Phytochemical constituents of arthrocnemum glaucum [del.] and their biological activities

The lipid contents of Arthrocnemum glaucum Del. grown in Egypt were studied. The unsaponifiable fraction was identified by GLC. A series of hydrocarbons ranging from C[12]-C[20] in addition to cholesterol, p-sitosterol and the triterpenoid p-amyrin were identified. GLC analysis of the fatty alcohol fraction revealed the presence of 5 components in which hexacosanol was found to be the major component, also GLC analysis of the fatty acids methyl esters revealed the presence of 10 fatty acids. The flavonoidal constituents were identified as apigenin, isorhamnetin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, chrysoeriol and ferulic acid using PC, TLC, UV, MS and FAB-MS. The crude protein of the plant was found to be 15.1%. The analysis of amino acids using the amino acid analyzer revealed the presence of 18 amino acids. The mucilage hydrolysate of the aerial parts of A. glaucum was found to contain arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucuronic acid and galactose using PC. The ethyl acetate fraction showed high antimicrobial activity against gram -ve, gram +ve bacteria, yeast and fungi, while the chloroform fraction showed moderate activity against gram -ve bacteria and yeast. On the other hand fatty acid and fatty alcohol mixtures showed high antimicrobial activity, also isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and chrysoeriol showed significant activity against gram -ve bacteria

Chromium hazard removal by immobilized biomass of saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL 567

The immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL 567 biomass has been used to demonstrate its potential for removal and recovery of chromium ions from waste water streams. The immobilization process was carried out using three different immobilizing agents namely; Ca alginate, polyacrylamide and silica gel. Tris-HCI [pH 7.2] was the most suitable buffer for chromium removal on using the tested immobilizing agents. Ca alginate 3%, at residence time 30 min offered high removal of chromium ions [81.1%]. However, silica gel was found to be the best immobilizing agent, since 91.6% of chromium ions were removed. Furthermore, on increasing the dry weight of the used S. cerevisiae up to 50 mg/ml of the buffered chromium solution, the amount of the removed chromium ions reached about 97%. Elution of loaded chromium ions from the yeast cells immobilized on silica gel was successively achieved using 1% EDTA solution. Similarly, HCI and H[2]SO[4] solutions were found to be efficient in releasing chromium ions

lipid and flovonoidal constituents of Aerva javonica webb in hook. F. and their antimicrobial activity

The flavonoidal constituents isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of aqueous alcoholic extract of Aerva javanica [var. Bovi] were identified as chrysoeriol, isorhamnetin 3-0-rutinoside and kaempferol 3-0-robinoside using MP, PC, TLC, UV, 1H-NMR and MS analyses. Also, the lipid content was studied. GLC analysis of unsaponifiable fraction revealed the presence of a series of hydrocarbons ranging from C13-C30; in addition, campsterol, beta-sitosterol and the triterpenoid alpha- and beta-amyrin as well as fatty alcohol fraction ranging from C26-C36 were identified. The fatty acid fraction revealed the presence of 14 fatty acids, in which pentadecanoic acid represented the major constituent [20.39%]. The ethyl acetate extract showed a significant antimicrobial activity against G -ve bacteria, yeast and fungi; while, the isolated flavonoidal compounds, isorhamnetin 3-0-rutinoside and chrysoeriol, showed a marked activity against G -ve bacteria. On the other hand, the fatty acids mixture showed a great activity against G -ve and G +ve bacteria, while fatty alcohols showed a significant activity against G +ve bacteria

Phenolic acids from nymphaea hybrida tach v and antimicrobial activity

Gallic and ellagic acids were isolated from the aerial parts of Nymphaea hybrida Tach. V. for the first time, identified by spectroscopic techniques. They showed significant antimicrobial activity

Effect of nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside on the intracranial pressure and volume pressure response in neurosurgical patients

Intracranial pressure [ventricular fluid pressure, VEP] and volume pressure response were measured in two groups of neurosurgical patients anesthetized with nitrous oxide and intravenous fentanyl. Ventilation of the patients was controlled with normocapnia. An infusion of NTG was given in one group of 20 patients and another infusion of SNP was given in another group of 20 patients to decrease the mean blood pressure to 95%, 85% and 78% of the control. The VFP and VPR under NTG and SNP infusion were significantly higher than control measurements. This signifies that the intracranial contents are less compliant under the infusion of both drugs