To Evaluate The Antimicrobial Efficacy Of Green Coffee Bean Extract On Periopathogens- A Clinico-microbiological Study.

Aim - To evaluate the Antibacterial efficacy of three different dilution of green coffee bean extract on periopathogens. Objective- To achieve a dilution of green coffee bean extract which has the maximum inhibitory effect on P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetocomitans. Methods- The sterilised blood agar culture plate was prepared on which colonies of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetocomitans were cultured by subgingival sample taken from Chronic Generalized Periodontitis cases. Three dilution of green coffee bean extract were prepared i.e 10 -8, 10 -9 and 10 -10 with the serial dilution method using Distilled water. Then streaking of colonies was done on three different areas of culture plate on which different dilution was added. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on culture plates was observed to see the inhibitory effect of Green Coffee Bean extract on periopathogens by Agar Diffusion Method.Result- 10-9 was found have maximum inhibitory effect on periopathogens especially P.Gingivalis Conclusion- P.Gingivalis is more susceptible to 10-9 concentration of Green Coffee Bean Extract [Sachin M NJIRM 2016; 7(5):56-59]

Comparative Evaluation Of C-Reactive Protein Levels And Leucocyte Counts In Patients With Sickle Cell Anemia, Chronic Generalized Periodontitis And Sickle Cell Anemia With Chronic Periodontitis: A Clinico-Biochemical Study.

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the CRP levels and leucocyte counts in patients with Sickle cell anemia, Sickle cell anemia with chronic periodontitis, and chronic periodontitis. Material andMethods: A total of 90 subjects with an age range of 30-50 years having sickle cell anemia and chronic periodontitis with probing depth ≥5mm and clinical attachment level ≥ 5mm were included and three groups: Group I- Sickle cell anemia; Group II- Sickle Cell anemia with chronic periodontitis and Group III: Chronic severe periodontitis. Blood samples for CRP and leucocytes counts estimation were collected. All participants were subjected to quantitative CRP analysis. Results: Mean CRP levels and leucocyte counts were significantly greater in group II as compared to group I and group III. Conclusion: The present study indicates a positive correlation in CRP levels and leucocyte counts in patients with Sickle cell anemia, chronic periodontitis and both.

Is Anterior Bridge Plating for Mid-Shaft Humeral Fractures a Suitable Option for Patients Predominantly Involved in Overhead Activities? A Functional Outcome Study in Athletes and Manual Laborers

BACKGROUND: To assess the functional and radiological outcomes of minimally invasive anterior bridge plating (ABP) for mid-shaft humerus fractures in patients predominantly involved in overhead activities (athletes and manual laborers). METHODS: Forty-eight patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were treated with ABP at a level-I trauma center using a 4.5-mm dynamic/locking compression plate and followed for a period of 1 year. Functional outcome was assessed using the Constant, Mayo elbow, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores. Range of motion (ROM), subjective strength, and radiographic union were assessed. A general satisfaction questionnaire was also administered. RESULTS: Most patients achieved excellent functional and radiological outcomes. ROM and strength of the shoulder girdle exhibited clinically nonsignificant loss as compared to the opposite side. The mean time for return to the original activities was 64 days (range, 36 to 182 days) and the mean time for confirmed radiographic union was 45 days (range, 34 to 180 days). The mean Constant, Mayo elbow, DASH scores were 95.73 ± 5.76 (range, 79 to 100), 95.94 ± 6.74 (range, 85 to 100), and 1.56 ± 3.15 (range, 0.0 to 14.0), respectively. The majority of patients (43 patients, 89.6%) who fell in the excellent or very good category according to our questionnaire were extremely satisfied. There were 2 cases (4.17%) of nonunion and 3 patients (6.25%) had to change/modify their original occupation. CONCLUSIONS: ABP is fundamentally different from traditional open posterior plating or conventional intramedullary nailing. It gives relative stability with union taking place by callus formation, and a longer plate on the tensile surface ensures that the humerus can withstand greater amount of rotational and bending stresses. The minimally invasive nature causes minimal soft tissue damage and, if done correctly, causes no damage to the vital structures in proximity. ABP for mid-shaft humerus fractures in patients predominantly engaged in overhead activities is a safe and effective treatment modality yielding high rates of union, excellent functional recovery, minimal biological disruption, better cosmesis, and superior satisfaction rates.

Protective effect of Piper longum L. on oxidative stress induced injury and cellular abnormality in adriamycin induced cardiotoxicity in rats.

Effect of methanolic extract of fruits of P. longum (PLM) on the biochemical changes, tissue peroxidative damage and abnormal antioxidant levels in adriamycin (ADR) induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats was investigated. PLM was administered to Wistar albino rats in two different doses, by gastric gavage (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) for 21 days followed by ip ADR (15 mg/kg) on 21st day. ADR administration showed significant decrease in the activities of marker enzymes aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in heart with a concomitant increase in their activities in serum. A significant increase in lipid peroxide levels in heart of ADR treated rats was also observed. Pretreatment with PLM ameliorated the effect of ADR on lipid peroxide formation and restored activities of marker enzymes. Activities of myocardial antioxidant enzymes like catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase along with reduced glutathione were significantly lowered due to cardiotoxicity in rats administered with ADR. PLM pretreatment augmented these endogenous antioxidants. Histopathological studies of heart revealed degenerative changes and cellular infiltrations in rats administered with ADR and pretreatment with PLM reduced the intensity of such lesions. The results indicate that PLM administration offers significant protection against ADR induced oxidative stress and reduces the cardiotoxicity by virtue of its antioxidant activity.

Immunomodulatory activity of methanolic extract of Murraya koenigii (L) Spreng. leaves.

Immunomodulatory activity of methanolic extract of M. koenigii leaves was evaluated on humoral and cell mediated immune response to ovalbumin, phagocytic activity by carbon clearance test, nitric oxide (NO) release from murine peritoneal macrophages and cyclophosphamide induced myelosuppression. Significant increase in the NO production by mouse peritoneal macrophages was detected in culture supernatants indicated increased phagocytic activity of macrophages. The extract showed significant increase in phagocytic index by rapid removal of carbon particles from blood stream. The extract also increased the antibody titre against the ovalbumin and protection towards the cyclophosphamide induced myelosuppression. However, the extract did not show any significant increase in delayed type hypersensitivity reaction which indicated the inability of the extract to stimulate T cells. Present study thus reveals that the extract holds promise as immunomodulatory agent, which acts by stimulating humoral immunity and phagocytic function.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of extract obtained from Aspergillus candidus MTCC 2202 broth filtrate.

Antioxidant potential of Aspergillus candidus MTCC 2202 broth filtrate extract was studied using different antioxidant models, whereas anti-inflammatory potential was studied using carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema model. The ethyl acetate extract at 1000 microg/ml showed maximum scavenging activity of the stable radical 1,1-diphenyl,2-picryl hydrazyl upto 96.65% (IC50=430.36 microg/ml) and scavenging of the radical cation, 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) upto 92.25% (IC50=606.29 microg/ml) at the same concentration. The extract had good reducing power, however showed moderate inhibition for conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive acid substances (59.56 and 51.45%). The total phenolic content of various extracts of A. candidus broth filtrate was measured and a correlation between radical scavenging activities of extracts with total phenolic content was observed. The ethyl acetate extract (125 mg/kg ip) showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema model. The exhibited antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate extract of A. candidus broth filtrate was comparable with BHA and ascorbic acid, while anti-inflammatory activity was comparable with standard diclofenac sodium.