[Evaluation of the effects of oral Ketamine as an adjuvant drug in treatment of renal colic]

Oral Ketamine is used as a low side effect analgesic in comparison with opioids, in different pain syndromes. This study is designed to evaluate the effect of oral Ketamine in renal colic treatment. In this clinical trial study 104 patients with renal colic, hospitalized in emergency department, were divided into two groups by Random block design. Group B received Pethidine [1 mg/kg up to 100 mg] and placebo, and group A received Pethidine with the same dose and Ketamine [0.5 mg/kg]. All patients were assessed for pain by using VAS chart, for nausea by a 0-3 scale and for the number of vomiting; at baseline and 1, 2 and 3 hours after taking drug. The results were analyzed by t-test. Average pain score and vomiting in all times and nausea score in one and three hours after receiving drugs were reduced significantly in patients who took Pethidine and Ketamine comparing patients who took Pethidine and placebo[p < 0.05]. Regarding the significant effect of Ketamine in reduction of pain, nausea and vomiting without side effects, it is possible to use Ketamine as an adjuvant drug in treatment of renal colic and to reduce narcotic dosage

[ effectiveness of oral capsule prepared from the inner layer of hen's crop in treatment of urolithiasis]

Urolithiasis as the most common disorder of urinary tract, could be treated and prevented by different methods .In this study according to the traditioial medicine recommendations, the powder prepared from inner layer of hell's crop, in the form of oral capsules [druge] were used for elimination of urinary stones. This is a clinical trial study. In this study 60 urolithiasis patients, were diagnosed by urologist were studied in two equal case and control groups. All the patients were treated classically for urolithiasis whereas the case group was also treated by druge and control group used placebo. In both groups, the effectiveness of treatment was assessed by clinical indexes, and radiology and sonography evaluations. Data was analyzed using Man Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests. The results of this study showed that, there were no significant differences between case and control groups for rate and duration time of stone elimination. In spite of traditional medicine comments, the usage of inner layer of hen's crop was not effective on solubility, elimination and treatment of urolithiasis