Genotyping of Chlamydia trachomatis from endocervical specimens in Shiraz, Iran

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis genotypes in Shiraz, Iran. Two hundred twelve cervical swab samples were collected from women attending Shahid Motahari Polyclinic in Shiraz, Iran. The endocervical specimens were screened for C. trachomatis by plasmid PCR. Genotyping was performed in C. trachomatis-positive samples by nested PCR amplification and sequencing of 571 fragment encompassing VD1 and VD2 of omp1 gene. The overall prevalence rate of C. trachomatis in endocervical specimens determined by plasmid nested PCR was 8%. The deduced serovars found, in descending order of prevalence, were F [46.6%], E [33.3%], and D [13.3%], and serovar G was found in a single sample. Sequence mutation analysis by BLAST search against GenBank reference sequences identified 4 genetic variants. This study can be considered a contribution to increasing knowledge on C. trachomatis genotype distribution and sequence variations within each genotype in Shiraz. Further studies are needed to better define molecular epidemiology of C. trachomatis serovars and to investigate its genotype variations in Iran

[In vitro antibacterial effects of marbofloxacin on microorganisms causing mastitis in cows]

Mastitis, inflammatory disease of mammary glands, can be caused by various microorganisms. Many antimicrobial agents have been evaluated to combat the causative agents. Development of resistance in pathogens against conventional antibiotics may be high; hence at present study in vitro efficacy of a new fluoroquinolone antibiotic [marbofloxacin] against isolated pathogens from clinical mastitis was examined. Milk samples [73] were taken from 28 dairy farms around Shiraz. Staphylococcus aureus [24.1%], Escherichia coli [18.1%], Streptococcus dysgalactiae [9.3%], Corynebacterium bovis [9.3%], Staphylococcus epidermidis [3.7%] and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [3.7%] were identified among 54 bacterial isolates. Antibiotic sensitivity test [Kirby-Bauer method] was carried out for marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, penicillin and tetracycline. Minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] and minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC] of marbofloxacin against sensitive bacteria were also determined. Results showed that we all isolated bacteria were sensitive to marbodloxacin, sensitivities against other antibiotics varied from zero to 94.1%. The values obtained as MIC and MBC of marbofloxacin against three bacterial isolates [Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Staphylococcus epidermidis] were in the range of 0.2 to 1.56 micro g/ml and 0.8 to 6.25 micro g/ml, respectively. Since the isolated bacteria showed adequate sensitivities to fluroquinolones, it is concluded that marbofloxacin can successfully be used for treatment of affected cows with clinical mastitis

[Identification and antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial isolates in faeces of healthy and diarrhoeic dogs in Shiraz]

In this study 77 and 86 bacterial strains were isolated from faeces of healthy and diarrhoeic dogs respectively. All Salmonella isolates were confirmed by PCR method using specific invA genes. Antibacterial activity of 8 routine antibiotics including tylosin, gentamycin, kanamycin, neomycin, tetracycline, oxy tetracycline, chloramphenicol and sulfadiazine on the isolated bacteria was evaluated by disk diffusion method. Isolated bacteria from faeces of healthy dogs were as follow: Escherichia coli [27.27%], Proteus mirabilis [23.38%], Lactobacilli [19.48%], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [11.69%], Staphylococcus aureus [5.19%], Bacillus cereus [4.49%], Corynebacteria [3.90%], and Clostridium perfringens [2.60%]. Isolated bacteria from faeces of diarrheic dogs were as follows: Escherichia coli [25.58%], Proteus mirabilis [22.09%], Lactobacilli [13.95%], Bacillus cereus [11.63%], Staphylococcus aureus [8.14%], Salmonella [8.14%], Corynebacteria [4.65%], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [4.65%], and Clostridium perfringens [1.16%]. The results showed that all isolated bacteria from diarrheal faeces were sensitive to sulfadiazine. However this antibiotic had weak antibacterial activity against gastrointestinal normal flora