Interactive effects of water stress and gibberellic ai cd on mineral composition of fenugreek plant

12 days-old fenugreek plants were grown in stressed nutrient solutions imposed by NaCl or PEG 4000 to obtain isosmotic solutions of osmotic potentials ranging from 0 to -8 bars. The different stress levels were applied from the onset of germination in treatment I, while in treatment II, the stress levels were applied after 5 days of germination at zero stress level. The interactive effects between GA3, as a presoaking medium, and water stress was also studied. At the lowest osmotic potential, the shoots of salt-stressed plants from both treatments had higher sodium and chloride contents and lower potassium, calcium, magnesium and total phosphorus levels. Such ionic composition was altered in PEG-stressed plants, where the contents of sodium, magnesium and chloride were greatly reduced and balanced by an increase in the level of potassium, calcium and total phosphorus compared with those under saline condition. A similar pattern of ionic changes was demonstrated in GA3-presoaked plants when the external osmotic potential level decreased Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl- and insoluble phosphorus fraction, it decreases the Mg2+ level under control and each stress condition

Synthesis and reactions on Naryl-2-pyridones

Previous works showed that 2-[lH]-pyridones do not undergo the ordinary reactions of carbonyl compounds. When benzalaceto phenone [I] reacted with cyanoacetanilide [II] in presence of ammonium acetate three products were obtained which corresponded to IV, V and VI[1-3]. The synthesis of pyridine derivatives by the condensation of ethyl cyanoacetate with unsaturated ketones in the presence of excessive ammonium acetate was reported. The present paper reports on the synthesis of l-aryl-2-pyridones by the reaction of cyanoacetanilide [I] and chalcone [II] in the presence of ammonium acetate at 160-170 degree, to give three products 3-cyano-2 [l-phenyl]-2-pyridones [IV], 3-cyano-2 [1-phenyl] piperidones [Va-c] and 2-amino-4,6-diphenyl nicotinoanilides [Vla-c]. The reactants undergo Michael addition, followed by cyclization to form tetrahydropyridone derivative [III] which is dehydrogenated into pyridone [IV] at the expense of another pyridone molecule [III] which is, of necessity, reduced into the corresponding hexahydro derivative [V] [c.f. scheme A]

Half-chair conformation of Pyridazin-3-one and 1,2oxazin-6-one by 1H-NMR studies

[1] H -nmr spectra of pyridazinone and oxazinone have shown half-chair conformation. The investigated compounds exist in racemic mixtures

Reactivity of 4,6-diacetylcyclohexenones towards some nucleophilic reagents

It has been reported, acetylacetone easily condensed with chalcone under Michael conditions to give the corresponding cyclohexenone derivative. Thus, condensation of acetylacetone with mono-arylidene-acetylacetone I [a and b] in the presence of sodium ethoxide afforded the formation of tetraketone addition products I la and b or the corresponding cyclohexenone derivatives IIIa and b depending on the reaction conditions. Reaction of acetylacetone with I in the presence of sodium ethoxide solution at room temperature gave rise to the corresponding Michael addition products II [a and b] respectively

Behaviour of 4- [3-oxo-13-diarylpropyl] -1-phenyl-3,5pyrazolidindiones towards some nucleophilic reagents

Substituted pyrazolidinedione have received considerable attention in recent years and their application as dyes for plastics, paper and varnishes have been reported. Pyrazolidinedione derivatives exhibiting analgesic antipyretic, antirheumatic and antiphlogistic activities also have been reported. This prompted us to synthesize new pyrazolidinedione derivatives through the nucleophilic addition of l-phenyl-3, 5-pyrazolidinedione to chalcone and study the behaviour of the adducts towards different reagents