Ultra structural of the human placenta under effect of the pre eclampsia

The human placenta is a transient organ that mediates physiological exchange between the mother and the developing fetus. It is genetically programmed for an existence of 9 months, It is important to realize that the placenta has both fetal and maternal parts and is therefore composed of cells of two different genotypes, also it focused by some diseases, the pre-eclampsia is one of them the incidence of pre eclampsia varies between 5 and 10 per cent depending on the exact definition used and the population studied, the pre-eclampsia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both the mother and fetus, the etiology and pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia is unknown, but reduced choriodecidual blood flow and uteroplacental ischemia is constant features, This study was performed to investigate the ultra structural changes of the placenta under effect of pre-eclampsia. Twenty full term [38-40 weeks of gestation] placentae were used in this study, 10 placentae obtained from normal females aged thirty to thirty five years old after normal vaginal delivery, the other 10 placentae obtained from females aged thirty to thirty five years old and diagnosed pre-eclampsia patient, Two samples were taken from the maternal surface and prepared to examined by the electron microscope. The structure of the placenta was affected in the patient suffering from pre-eclampsia where the nucleus of the trophoblast cells has dark chromatin with irregularity in the nuclear envelop, the cytoplasm were contained degenerative areas and irregular shaped vacuoles the mitochondrial degeneration were apparent, the fibroblast and lymphocytes infiltration were found, the wall of the villus blood vessels was thick with damage of the endothelial lining, also the microvilli on the outer surface of the syncytiotrophoblast were reduced and rudimentary

Serum sodium level in children receiving home-mixed oral rehydration solution

This study aimed at studying the serum sodium level in infants receiving home-mixed oral rehydration solution [ORS] for the prevention and treatment of dehydration caused by acute infantile diarrhea. It included 100 infants aged from 2-18 months, having received ORS at home during the last 24 hours. All cases were subjected to full clinical examination and to a questionaire about the amount, the reconstittution of ORS as well as any other food or additional fluids adminestered with it. The questionaire included also an inquiry on the source of knowledge of the mothers about ORS and feeding practice during diarrhea. Measurement of serum sodium proved that it ranged from 120-170 with a mean of 142.2 +/- 10.36 m Eq/Litre a value which though still within normal range was significantly higher than that reported for normal controls of matching age. Only 6% of patients showed a serum sodium level above 150 m Eq/Litre and all were asymptomatic. A positive correlation could be found only between serum sodium level and the degree of dehydration. The results were discussed

Low sodium oral rehydration solution versus the W.H.O. Formula in the correction of dehydration in children

This work aimed at comparing the efficacy and safety of an ORS solution containing 60 mEq/ litre of sodium versus the standard WHO formula [ORS-90]. It included 50 wellnourished infants with mild to moderate dehydration classified into 2 groups of 25 each. Mothers were allowed to give either ORS solution to dehydrated infants ad-libitum and feeding was allowed only after correction of dehydration. The study proved that there was no significant differences between both groups as regards the speed of rehydration the amount of ORS needed for rehydration and the weight gain after rehydration as well as the mean serum sodium and potassium. After rehydration, all cases of hyponatremia were corrected in both groups. Asymptomatic hypernatremia was still present in 12% of cases in the ORS-90 group while the risk of hypernatremia was nil in the ORS-60 group. These results were discussed