Effect of fusarium wilt disease on peanut plants and their biological and chemical control

Two field experiments were conducted at Muqdadiya and Khanaquin, iyala province during the season 2002, revealed the importance of the fusarium wilt disease caused by the fungus Fusarium solani on peanut plants. The percentage of infected plants ranged between 52.8 and 61.2%, while the yield significantly decreased to 1430 and 866 Kg/donum respectively. Treated seeds with biopesticide Tahadi Trichodetma harzianum at rate 5 g/Kg. seeds or with mixed fungicide Celest at rate 5 cc. 7500 cc. water and the insecticide Cruiser at rate 16 cc. /Kg. seeds, achieved highest significant differences in yield components and yield compared to the other treatments. Untreated plants was 1780 and 1303 Kg/donum for Tahadi, while for mixed pesticides was 1820 and 1335 Kg/donum, in both locations respectively.In spite of the treatment with the fungicides Celest or Captan increased the yield significantly compared to those plants treated with Cruiser, Sevin 85% or untreated plants. The results showed no significant differences between both fungicides, but their efficacy was significantly less than the biopesticide Tahadi or the mixed pesticides [Celest + Cruiser]

Influence of the biological and chemical pesticides and foliar fertilization in controlling the appearance of citrus trees deterioration at Rashidiya

Application of the bio-agent fungi Trichoderma harzianum and Paecilomyces lilacinus to the naturally infested soil with citrus root nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans and pathogenic fungi during autumn season 1999, revealed a significant decrease in their population densities compared with untreated [control] trees after two years of application. Application of Cadusafus [Rugby] and Agrifos together confirmed their high efficacy in controlling the nematode-fungi disease complex and significantly decreased their population densities. Besides the growth parameters and the yield/tree, significantly improved and increased up to 78.3, 75.6 and 71.4% of the treated trees with P. lilacinus, T. harzianum and Rugby + Agrifos, respectively two years after soil application. When foliar fertilizers sprayed to the trees regularly for 6 months [May -October] at two weeks intervals in each year, the yield/tree improved and increased more up to 80.3, 78.2 and 78.2%, respectively

Measurement of glomerular filtation rate under cimetidine and ACE inhibitor [cilazapril] in renal transplant patients

To ameliorate the performance of serum creatinine [SCr] as an estimate of glomeular filtration rate [GFR] and functioning renal mass by blocking secretion with Cimetidine and limiting hyperfiltration with Cilazapril. Twenty renal transplant patients [mean age 37.5 years] with a stable renal function were divided into 2 groups [s. creatinine 1.2 mg]. Baseline renal function was measured by serum creatinine, creatinine clearance [CrCI], Cr51EDTA and repeated 48 hours after Cimetidine 2000 mg/day. The tests were performed again 15 days after the administration of Cimetidine and Cilazapril 2.5 mg/d. As expected SCr rose moderately when tubular secretion was blocked with Cimetidine. Cilazapril, however, failed to induce any modification in SCr, CrCI or Cr51EDTA clearance. In early renal failure, SCr is still an acceptable estimate of GFR in most patients. Cilazapril did not result in significant reduction in GFR [at least acutely]. Long term follow-up is required to verify this point and to demonstrate any additional beneficial effect