigens in blood to evaluate treatment of fascioliasis

This work was designed to assess cure of human fascioliasis after triclabendazole treatment by detection of Fasciola antigen by a modified double antibody sandwich ELISA technique. The results showed that the test detected the antigen in the sera of all studied cases before treatment, while no antigen was detected after treatment. The results suggested that antigen detection provides an accurate tool for diagnosis as well as the assessment of cure

Long-term fate of gastrocystoplasty and enterocystoplasty: an experimental study

This study was carried out on 100 rats with an average weight of 250 grams. They were divided Into 5 groups: 20 non-operated rats served as a control group, while 20 rats each underwent sham procedure, gastrocystoplasty, ileocystoplasty and sigmoidocystoplasty. All operations were performed with microsurgery by a technique which is described. The rats were sacrificed 12 months postoperatively. There were no differences in serum electrolytes or renal function between the single groups. All urine cultures taken pre- and postoperatively were sterile. Prominent histopathologic changes were observed in the transplanted gastric and intestinal tissues and in the adjacent bladder wall. Possible aetiologies are discussed, but the actual aetiology and the potential for malignant progression of these lesions are unknown. Thus further studies with longer follow-up are warranted

Opportunistic intestinal protozoa in chronic diarrhoeic immunosuppressed patients

The present work aimed to search for the intestinal opportunistic parasites which cause chronic diarrhea. Special stains for each parasite were used to differentiate it easily from the fecal elements obviating the need for diagnostic invasive techniques, especially used in microsporidial infection. The detected parasites were Giardia lamblia [17.7%], as best seen by iron hematoxylin stain and Coccidian oocysts [Cryptosporidia, 13.3% and Isospora belli, 2.2%], as clearly seen by using Ziehl-Neelsen and chromotrope-based stains. The gram positive spores of Enterocytozoon bieneusi were [4.4%] best seen by using chromotrope-based stains; whereas, the diagnosis of Giemsa was failed

device to facilitate multiple transpedicular fixation in thoraco-lumbar region cadaveric study

The posterior spinal instrumentation with placement of intrapedicular implants has become an increasingly popular form of spinal fixation. A simple device was designed to facilitate the accurate location and fixation of more than one of the thoraco-lumbar pedicles by single application. The device consists of 4 metallic bars [2 long and 2 short] connected in a quadrangular shape, and 4 [2 in each side] autoclavable cylindrical plastic pin guide pieces for Kirschner wire [KW] placement. These pieces are changed during surgery with metallic ones, for drilling and screw fixation. Each guide piece can be adjusted in any desired location and direction. The device helped them in accurate placement of 72 pedicle screws in 18 cadaveric thoraco-lumbar spines with little need for readjustment. No pedicular perforation, fracture or misidentification was found. The operation time and exposure to radiation appeared to be reduced markedly