RESUMEN
The toxic effect of three insecticides: dimethoate [organophosphate insecticide], acetamiprid [neonicotinoid insecticide] and deltamethrin [pyrethroid insecticide] were evaluated in vitro on cultured Sf9 cell line. Cell growth inhibition was measured by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide [MTT] assay. Regression Analysis was used to estimate the 20% inhibition of cells growth [IC[20]]. The IC[20] values obtained for deltamethrin, acetamiprid and dimethoate were: 46.8, 61.6 and 68.9 micro M, respectively. The proportion of phagocytic cells was positively correlated with the applied concentrations of the insecticides
RESUMEN
The incidence of multi- and extensively drug-resistant TB cases is increasing in many countries. Resistance to rifampicin is widely considered a surrogate marker for multiple drug resistant TB. No efforts have been made to identify and quantify the drug-resistant genotypes in the Syrian and Lebanese communities. The genotypic characterization of rpo B mutations in the rifampicin drug-resistance region [RRDR] of resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Syrian and Lebanese patients. The pyrosequencing technique was applied to DNA derived from the M. tuberculosis isolates of 56 patients. RRDR sequencing identified 97 modified codons representing 35 different mutations; 31 [34%] of the 97 modifications were novel and have not been previously reported. The changes were mostly within codons 531 [37/97: 38%], 533 [28/97: 29%] and 526 [9/97: 9%]. Additionally, 30 [54%] isolates had multiple codon changes. This study indicates the importance of the RRDR hotspot region for the detection of rifampicin resistance in MTB clinical isolates from Syrian and Lebanese patients. However, new mutations and mutations in other locations within the RRDR were also observed. The vast majority [95%] of the studied isolates from this pool of patients contained mutations in codons 531 and/or 533
RESUMEN
Establishing a simple, cost effective and efficient method for the molecular epidemiologic examination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on double repetitive element polymerase chain reaction technique. Fourteen isolated and characterized Mycobacterium tuberculosis provided genomic samples for the amplification using the double repetitive element polymerase chain reaction method, the resulting DNA fragments were stained using silver staining and results were compared with the original detection method. The introduction of relatively simple modifications improved significantly the efficiency of isolate stain discrimination, without rendering the method more costly. The proposed improved method can be expected to better serve as a molecular epidemiologic technique for the fight against the widespread mounting threat of tuberculosis in developing countries