Molecular epidemiology of antibiotic associated diarrhoea due to clostridium dificile and clostridium perfring ensin Ain Shams University Hospitals

As we are Iiving in the era of antibiotic overuse, antibiotic associated dlarrhea [AAD] is considered now a distinct health problem with a need for more attention was to perform a highly specific detection and definition of pathogenic Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile related AAD in children compared to adults and geriatircs. One hundred and fifty patients diagnosed for AAD were included in this study [50 children, 50 adults and 50 geriatric patients]. All of them were subjected to full medical history including complete therapeutic history of antibiotics and collection of stool sample during the attack for detection of Clostridium perfingenes enterotoxin [CPEnt] and Clostridium difficile cytotoxin by [EIA] kit. PCR detection of Clostridium perfingenes epegene [Coding gene for CPEnt] was perfomed as well. Results showed that prevalence of Clostridium difficile cytotoxin was 24% while Clostridium perfingenes enterotoxin was 12% as detected by EIA in faecal specimens as a whole. Detection of epe gene by PCR was positive in 16% of all cases. Children [OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.3-14.8, P

Assessment of the pattern and severity grading of acute poisoning in children admitted to Alexandria Poison Center

The present work aimed to study the pattern and severity grading of acute poisning among children. The study included all children less than 15 years [n=1072] who were admitted to Alexandria Poison Center [APC] at Alexandria Main University Hospital during six months period [Julyy - December 2000]. Children less than 5 years accounted for 62.8% of the total children where toddlers were the most vulnerable. Early adolescents 10 < 15 years constituted 26.1%, where grils significantly exceeded boys. Children with low and moderate socioeconomic levels represented 64.0% and 20.1% respectively. Accidental poisoning accounted for the majority of children [81.5%]; all of them were less than 5 years. Attempted suicide represented 17.9%, while overdose by addicting drugs constituted 0.6%, all were boys and 10 < 15 years. Non-drug poisoning represented 74.3%, while poisoning by drugs accounted for 17.5%. Carbon monoxide poisoning, animal poisons [snakes and scorpions] and plant poisoning constituted 6.7%, 1.2% and 0.3% respectively. Accordding to multicenter Study of Poisoning in Children [MSPC] score, the study revealed that children with score 0 [asymptomatic] represented 26.2%, those with scores 1 and 2 [mild and moderate] constituted 37.3% and 32.0% respectively, while scores 3 and 4 i.e. severe and very severe poisoning accounted for 3.9% and 0.7% respectively. It was noticed that the MSPC Severity Score goes hand in hand with Matthew and Lawson scale [M and L scale], where severe grades of coma by M and L scale i.e grades 3 and 4 have moderate, severe and very severe poisoning by MSPC Score

Treatment of un united fracture scaphoid by the matti-russe operation

18 cases [16 males and 2 females] of established non-union of fracture scaphoid were treated. The age of the patients ranged from 17 to 40 years with a mean age 25 years. Right side affected in 14 cases, and left side in 4 cases. Dominant hand was involved in 16 patients. Time relapsed before the operation ranged from 7 months and 18 months with a mean 10 months. Volar approach was used in all cases, and the cortico-cancellous graft was taken from iliac crest in 13 cases or from volar surface of the distal radius in 5 cases. The average follow up period was 13.2 months. Cortico-cancellous inlay graft gives good results in most cases

Biostatic activity of binary mistures of local anesthetics and preservatives

The biostatic activity of binary mixtures of five different preservatives with cinchocaine, Amethocaine, amylocaine, Lignocaine, and procaine was determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The preservatives used were Cetrimide, Chlorhexidine, Chlorocresol, Phenoxyethanol and phenylmercuric nitrate. The sensitivity of the three test organisms towards the different combinations varied to some extent. While 19,17 and 18 out of 25 combinations were synergistic with E. coli, S. Aureus, and S. cerevisiae respectively, 2,6 and 8 combinations were antagonistic against the same organisms. Out of the total 75 local anesthetic- preservative combinations studied, 55 showed synergistic biostatic activity while 12 displayed antagonism. The remaining 8 combinations were additive in action. The number of synergistic combinations were the following: amylocaine, 9; procaine, 9 Amethocaine, 11; cinchocaine, 12 and Lignocaine 13. More antagonistic combinations were observed with procaine [5], followed by amylocaine [3], then the other three local anesthetics. Regarding the preservative component of the local anesthetic-preservative combinations, those containing chlorocresol or Phenoxyethanol were mainly synergistic [13- 14 combinations out of 15 each] and showing no antagonism. Although local anesthetics mixed with Cetrimide, Chlorhexidine or phenylmercuric nitrate had synergistic combinations, their antagonistic ones were 1,5 and 6 respectively for the preservatives mentioned

Biostatic activity of binary mixtures of local anesthetics and preservatives

The biostatic activity of binary mixtures of five different preservatives with cinchocaine, amethocaine, amylocaine, lignocaine, and procaine was determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cervesiae. The preservatives used were cetrimide, chlorhexidine, chlorocresol, phenoxyethanol and phenylmercuric nitrate. The sensitivity of the three test organisms towards the different combinations varied to some extent. While 19, 17 and 18 out of 25 combinations were synergistic with E. coli, S. aureus and S. cervesiae, respectively, 2, 6 and 8 combinations were antagonistic against the same organisms. Out of the total 75 local anesthetic preservative combinations studied, 55 showed synergistic biostatic activity, while 12 displayed antagonism. The remaining 8 combinations were additive in action. The number of synergistic combinations were as follows: Amylocaine, 9, procaine, 9, amethocaine, 11, cinchocaine, 12 and lignocaine 13. More antagonistic combinations were observed with procaine [5], followed by amylocaine [3], then the other three local anesthetics. Regarding the preservative component of the local anesthetic preservative combinations, those containing chlorocresol or phenoxyethanol were mainly synergistic [13-14 combinations out of 15 each] and showing no antagonism. Although local anesthetics mixed with cetrimide, chlorhexidine or phenylmercuric nitrate had synergistic combinations, there antagonistic ones were 1, 5 and 6, respectively, for the preservatives mentioned