Comparison of Bolton ratio between two ethnic groups reporting to Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry [AFID] Rawalpindi

Objective: To compare the Bolton ratio between Punjabi and Pathan population reporting to Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry [AFID] Rawalpindi

Study Design: Comparative study

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthodontics at AFID Rawalpindi from May 2014 till Dec 2014

Material and Methods: On the basis of inclusion criteria; 107 good quality study casts out of 150 patients were selected. They were divided into Punjabi and Pathan groups. Both the Overall Bolton Ratio and Anterior Bolton Ratio were calculated for both of these groups. For comparison of their means an independent t test was applied. A p value was determined for anterior and overall Bolton Ratios at 95% confidence interval

Results: Our sample consisted of 52.3% females and 47.7% males. The percentage of the Punjabi population was 59.9% [n=64] and Pathan population was 40% [n=43]. Our mean Overall Bolton ratio calculated was 90.69%. The mean Anterior Bolton ratio calculation was 78.93%. The mean overall Bolton Ratio for Punjabi population was 90.24 and for Pathan population the Ratio was 91%. The mean anterior ratio for Punjabi population was 78.08 and for Pathan population the ratio was 80.19. The p value for overall ratio was .119 while for the anterior ratio the p value was .091

Conclusion: Differences were noted in Bolton Ratio [Overall Bolton Ratio and Anterior Bolton Ratio], but they were statistically insignificant

Dental fear and anxiety among orthodontic patients - a Pakistani sample

Objective of this study was to determine the frequency of anxiety levels among orthodontic patients using Norman Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale, [DAS] and its correlation with gender, age and education of patient. It was a cross sectional study. The study was carried out at Orthodontics Department, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry [AFID], Rawalpindi from October 2014 to January 2015. A self-reported assessment scale developed by N. Corah, Dental Anxiety Scale [DAS] was used in the study. It was used in the form of a questionnaire containing data on gender, age, education. A total of 350 questionnaires were distributed among consented participants and finally valid 233 questionnaires were recruited in the study. Out of 233 patients, 69 [30%] were male and 164 [70%] were females. 46% participants had mild anxiety score, whereas only 4% participants experienced severe anxiety. With higher education level of patient lesser anxiety score was reported in this study [p= 0.015]. Results showed that patients with higher education were significantly less dentally anxious [p<0.01] about orthodontic treatments than patients with lesser education. Demographic characteristics such as gender and age of the patient had statistically no significant effect on DAS

Kikuchi disease with associated systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report

This case report describes a 28 year old male patient presenting with low-grad fever, symmetrical polyarthritis, rash on palms, neck and trunk, oral ulcers and cervical, axillary and hilar lymphadenopathy. Other systemicexamination was unremarkable. Patient was diagnosed as Kikuchi-Fujimoto's disease on the basis of lymph node histopathology, which showed the pathognomonic [Acute Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis]. Concurrently diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] was also made because of the presence of five out of eleven criteria for the diagnosis of SLE. The five criteria which were present in this patient were oral ulcers, arthritis, proteinuria of 1295 mg/24 hrs, positive Antinuclear Antibody and positive anti-double stranded DNA

Carcinoma of temporal skin: an unusual presentation

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of skin is not very common. It has been reported from time to time particularly over the sights of chronic irritation. 2 cases are reported here where there was no pre-existing disease but turned to be Carcinoma

Weapons of mass destruction

The memory of the three most destructive wars in our life time leading to mass destruction, loss of lives and disability is still vividly fresh in our minds. Vietnam, Afghanistan and now Gulf war have produced catostrophic casualties and environmental changes. Financial losses are not to be considered. The biological, chemical and nuclear weapons might have added to the atmospheric pollution. This editorial from JAMA gives a beautiful illustration of such problems in the so called age of civilization. The editorial is in original. "The role of physicians and other health workers in the preservation and promotion of peace is the most significant factor for the attainment of health for all." This 1981 resolution of the World Health Assembly [resolution WHA 34.38] recognizes that the greatest threats to the health of the people of the world lie not in specific forms of acute or chronic disease. not even in poverty, hunger, or homelessness, but rather in the consequences of war. Any war, and even preparation for war, can of course lead to poverty, hunger, homelessness, and disease. Indeed, these consequences make even "victory," or the quest for "national security" through massive arms expenditures. seem hollow. Among the dangers of war, the greatest single threat lies in weapons of indiscriminate mass destruction, which THE JOURNAL recognizes annually with its Hiroshima anniversary Issue

Postoperative hemorrhage in tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy: an eight years harvest

Post operative haemorrhage is the commonest and most hazardous complication of Adeno- Tonsillectomy. It varies from centre to centre and is more common after a combined operation of Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy. A second anaesthetic in a bleeding child or adult with his stomach full of blood is a very high risk and dangerous procedure to be carried out [Davies 1964]. Although tonsillectomies are supposed to be a simple procedure, it must be realised that fatal haemorrhage costing the patient his life might still happen. The surgeon must therefore think very hard of these dangers before admitting a child for surgery

new book at the nasal adhesions

Formation of nasal adhesions is a troublesome complication following nasal surgery. They are more commonly seen after combined surgical procedures on the nose, but may also appear after a single procedure. We present and discuss this problem following correction of the nasal septum through submucosal resection

Extranasopharyngeal juvenile angiofibroma

A case of angiofibroma of nasal septum in a 12 years old boy is reported

Iatrogenic foreign bodies in mastoid and middle ear

Foregin bodies can enter the middle ear or mastoid by erosion. Two cases of such Foreign bodies are reported which were iatrogenic

Iatrogenic implantation of nasal tumour

Tumour cells can be implanted away from the site of original tumour by various methods, where tumour cells of the parent tumour start growing leading to new tumour formation. The mechanism is like simple implantation dermoids. The surgeons have always been cautious about it and have tried their best to avoid such occurrences. However even then accidents do happen. Such a case is described which is probably due to the implantation of tumour cells from one nasal cavity into the other previously normal side by using the instruments which were already used either for removing the tumour or for suction of the diseased nasal cavity

Carcinoma of the middle ear: a case report

A case is reported of a 55 year old man and with chronic otorrhoea of long outstanding origin which on biopsy proved to be well differenciated squamous cell carcinoma. Radiotherapy was done patient has been followed for 14 months without any recurrence. Rarity of the lesion is discussed and prevalence compared with other reported series

Tonsillectomy: a preliminary study

Tonsillectomy has been a controversial subject for a very long time. The Ear, Nose and Throat Surgeons are blamed for having them out without proper indications. Well, it might be so in some cases but not in all. A preliminary study is presented which proves that in properly assessed cases about 87.7% were supported to be indicated by Histopathological reports. Moreover about 31% had raised A.S.O. Titre which thus are Potentially at risk if not operated upon. We therefore are of the view that streptococcal sorethroats must be seriously assessed and the Tonsils removed if indicated