[Detection of drug resistance gene in trichomonas vaginalis by PCR]

Trichomoniasis is a worldwide protozoan parasitic disease. Considering the importance of the disease in public health and the controversial ideas about the prevalence of drug resistance, this study was designed to determine the prevalence of metronidazole resistance gene in trichomonas vaginalis [T. vaginalis] with PCR-RFLP method in Tehran and in Kashan. In this descriptive study 140 samples of T. vaginalis in patients with T. vaginalis infections were collected and assessed microscopically. Then they were isolated and examined by culturing in dorset's medium, DNA extraction and PCR amplification. The PCR products were analyzed using RFLP and suspected samples were sequenced. All but 7 samples were T. vaginalis positive by PCR. Sixty-two samples [44.4%] were examined by microscopic, culture and PCR techniques; 12 samples [8.5%] by microscope and PCR, 56 samples [40%] by culture and PCR and other 3 samples [2.1%] were positive only by PCR. Two samples [1.5%] were also examined for detection of mutation in 18S rRNA gene with RFLP in Tehran. This study shows that T. vaginalis infections in the female population living in Tehran are metronidazole-resistant. Since metronidazole is considered as the drug choice for T. vaginalis infections, more studies are recommended for identification of the drug resistance mechanisms and prevention of the disease

[Cytolethal distending toxin [CDT] produced by Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from chikens by tissue culture method in Isfahan]

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common bacterial cause of diarrheal disease in humans throughout the world. Contamination is mainly linked to the consumption of undercooked food products contaminated with Campylobacters. The most characterized toxin proposed is CDT, which has been detected in several Campylobacter species. With regard to the role of broiler chickens in transmission of campylobacter to human and the possible role of CDT in the pathogenesis of Campylobacter, detection of Campylobacter producing CDT is necessary. In this study 368 rectal swabs were collected from chikens. All the specimens were cultured on Skirrows and Blood agar and incubated in microaerophilic conditions at 42°C for 48-72 h. Hella cell was applied to detect CDT in C. jejuni and coil. Campylobacter strains were isolated from 114 [31%] of 368 chicken [101 C. jejuni and 13 C. coli]. Toxin production in C. jejuni and C. coil was 94% and 76.9% respectively. It seems that the majority of C. jejuni and C. coli produce CDT although C. jejuni produces a higher titer

invitro study of micro10 solution's capability of endodontic hand instruments sterilization

Microorganisms have an essential role in pulpo-periapical pathosis, therefore obtaining a successful treatment has a direct relationship with their elimination. According to previous studies, the most reliable method of sterilization is autoclave,but in some instances there are limitations for using this method, and we need an alternative.One of the most popular and wide-spread materials in this field is Micro10 solution. The aim of this research is to determine the sterilization effect of Micro10 solution on endodontic hand instruments. 1200 endodontic hand files were selected for this study, [15 groups of 80 files]. Each bacterial group was prepared in 0.5 Mc Farland standard concentration [1.5 x 10 [8]]. Every 5 groups of files were contaminated with one of bacterial samples. Then each group of contaminated files, underwent sterilization process, using one of the following methods: a] Application of autoclave, b] Application of 2% Micro10 solution, in 15 minutes, c] Application of 2% Micro10 solution, in 60 minutes, d] Application of 10% Micro10 solution, in 15 minutes, and e] Application of 10% Micro10 solution, in 60 minutes. The results of this study indicated that only in group 1 [autoclave] all of samples were sterile, but in other groups sterility diminished to 82.1% [group2], 83.3% [group 3], 90.8% [group 4], and 93.3% [group 5]. Only autoclave is a reliable method for obtaining a sterile condition and Micro10 solution at the most is just a good disinfectant, especially in 10% concentration. Also we concluded that the concentration of Micro10 solution has a direct effect on its killing ability of bacteria, while duration of process [60 minutes versus 15 minutes] has no effect

Effect of fluoride mouthrinse and toothpaste on number of streptococcal colony forming units of dental plaque

Frequent topical fluoride therapy through toothpaste, mouthrinse, professional gels and solutions causes decrease in incidence, pause and repair of dental caries in the enamel. These mechanisms are done through penetration of fluoride ions [F-] and their replacement with hydroxyl ions [OH-] of hydroxyappatite of enamel, interfere with microbial metabolism of dental plaque and bacteriostatic effect on some cariogenic bacterial strains such as streptococci. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of fluoride mouthrinse and toothpaste on the number of streptococcal colony forming units of dental plaque. 62 children with 6-7 years old were put in two groups. Samples of dental plaque from each group were collected both before and after use of the fluoride mouthrinse and or toothpaste. The samples were cultured on blood agar to find the number of streptococcal colony forming units [CFU]. The mean colony forming unit was compared inter and intra groups before and after application of Fluoride products. The streptococcal CFU of dental plaque before and after use of the mouthrinse and toothpaste respectively was [1240 +/- 1367, 1253 +/- 1341.5] and [551 +/- 716, 898 +/- 1151]. Statistically, the streptococcal CFU in each group before and after use of the toothpaste and mouthrinse was significantly different. The findings of this study indicated that the fluoride toothpaste and mouthrinse reduce number of streptococcal colony forming units of dental plaque. Also this reduction was not depended on level of [F-] Ions, sort of vehicle of fluoride and frequent application of the fluoride mouthrinse and toothpaste