RESUMEN
Autism is one the most disturbing neurodevelopmental disorders associated with any kinds of communicative problems and physical objects. This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of pivotal response treatment on communicative and behavioral disorder of 8-12 years-old autistic boys. This clinical trial study was done on 24 boys with autism [aged between 8-12 years] in pediatric rehabilitation clinic in Tehran, Iran, during 2011. Patients randomly were divided into two groups: control and pivotal response treatment [PRT]. The interventional group was received 20 session of PRT during the two months, but the control did not receive any intervention. All patients were examined in the field of social communicative, interactive disorder and self-stimulation behavior, using autism diagnostic interview revised. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 and MANCOVA test. The mean +/- SD of social communicative [18.58 +/- 0.45], interactive disorder [17.13 +/- 0.46], selfstimulations behavior [1.92 +/- 0.36] in interventional group were significantly lower than control with following index, 26.33 +/- 0.45, 23.11 +/- 0.48 and 6.16 +/- 0.37, respectively. This study showed that pivotal response treatment can be useful in communicative behavioral disorder of 8-12 years old autistic boys
RESUMEN
The survey was conducted on 2800 cases of animal and animal samples which were referred to veterinary clinic of shahrekord [center of Chaharmahal Bakhtiary Province in Iran], and 591 cases of human suspicious to salmonellosis that referred to infectious section of Ayatolah Kashany Hospital of Shahrekord, during December 1990 to September 1992. All of the samples were cultured on special bacteriological media of salmonella. The isolated salmonellae from those samples, identified by serological method [Kuffman-White]. From 2175 perished poultry 658 [30.25%] Salmonellae were isolated that 97% of them, were S. enteritidis and 7% were S.typhimurium. From 375 aborted sheep and goat fetus, 7 [1.8%] Salmonella abortus ovis were isolated. From 45 cases of diarhetic cows and calves 7 [15.5%] salmonellae were isolated, that 71% of them S. enteritidis and 29% were S.typhimurium. From 20 case of human that suspicious to salmonellosis collected the bone marrow, 3 [15%] salmonellae were isolated which 66.61 [2 case] of them were S.typhi and 33.3 [one case] was S.enteritidis. From 429 case of human blood culture suspicious to salmonellosis 13 [3.0%] salmonellae were isolated that 61.5% of them were S.typhi and 23.1% S.paratyphi A and 15.4% were S.enteritidis. The result obtain in the survey showed that 89.5% of salmonellae were S.enteritidis. S.enteritidis is an important cause of enteritis and food poisoning in human and animal. Serological study in human population in Chaharmahal Bakhtiary in this survey showed that 1.55% of persons that referred to medical diagnostic laboratories in Chaharmahal Bakhtiary province were positive in vidal test that 9.16% of them were related to group A salmonellae, 18.3% to group B salmonellae and 72.5% to group D salmonellae