Callus Induction, Proliferation, Enhanced Secondary Metabolites Production and Antioxidants Activity of Salvia moorcroftiana L. as Influenced by Combinations of Auxin, Cytokinin and Melatonin

Abstract: Tissue culture technique is one of the best methods to reproduce salvia plant Therefore, the aim of this research was to enhance the in-vitro callus proliferation and production of secondary metabolites of S. moorcroftiana using different combinations of auxin, cytokinin and melatonin. Initially, callus induction was optimized using indole acetic acid (IAA), 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) applied at different concentrations in combination with 1 mg L-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The results indicates that earliest days to callus induction (14.67 days) was occurred in the media fortified with 2, 4-D+BAP (2.0+1.0 mgL-1). Whereas the highest callus initiation (100%) was induced on MS medium incorporated with 2,4-D+BAP (1+1mgL-1). Furthermore, maximum fresh weight was obtained when 2,4- D + BAP at the rate of (1+ 1mg L-1) was incorporated and dry weight was attained when 2,4- D + BAP at the rate of (2+1 mg L-1) was added to MS media. The maximum fresh and dry weight was obtained when melatonin at rate of 1.5 mg L-1 was supplemented with MS media including 2,4-D + BAP (1+1mg L-1), moreover the maximum DPPH scavenging activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content was noted when supplemented with melatonin at rate of 1.5 mg L-1. In conclusion, among various concentrations of plant growth regulators, 2,4- D + BAP at the rate of (1+ 1mg L-1) along with 1.5 g L-1 melatonin was the best for callus growth and production of secondary metabolites of S. moorcroftiana.

Emergency obstetrics care services in district neelum, Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Globally 529,000 women die annually due to pregnancy related problems and in Pakistan alone this toll is about 35,000 deaths per annum. This situation is even more critical in the rural remote areas of Azad Jammu and Kashmir [AJK]. The whole phenomenon needs a contextual assessment to ascertain the geographical, financial and socio cultural accessibility, and availability of EmOC services in order to generate fresh evidence for the decision makers and concerned stakeholders for improving these services. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire with the women delivered in the last 15 days, whereas the geographical accessibility and availability of EmOC services were assessed by visiting EmOC facilities in the district Neelum of AJK. Over a hundred women delivered in the last 15 days, participated in the study. Geographically, a central EmOC facility is far away and the terrain is hilly and dangerous. Women's social status, education, husband's employment and household income were found to have a significant association with the use of EmOC services. The health facilities audit showed that around 90% centres do not have a female medical officer appointed. Moreover, the state of the equipment, medicines and the basic utilities such as water, sanitation, and electricity are not satisfactory. Accessibility of EmOC services is poor in the district Neelum. Evidence on ground calls for organisational reforms at EmOC service delivery level as well as for long term planning in other sectors for improving socioeconomic and education status of the women in Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Primary thyroid lymphoma: a rare thyroid malignancy

Incidence of thyroidal masses is very high with predominance in females. Most of these masses are benign. Malignancy can be of thyroid or non-thyroid origin. Surgery is treatment of choice in the former but not in latter. Primary thyroid lymphoma [PTL] is a rare cause of thyroid malignancy of non-thyroid origin which is highly treatable without surgery but early diagnosis is important requisite to have better outcome. Fine needle aspiration cytology [FNAC] is an important tool in early diagnosis of PTL, which enables doctors to treat patient better without major surgery and its morbidity. Two cases of primary thyroid lymphoma are hereby presented. The patient diagnosed on FNAC had better outcome than the one who had major surgery

Light quality and temperature effects on antirrhinum growth and development / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

An experiment was carried out to examine the effects of light quality on the growth and development of antirrhinum under three different temperatures 19 degrees C, 24 degrees C and 27 degrees C in glasshouses. Five different colour filters (i.e. 'Red absorbing', 'Blue absorbing', 'Blue and Red absorbing' and two 'partially Blue absorbing' materials) were tested, with one clear polythene as a control. Plant height, internode length and leaf area were significantly affected by the spectral filters as well as the temperature. Analysis of color filter's effect on presumed photoreceptors to exist indicated that antirrhinum plant height was regulated by the action of a blue acting photoreceptor (BAP) and not the phytochrome. There was no evidence for an effect of phytochrome or BAP on time to flowering, however, increasing temperature levels effectively decreased the time to flowering. To predict the effects of different spectral qualities and temperature, simple models were created from data on plant height, internode length and time to flowering. These models were then applied to simulate the potential benefits of spectral filters and temperature in manipulation of growth control and flowering in antirrhinum.

Hypolipidemic therapy in patients of coronary heart disease

Ten patients of coronary heart disease and having hyperlipidemia of mild to moderate degree were included in the present study after their consent. They were divided into three groups. Subjects in group a, b and c were kept on lopid, mevacor band bezalip respectively for fifteen days with the consultation of physician. Change in the blood level of Triglycerides [Decrease] and High density lipoprotein [Increase] produced as a result of lopid therapy was much more pronounced as compared with that produced as a result of mevacor therapy, while mevacor was found to be more effective in lowering the level of cholesterol and low density lipoprotein. Bezalip also produced a marked change in blood lipid profile similar to that seen as a result of lopid therapy

survey of tuberculin test after BCG vaccination in children

A total of 595 children were tested for tuberculin sensitivity after BCG vaccination. These included 165 for tuberculin conversion and 430 for persistence of tuberculin sensitivity. The tuberculin conversion rate which was tested in children who had been given BCG not more than one year earlier was 87.9%. However, when tuberculin sensitivity was tested in children who had been given BCG two, three, four five years earlier, the tuberculin reactor rate was 66.3%, 47.9%, 34.1% and 19% respectively giving the impression of vanishing sensitivity with the passage of time after BCG vaccination. A longitudinal study is needed to confirm this finding