RESUMEN
Introduction: Single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] of the beta[2]-adrenergic receptor [beta[2]-AR] gene have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. This study evaluated two beta[2]-AR SNPs in association with myocardial infarction [MI], namely arginine-glycine [G16R] substitution at codon 16 and glutamine-glutamic [Q27E] substitution at condon 27
Objectives: Therefore, our main objective was to determine the association of these two SNPs among patients with MI with and without type 2 diabetes [T2D]
Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 201 MI patients with and without diabetes and from 115 controls and the beta[2]-AR gene polymorphisms at codon 16 and codon 27 were assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. The CHI[2] test was used to compare differences between groups
Results: The SNPs did not deviate significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the control population. The allele and genotype frequencies of the beta[2]-AR gene polymorphism at codon 16 [G16R] was significantly different between MI cases and controls [CHI[2] = 10.495, P < 0.05 and CHI[2] = 8.849, P < 0.05, respectively]. No significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies at codon 27 was shown between these two groups [CHI[2] = 2.661, P >/= 0.05 and CHI[2] = 1.587, P >/= 0.05, respectively]. When the MI patients with and without T2D were pooled together, genotype distribution was different between cases and controls at codon 16 [CHI[2] = 4.631, P = 0.099] and codon 27 [CHI[2] = 7.247, P = 0.027]. However, no significant differences were found in allele frequencies for codon 16 and codon 27 between the two groups [CHI[2] = 0.628, P = 0.428; CHI[2] = 0.33, P = 0.565, respectively]
Conclusion: Our findings indicate a moderate association of the beta[2]-AR G16R gene polymorphism with MI suggesting that this gene plays a universal role in the development of MI across ethnicities. However, there was no association of beta[2]-AR G16R gene polymorphism with diabetic patients with MI
RESUMEN
To evaluate the relation between snoring and the presence of obstructive sleep apnea [OSA] in terms of relevant health parameters and questionnaire responses. Selective random sampling within a household survey in the cities of Al-Khobar and Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over a 3 month period during the year 2000, was carried out. One hundred and fifty-two persons, aged 17-62 years, with a positive history of snoring as determined by the spouse or other members of the family were selected. The presence of OSA was determined using the Epworth sleepiness scale [ESS]. The predictors included age, gender and body mass index. Snoring was found to be more associated with OSA as suggested by ESS in the study sample. The severity of snoring and its pattern are more associated with apneic patients. Snoring is common and may be a serious medical problem. This study revealed that snoring is associated with symptoms suggesting OSA syndrome as detected by ESS. The family doctor and his team should be aware of the condition, using simple screening test such as ESS, improves the patient care, and finding of suspected cases