RESUMEN
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections. Because of increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance, treatment of staphylococcal infections has been made difficult. Therefore, continuous evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial resistance pattern is of great importance. In this descriptive study, we evaluated 131 positive cultures of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from blood, abscess, urine and other body fluids in various wards of the pediatric hospital. The pattern of antibiotic resistance was determined by disk diffusion test. Demographic data and the history of antibiotic therapy analyzed with t-test and qui-square test using SPSS version11.5. Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to various antibiotics was as follow: vancomycin [98.4%], ceftriaxon [61.5%], amikacin [58.3%] ceftizoxim [52.8%], erythromycin [50%], cephalexin [48.3%] and Amoxicillin [2.6%]. Forty eight percent of all cases were due to nosocomial infections. The relation between nosocomial infections and the antibiotic resistance was statistically significant. Increased rate of resistance to cephalexin, erythromicin and amikacin in this study may be due to the presence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus or the overuse of these antibiotics. Isolation of two cases of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus emphasizes on the appropriate use of this antibiotic. Evaluation of vancomycin resistance Staphylococcus aureus by the other standard methods is recommended