[Changes in agronomical and phytochemical yield of purple coneflower [Echinaceae purpurea [L.] Moench] under urea and three biofertilizers application]

Nutrition is an important factor in plant growth and phytochemical compound. Application of natural fertilizers in medicinal plants production can improve their yield and medicinal indices. This study investigated the possibility of substituting chemical fertalizers by biofertilizer [Nitroxin, biophosphorus and biosulfur] in purple coneflower production. We compared vegetative yield and total phenolic compounds of purple coneflower in response to biofertalizers and chemical nitrogen. Experiment was conducted at field of Tarbiat Modares University on 2009-2010 growing seasons using a RCBD with three replications. Twelve experimental treatments included: chemical nitrogen as urea [C], biosulfur [S], biophosphorus [P] nitroxin[N], urea+biosulfur[CS], urea+biophosphorus[CP], urea+nitroxin[CN], biophosphorus+biosulfur[PS], Nitroxin+biosulfur[NS], nitroxin + biophosphorus[NP], integration of three biofertilizers [NPS] and the control [without fertilizers]. Treatments had significant effect [p

determination of clinical decision rule for estimation of mineral bone density in Iranian women

Osteoprosis is a well recognized health hazard for women who are the main group at risk.This study assessed the relative risk factors of osteoprosis in women referring to the Chamran Hospital densitometry center during the year 1386, with the aim of designing a formula to estimate the severity of osteoprosis based on its risk factors. This cross sectional analytic study used the data of outpatients [n=1047] who visited the Bone Densitometry Center of Chamran Hospital during the year 1386. Information was gathered using questionnaires, completed face to face and the cases underwent Dexa densitometry of the hip and vertebras. The data were analysed with SPSS software. Results Of the patients, 73% were menopausal the average and standard deviation of age and weight was 54.5 +/- [10.3], 69.5 +/- [10.8] and the average and standard deviation of T-score of hip and lumbar spine was -1.88 +/- [1.08], -1.04 +/- [1.05]. After assessment, the precipitating factors of osteoprosis of hip were age, menopause, time of menopause, history of fracture, history of taking calcium supplements and dosage, number of deliveries, and duration of breast feedings. The preventing factors were weight, OCPs, exercise, [P < 0.05] being significant the percipitating factors in vertebras were age, menopause, time of menopause, diabetes, history of fracture, history of calcium supplement usage and dosage, number of deliveries, timing of breast feeding and the preventing factor was weight, [p=<0.05] being significant. Using the use of stepwise regression analysis, a minimal mathematical model for predicting of bone density of hip and lumbar spine was formulated. Then the mathematical model of hip in the form of clinical decision rule [CDR] was validated with less number of independent cases. Using the method mentioned, along with clinical findings and history, persons at risk of osteoporosis can be identified and early prevention and treatment are possible. This can also prevent unnecessary expenses of diagnostic procedures for people without the risks of osteoprosis

[Effect of tramadol adiministratian previous to induction of general anesthesia on prevention of postoperative shivering]

Shivering is a common post anesthetic complication. The relative efficacy of pharmacologic interventions used for the treatment of postoperative shivering is not well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of administration of a 1mg/kg single dose Tramadol to induction of anesthesia in order to prevent post-anesthetic shivering. In this randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 patients which were classified based on American Association of Anesthesiologists [ASA] to physical status I or II selected for elective abdominal gynecologic surgeries by general anesthesia [GA]. Before induction of anesthesia, 30 patients [study group], received a single dose of 1 mg/kg intravenous Tramadol, and the other 30 patients [placebo group] recieved 0.9% saline. 3 patients [10%] of the study group and 17 patients [56.66%] of the placebo group experienced post anesthesia shivering [P<0.0001]. Incidence of pain in the immediate postoperative period was significantly higher in the placebo group [90% vs 23.33% of patients respectively; P<0.0001]. No significant difference was observed in the incidence of postoperative adverse effects between the two groups. This study supports administration of single dose of 1 mg/kg Tramadol, prior to induction of general anesthesia in prevention of postanesthetic shivering

Association between renal graft survival and age, sex and anatomical position

Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end stage renal disease [ESRD]. The present study was designed to evaluate the association between renal graft survival and age, sex and anatomical position. For this historical cohort study, 129 patients who have received renal transplantation during a 5-year period [1998-2003] in Modarres Hospital in Tehran were included through a non probability sampling. The creatinine level one year following the transplantation was considered for graft outcome. Meanwhile, graft rejection, death, transfusion and hypertension before and after transplantation have been evaluated. Renal transplantation was successfully achieved in 79.8% of cases. Reduction in blood pressure following the transplantation and transfusion was not significantly different between the female and male, left- and right-kidney, and older and younger than 28 years old recipients. The minimum rejection rate was observed in male-to-female group; however, the minimum mortality rate was reported in female-to-female group. Decreased serum creatinine level appeared earlier in the transplant's recipients of left-kidney and female subjects. We suggest longer follow up of blood pressure and kidney transplantation from donor with brain death to improve renal graft survival