RESUMEN
Over a period of one year [Nov., 2007-Oct., 2008] a total of 1757 Holstein-Friesian cows belonging to a commercial dairy farm in Giza-Egypt were included in this investigation. Somatic cell count [SCC] as a measure of subclinical mastitis was recorded for three times in three consecutive months. Bacteriological examination was also done for milk sample. Reproductive data including days to first insemination, number of inseminations per conception [S/C] and days open [DO] were individually recorded, also the percentage of cows conceived by 305 days in milking [DIM] and percentage of culled cows for reproductive failure were recorded. The obtained data were recorded .The animal status [parity and reproductive status] as well as the establishment and degrees of affection were also considered. The obtained results were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results revealed that, the incidence of subclinical mastitis was 31.75 and 23.79% of the total lactating non pregnant and lactating pregnant cows, respectively. Among cases of subclinical mastitis, 75% were bacteriolo-gically positive. Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae were the prevalent isolates. The adverse effects of subclinical mastitis on the reproductive performances in dairy herd included prolonged days to first insemination; Days open; increased number of inseminations per conception and culling rate for infertility. The establishment of subclinical mastitis during the interval to first insemination prolonged this stage while, the establishment from the first insemination to the fertile one prolonged the days open and increase the number of inseminations per conception.lt could be concluded that, subclinical mastitis was associated with unfavourable effects on reproductive performance of dairy cows. Therefore, the appropriate management of lactating dairy cows to minimize the incidence of mastitis should increase the profitability of dairy herds not only by improving milk quality, reducing the use of antibiotics, reducing the amount of milk discarded, and reducing involuntary culling, but also by improving reproductive performance
Asunto(s)
Preñez , ReproducciónRESUMEN
This study was carried out on 81 cows [48 vaginal and 33 uterine prolapses] and 83 buffalo-cows [53 vaginal and 30 uterine prolapses] belonging to 8 commercial dairy farms located in Beni-Suef, El-Menia and El-Fayoum provinces in the period from January 2006 to December 2008. A modified surgical technique and epidural analgesic regimen were applied on the investigated animals and compared with the field traditionally used technique. A total of 81 cases of prolapses from 3330 calveings [243%] were recorded, 48 cases [1.44%] of them were vaginal prolapse and 33 cases [0.99%] were uterine prolapse. Concerning buffalo cows, out of 1680 calvings, a total of 83 cases [4.94%] had prolapses, including 53 cases [3.15%] vaginal prolapse and 30 cases [1.78%] uterine prolapse. The incidence of reproductive tract prolapse was higher in multiparous aged cows [93.75% and 87.88% vaginal and uterine prolapse, respectively] than in primiparous cows [6.25% and 12.12% vaginal and uterine prolapses, respectively] and also higher in cows with poor body condition scores [1.66% vaginal and 1.10% uterine] than in well fed animals with good body condition score [1.05% vaginal and 0.91% uterine]. Buffalo cows showed the same trend. About 4 5.83% of cows with vaginal and 33.33% of cows with uterine prolapse were previously suffered from vaginal prolapse, while only 16.66% of cows with vaginal and 12.12% of those with uterine prolapse were previously suffered from uterine prolapse. This indicated that uterine prolapse is not a heritable condition, and it is not likely to reoccur, and there is no need to cull the cow as long as she breeds back, controversial to vaginal prolapses that reoccur and are heritable and needs culling of the cow and her heifer offspring. The investigated fertility parameters in unaffected animals were better than females affected with prolapses, although better non significant differences were detected with modified method than traditional ones. The incidence of postoperative complications in groups of animals treated with the modified technique were significantly [p<0.01] lower than in animals treated with traditional technique. Concerning the survival rate of the affected animals, higher percentages were recorded after using the modified technique. In general, the prognosis was favorable for uncomplicated cases. In conclusion, early hygienic interference and prompt treatment using the modified technique may be imperative to improve the prognosis by reducing the postoperative complications and increasing the future fertility of affected animals