[Minimum inhibitory concentration of silver nanoparticle against Staphylococcus aureus and its relation with Methicillin resistance and bacterial source of isolation]

Background and Objective: The rise of antibiotic resistance particulary Methicillin resistance in pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus is found to be an emerging threat to human health especially in hospitals. Heavy metal nanoparticles such as Ag used for inhibition of this bacterium. This study was done to determine of minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] Ag nanoparticle against Staphylococcus aureus which isolated in Gorgan, north of Iran and its relation with Methicillin resistance and source of bacteria

Methods: In this descriptive - analytical study, the MIC Ag nanoparticle in 183 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus by microdilution method was determined. 30 isolates, based on mecA gene was considered as MRSA. Samples were collected from patients, nose of healthy carriers and foods. Compare the MIC of isolates based on Methicillin resistance, source of the bacteria and resistance to other antibiotics were assessed

Results: Out of 183 samples MIC was varied from 1 to 16 micro g/ml, and mean +/- std was 2.9 +/- 1.89 micro g/ml. MIC mean of silver nanoparticles in isolated from foods were 2 +/- 0.7, isolared from healthy carriers were 4.1 +/- 2.4 and from patients were 3.4 +/- 2.1 micro g/ml and were statically significant [P<0.05]. MIC mean of silver nanoparticles in MSSA isolates are 3.9 +/- 2.3 and in MRSA isolates are 2.4 +/- 1.4 micro g/ml that were statically significant [P<0.05]. MIC mean of gentamycin resistant isolate were lower than sensitive one. But between MIC of silver nanoparticles and other antibiotics resistance was not significant statistically

Conclusion: There is a relation between silver nanoparticle MIC, source of sample isolation, Methicillin and gentamycin resistance. Since MIC of silver nanoparticles on isolates of Methicillin resistant is low, the possibility of its use in the control of MRSA in hospital infections can be considered as a prime attention the Gentamycine

[Evaluation of the Effect of Applying Air-particle Abrasion on the Retention of the Muxillary Complete Denture]

Background ond Aim:Complete denture's retention is an important issue which sometimes in spite of all efforts does not provide patient and dentist's satisfaction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sandblasting the impression surface on the maxillary denture retention.

Materials and Methods: In this Before and After Clinical trial, for 15 patient of the Department of Prosthodontics of the Shahed University, 2 bases similar to their original upper dentwe were prepared. By applying a digital force transducer, the force needed to dislodge the base from the patients' palate was measured. The internal surface of the bases were air abraded by 50 micron Alumina particles for I minute except for the borders which were covered by Aluminum thin foils.

Results: By sandblasting, the mean retention of the bases increased from 30.89 +/- 10.74 N to 37.66 +/- 9.76 N [21.9%] which was statistically significant [p<0.000 I].

Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, sandblasting the intaglio surface of the maxillary complete denture with abrasive particles will enhance the retention of the denture.

[ effect of single stage caffeine supplementation on serum cortisol and HSP72 concentrations and leukocyte count of male athletes]

Long term and vigorous exercises may lead to a deficiency of the body immune system components. Consuming caffeine supplementation before the exercise can affect the body immune response. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of short-term caffeine supplementation on the defense system and the innate immune index responses in male athletes after an exhaustive aerobic exercise. 24 male endurance athletes were randomly divided into supplement and placebo groups. Exercise testing was an exhaustive treadmill test [Bruce test]. One hour before the main test, the supplement group [SUPP] consumed caffeine [6 Mg/BW] and the placebo group [PLA] received Cellulose during testing. Blood samples were collected from anticubital vein before and immediately after exercise testing. After serum collection; Cortisol and eHsp72 concentrations and leukocyte count were determined using ELISA and H1 method respectively. After conformation of normal distribution of variables by kolmogrov-smirnov test, SPANOVA and Independent t test were performed and p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Independent t test results showed that the mean changes of serum cortisol and HSP72 indexes were increased significantly in SUPP and PLA group [P<0.05] after exhaustive aerobic exercise; but there was no significant change in the leukocytes count. Also, SPANOVA test showed that caffeine supplementation has significantly changed Hsp72 and serum cortisol levels in male athletes [P<0.05] while it has no significant effect on serum leukocytes [P>0.05]. findings show that consuming caffeine supplementation prior to short-term exhaustive aerobic exercise possibly has positive effect on the innate immune system and the body's defensive apparatus

[Quality of life of chemically-disabled war veterans involved in pulmonary complications of sulfur mustard gas in Sardasht]

Chemical gases, particularly Sulfur Mustard, have a negative impact on physical, psychological, social and spiritual aspects of quality of life of those suffering from this gas. It is so serious that even 20 years after being exposed to Sulfur Mustard, we can witness people who are still suffering from various damages of organs particularly the pulmonary system. This research aimed at determining the quality of life of chemically-disabled war veterans with pulmonary complications of Sulfur Mustard from physical, social, psychological, and spiritual aspects. This was a descriptive study in which 260 chemically-disabled war veterans living in Sardasht, Iran then, were randomly selected for the study. It should be mentioned that all these people are now treated as chemically-disabled war veterans suffering from the pulmonary complications of Sulfur Mustard Gas and were living in Sardasht at the time of bombardment of that city. Having been acquainted with the procedure, they were then asked to fill in the questionnaires. The results showed that quality of life in 71.5% of the samples was moderate, only in 5.8%, it was considered as good. 11.9% of them in physical domain, 8.1% in psychological domain, 1.9% in social domain, and 22.8% in spiritual domain had a good quality of life. Based on the findings, the quality of life in the social, physical and psychological domains was 1.9%, 11.9% and 8.1% poor, therefore; responsible organizations can help these people in various ways by, for example, providing them with low price drugs, which are usually costly in the market, public transportation designed especially for chemically-disabled war veterans, improving insurance services and developing public services in Sardasht. The researchers, finally suggests a qualitative study be performed on each domain of quality of life of chemically-disabled war veterans

[Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease]

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is among the prevalent causes of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Here, we discuss the best diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the disease

Materials and Methods: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, etiologies, natural course, differential diagnosis, treatment options, complications and follow up of the disease are reviewed in this paper

Results: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease seems to be the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Liver function tests and sonography can be used as the appropriate screening tests for diagnosis. Weight loss and control of hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus might be the best therapeutic approaches

Conclusion: Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment may decrease mortality and morbidity rate associated to the cardiovascular complications of the metabolic syndrome

Evaluation of Bax encoding plasmid for increasing efficacy of DNA vaccine plasmid encoding gB of Herpes Simplex virus type 1

Evaluation of Bax encoding plasmid for increasing efficacy of DNA vaccine plasmid encoding gB of Herpes Simplex Virus type 1. Materials and Methods: We compared three different dosages of Bax encoding plasmid [pcbax] including 10, 25 and 50 ?g of plasmid DNA. They were co-injected ineradermally with glycoprotein B [gB] of herpes simplex virus [HSV]-1 encoded plasmid [pcgB] in C57BL/6 mice to elicit immune responses to protect against lethal HSV-1 challenge. Immune responses to the antigen were assessed by lymphocyte proliferative responses and cytokine [INF-gamma and IL-4] release assays. The study demonstrates that the mice immunized with 25 micro g pcbax together with pcgB have more efficient protection than the mice immunized with 10 and 50 micro g of pcbax and pcgB. Analysing of cell-mediated responses show that the mice immunized with 25micro g pcbax and pcgB induce stronger lymphocyte proliferative responses and higher levels of INF-gamma and IL-4 compared to the mice are received 10 and 50 micro g of pcbax and pcgB. The data show that co-immunization with 25 micro g of pcbax and pcgB increase immune responses compared to 10 and 50 micro g of pcbax and pcgB. This can be considered a promising approach for development an efficient DNA vaccine against HSV-1 or other pathogens

Ocular hirduinaisis- leeches the cause of anguinus tearing and potentially blinding parasite

To acknowledge the ophthalmologists, that among many causes of blood tearing; the leeches are of pinnacle importance in this regard, especially to the inhabitants of Balochistan due to suitable ecology for the parasite and its infestation to the human. The study includes 3 patients two children and one adult with sanuineous tearing having leeches in the eyes. The moment worm removed, the bloody discharge ceased, the eye remained open and patient cheerful