[Electromyographic activity of the vastus medialis obliques and vastus lateralis longus muscles during squat with isometric hip adduction in athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome and healthy athletes]

Patellofemoral is a pain syndrome, common among athletes and the theraputic regiment based on the improvement of muscle involved in this disorder. This study was done to compare electromyography activity of the vastus medialis obliques and vastus lateralis longus during squat with isometric hip adduction in athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome and healthy athletes. This case-control study was carried out on 16 national team male athletes [volleyball, handball and taekwondo] aged 30-18 years with patellofemoral pain syndrome and 16 healthy male athletes. Subjects were matched based on weight, height, age, dominant of lower extremity and voluntarily participated. Electromyography activity of vastus medialis obliques and vastus lateralis longus muscles recorded by surface electrodes at 15, 30 and 45 knee flexion degrees. Paired t test was used to compare electromyography activities in each group and One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test was used to compare each muscle in different angles. There was significant differences in the activity of vastus medialis obliques and vastus lateralis longus muscles in athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome at 45 knee flexion degree [P<0.05]. There were no significant differences between the muscle activities in healthy athletes at none of the knee flexion degrees. There were significant differences in the activity of vastus medialis obliques [P<0.05] and vastus lateralis longus [P<0.05] muscles at 45 degrees in comparison with muscle activities in each group in knee flexion degrees. Electromyography activity of the vastus medialis obliques in healthy athletes during squat with isometric hip adduction at 45 knee flextion is greater than other degrees and in athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome is greater than healthy athletes

[ comparison of priming with pancrunium and atracurium in the speed of providing adequate neuromuscular blockade for tracheal intubating]

Neuromuscular relaxants are one group of the important drugs in providing good condition for tracheal intubation and operation. Rapid intubation is needed in most situations. Also, most of non- depolarizing relaxants almost have long onset time. We compared the priming with pancrunium and atracurium in providing good and rapid relaxation for tracheal intubation. In this prospective study, 65 patients with ASA class I, II were randomized into two groups. Group A received pancrunium and group B received atracurium. Primimg dose was injected as 20% of total dose of relaxant. Twitching response was measured with peripheral nerve stimulator. Intubation was done when% 80 of the twitching response disappeared. The time of total disappearance of twitching response was also recorded. The mean time for the injection of the first dose of relaxant until the time of intubation was 94.47 seconds in group A and 142.9 seconds in group B, which were significantly different [P<0/01]. If intubation until the time of twitch response is detained, the time gap of group A will again be less than group B [P<0/01]. In priming technique, the time of tracheal intubation with pancrunium is significantly less than atracurium. So, considering the patient's condition and the need for rapid relaxation, pancrunium could be is a better relaxant than atracurium