Permethrin-induced oxidative damage in liver of rainbow trout [Oncorhynchus mykiss] and its attenuation by vitamin C

The objective of this study was to investigate the propensity of permethrin [PTN] to induce oxidative stress and changes in enzyme activities in liver of rainbow trout and its possible attenuation by vitamin C. Forty-eight fish were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 treatment groups and their livers were used for liver perfusion method: control [0 microgL-1 permethrin and 0 mgL-1 vitamin C], PTN-0.16 [0.16 microgL-1 permethrin], PTN-0.32 [0.32 microgL-1 permethrin], PTN-0.64 [0.64 microgL-1 permethrin], Vit. C [17.2 mgL-1 vitamin C], and PTN-0.64 + Vit. C [0.64 microgL-1 permethrin and 17.2 mgL-1 vitamin C]. Results obtained showed that permethrin significantly [P<0.05] increased ALT, AST and LDH activities in the liver perfusion medium and malondialdehyde [MDA] level in liver tissue. The values of reduced glutathione [GSH] and total antioxidant capacity [FRAP] in the liver tissue were significantly decreased due to permethrin administration. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between MDA concentration and ALT, AST and LDH activities in the permethrin groups, suggesting that the enhanced lipid peroxidation may be linked to hepatic damage caused by permethrin. On the other hand, treatment with vitamin C in the PTN-0.64 + Vit. C group increased the values of GSH and FRAP, and decreased the level of MDA and the activities of hepatic enzymes, when compared to the PTN-0.64 group. The present study revealed that vitamin C could ameliorate permethrin-induced oxidative damage by decreasing lipid peroxidation and altering antioxidant defense system in liver of rainbow trout

pretreatment effects of pentoxifylline on aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative damage in perfused rat liver

This study was conducted to investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of pentoxifylline [PTX] against aflatoxin Bl [AFB1] exposure in perfused rat livers by evaluating damage marker enzymes, antioxidant defense systems [glutathione, GSH] and lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde, MDA]. Sixteen rats were divided randomly into four experimental groups: control, PTX, AFB1 and AFB1 + PTX. Rats in the control group were infused with Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer. Rats in the AFB1 -treated group received approximately 1 ppm and the PTX- treated group received 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally 24 h before surgery. Alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase levels were increased by AFB 1 and decreased by PTX. PTX also ameliorated the increased concentration of MDA caused by AFB1. PTX did not compensate for the decrease in GSH caused by AFB 1. These results imply that PTX has an antioxidant effect by inhibiting free radicals, and prior treatment with PTX ameliorates the effects of AFB 1 -induced lipid peroxidation but does not compensate GSH depots

[Comparison the number of triaged patients in three working shift in Poursina hospital in Rasht]

Abstract Introduction: Triage defined as selecting patients based on the severity of injury and performing the best management for the majority of patients in a short time. Triage is a strong administrative tool for providing emergency services. According to situations, it divided into: normal urgent triage and emergent condition triage. The former is performed in emergency ward of a hospital and the latter in the accident field

Objective: Comparison of the number of triaged patients in normal urgent condition at different triage levels in accordance with months of the spring and three working shifts

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was performed in Poursina teaching hospital during three months of the spring [21 March-21 June 2006]. Patients triaged in three working shifts. Data were registered in Emergency Service Work Shifts Form [approved by Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education]. According to this form, patients were classified to inpatients and outpatients groups, then they allocated to one of the following levels: Emergent, Urgent, and Non-urgent

Results: Among 30.746 admitted patients, 25.525 [82.97%] were outpatients, 5.214 [16.95%] were inpatients, and 25 [0.08%] died. 203 [3.89%] patients transported by EMS ambulances, 960 [18.41%] by referee hospital ambulances, and 4.051 [77.70%] by themselves or others. The mean number of inpatients on night shift had a statistically significant difference of morning and evening shifts. The same was true for outpatients between morning and evening and night shifts. The majority of inpatients, 2.104 [40.30%] admitted on the night shift and the majority of outpatients, 12.443 [48.21%] on the morning shift. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean of triaged patients at the emergent and urgent levels among the three work shifts [night vs. morning and evening shifts, p< 0.05]

Conclusion: Regarding the majority of admissions on the night shift, pay more attention to this shift can play a pivotal role in saving lives. Therefore, it appears that conducting more studies about the different aspects of this issue is necessary

[Spinal fractures in admitted patients in Poursina hospital]

Introduction: Trauma is ranked four as being a lethal disease. Spinal trauma and the spinal cord injuries arising from the trauma are the cause of 3%death rate. Concomitant spinal cord injuries may lead to neurological deficit and socio-economic problems

Objective: Determining the relative frequency of spinal cord fractures, types and some related factors as recorded in the emergency ward of Poursina hospital in Rasht from 2001 to 2003

Materials and Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional survey performed on the hospital archive, the patients confined to be suffering from the fracture based on imaging studies from 2001-2003 were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were: mismatch between the report of imaging studies and physician diagnosis, absence of the report in the patients' records and leaving the hospital before making a diagnosis. Variables such as age, sex, trauma mechanism, and place of lesion were extracted and registered in a special form designed for this purpose

Results: After dully studying the bulk of files, 215 in number, 41 cases were omitted from the study. About 71.8% were male. The mean age was 40.75 +/- 15.55 and 23% of them were in the age group of 21-30 years. Burst fracture was the most common fracture type. The majority of accidents were due to falling from height [63.3%].The most common fractures occurred in the lumbar area at the l1 level [60%], thoracic area at the level of T12 [64%] and cervical at the level of C7[40%]

Conclusion: Regarding to the high frequency of spinal injuries followed by falling, we can decline these injuries by paying attention to safety issues

[Effect of human sperm chromatin anomalies on fertilization outcome post ICSI]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sperm chromatin anomalies on fertilization outcome post ICSI

Material and Methods: Therefore along with semen parameters, CMA3 staining for protamine deficiency, aniline blue staining for excessive histones, SDS for sperm chromatin stability and SDS+EDTA for ability of sperm to undergo decondensation were carried out on 55 semen samples from patients referring for ICSI to Isfahan fertility and infertility center

Result: The results showed that among the aforementioned tests and semen parameters, only CMA3 showed a significant correlation with fertilization outcome post ICSI. Patients were also grouped according to CMA3 level of <30% or >30 % or fertilization rate of <50%, or >50%. The results showed that the mean percentage fertilization and mean percentage of CMA3 positivity is different in both groups respectively. The area under ROC curve showed that CMA3 is a highly sensitive and specific test for prediction of fertilization outcome post ICSI

Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that sperm protamine deficiency has profound effect on fertilization failure in ICSI

Cryptosporidium infection in human diarrhoea patients in west Azerbaijan, Iran

The stool samples from 363 diarrhoeic and non- diarrhoeic children and adults from several locations in two towns of west Azerbaijan area of Iran examined for Cryptosporidium infection by modified Ziehl- Neelsen technique revealed the presence of infection in 7.66% of diarrhoeic patients and in none of the non- diarrhoeic individuals. The percentage of detection was higher among females [11.21%] than males [4.96%]. 10.12 percent of children below five years of age and 4.65% of those between five and 15 years of age were positive, whereas only 2.12% of the adults were positive. The study has brought to light the existence of human Cryptosporidium infection in Iran perhaps for the first time