Evaluation of serum levels of homocysteine, C-peptide and lipid profile in type I and type II diabetic patients in Hawler province/ Iraq

Diabetes mellitus is associated with many complications such as cardiovascular disease, even in the presence of intensive glycemic control. Homocystein takes part in the development of atherosclerosis and vascular injury and it is suggested to contribute in atherosclerotic process of diabetes mellitus. C-peptide recently used to diagnose diabetes.The present study was designed to evaluate serum levels of Homocysteine, C-peptide levels and lipid profile in diabetic patients. This study includes 75 diabetic patients [35 type 1 and 40 type 2] and 30 controls. After 12 hours fasting, serum homocystiene, C-peptide, lipid profile, HbA1c and blood glucose were measured for patients and controls. The results showed that homocysteine level in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients significantly increased as compared with controls. And the C-peptide level in type 1 diabetic patient was very low, while in type 2 diabetic patients and in controls was normal. The results also showed that the lipid profiles [except HDL] were increased in diabetic patients. Serum homocysteine [Hcy] level and lipid profile [except HDL] are significantly elevated in diabetic patients. The C-peptide level in type 1 diabetic patient was very low, while in type 2 and controls was normal

Some important comparative parameters between patients with chronic renal failure and patients with diabetic nephropathy in Erbil

Patients with chronic renal failure and diabetic nephropathy reveals biochemical changes .this study aim to investigate the differences of some important biochemical changes in these two groups of patients in comparison with normal controls. [80] patients were selected with different renal disease complications. A control group of [30] healthy,18 males and 12 females were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups the first group with chronic renal failure, include [40] patients, [25] male and [15] female; the second group with diabetic - nephropathy, include [40] patients, [25] male, and [15] female. Determination of the biochemical compound level as creatinine, urea, uric acid, total protein [T.P], albumin, total cholesterol [TC], triglyceride [TG], low density lipo-protein [LDH-C], high density lipoprotein [HDL-c], and LDL-c/HDL-c ratio. Patients with chronic renal failure showed increasing levels of [creatinine, urea, - uric acid] in their serum, and lower levels of [total protein, albumin]. Mild increase in levels of [TC, LDL-c], while great increased level of triglyceride were recorded, also a great decline in the level of HDL-c was found, which indicate a high risk factor and moderate increase in [LDL-c/HDL-c] ratio .patients with diabetic nephropathy showed slight increase in the levels of [creatinine, urea, uric acid], however still lower than that in chronic renal failure group. Also they showed decreased levels of [total protein, albumin], but still lower than in chronic renal failure and increased level of [TC,TG, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C] which were greater than the increase in chronic renal failure .also decrease in the level of HDL-c, but still less than that in chronic renal failure. Patients with chronic renal failure or with diabetic nephropathy showed significant increase in the levels of creatinine, urea, and uric acid; and decreased levels of albumin and total protein. Both group of patients showed variation in their cholesterol, LDLc, triglyceride, and LDL/HDL-c ratio

lipid profile in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Erbil Governorate

Diabetes Mellitus is the most common endocrine-metabolic disease in children. Diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia frequently develop atherosclerosis which is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum lipids total serum cholesterol, total serum triglyceride [TGs], High density lipoprotein [HDL-C], Low density lipoprotein [LDL-C] and very low density lipoprotein [VLDL-C] in children with type-1 diabetes mellitus in comparison with controls, and to determine the relationship of lipid profile with gender, body mass index [BMI] and duration of diabetes among patients. In this case-control study, the lipid profiles of 52 patients aged 6-18 years [27 males 25 females] with established type 1 diabetes were compared with those of 52 healthy controls of the same age and gender from the first of December 2007 to the 29[th] of February 2008. The lipid profiles of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus showed the following values, the mean total serum cholesterol 175 +/- 55 mg/dl, total serum TGs 140 +/- 135 mg/dl, HDL-C 59 +/- 19 mg/dl, LDL-C 93 +/- 51 mg/dl and that of VLDL-C 23 +/- 13 mg/dl, whereas for the controls they were 136 +/- 34 mg/dl, 74 +/- 25 mg/dl, 53 +/- 15 mg/dl, 68 +/- 30 mg/dl and 15 +/- 5 mg/dl respectively. The abnormalities in lipid profile regarding total serum cholesterol, total serum TGs, LDL-C and VLDL-C showed that they were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control group, while HDL-C although it was higher among diabetic patients, but it was not statistically significant. Total serum TGs was significantly increased with the duration of diabetes