RESUMEN
Background: Hyponatremia is one of the most common laboratory dispute which may occur in many clinical conditions. Hyponatremia complication may include significant co-morbidities like heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome in addition to diuretic use.Material & Methods:This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study, conducted at the department of Medicine in Tairunnessa Memorial Medical College. The study was conducted during the period ofJanuary 2019- April 2022. The total sample size for this study was 94.Results:Most patients 24(25.5%) were aged between 41-50 years and followed by 5(5.3%) were aged 11-20 years. Most of the respondents 65(69%) were female and 29(31%) were male. Most of the respondents 49(52.1%) were housewife. Diarrhoea was seen in 50(53.2%) cases and followed by vomiting in 27(28.7%), nausea in 15(16%), general weakness in 10(10.6%), anorexia in 41(43.6%). HTN&BA, DM, CKD in 6(6.4%), severe pre eclampsia in 3(3.2%), chronic kidney disease in 2(2.1%), COPD in 2(2.1%). Hyponatremia was found mild in 68(72.3%) cases, moderate in 24(25.5%) cases and severe in 2(2.1%) cases and followed by Hypokalaemia (K+ <3.6 mmol/l) was found in 59(62.8%), normal K+ level in 31(33%) cases and mild-moderate hyperkalaemia in 3(3.2%) cases. Hypochloridaemia (Cl– <96 mmol/l) was found in 62(66%), normal Cl– level in 29(30.9%) cases andhyperchloridaemia in 3(3.2%) cases. Tab. Nacl was prescribed to 67(71.3%) patients, normal saline to 79(84%), Hypertonic saline (3% Nacl saline) to 5(5.3%), Cholera Saline to 3(3.2%) and others suggestion along with prescribed medicine was given to 94(100%) patients.Conclusions:Hyponatremia is one of the common electrolyte abnormalities which can be seen among hospitalized patients. It is mostly seen in elderly and critically ill patients who are admitted to the ICU.
RESUMEN
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are considered to be the chronic public health problem due to morbidity and financial cost as urological diseases causes the highest health care cost. UTI is known as one of the most common diseases today. UTI can occur in both men and women, but studies found that the incidence of UTI is more common in women especially among the sexually active women. Material & Methods:This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study which was conducted at the department of Medicine in Tairunnessa Memorial Medical College and Hospital, Gazipur, obstetrics and gynecology in Bikrampur Bhuiya Medical College and Hospital, Munshiganj and Medicine in City Medical College and Hospital, Gazipur. The study was conducted during the period of February 2018- January 2022. The total sample size for this study was 131.Results:Most of the respondents 56(42.7%) were aged from 26-35 years. Majority of them 117(89%) were female whereas only 14(11%) were male. Burning sensation of micturition was found in 115 patients where 46(40%) had burning for 0-3 days, 63(54.8%) for 4-7 days and 6(5.2%) for >7 days. In most cases causative organism was E. Coli in this study. According to sensitivity patterns of E. Coli Amoxiclav was used in 77(59%) cases and followed by Amikacin in 94(72%), Azithromycin in 120(92%), Cefixime in 130(99.2%), Ceftriaxone in 83(63.3%), Cefuroxime in 37(28.2%), Imipenem in 62(47%), Ciprofloxacine 64(49%), and Gentamicin in 38(29%) cases. In assessing the antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli Ampicillin was used in 55(42%) cases and followed by Amoxycillin in 98(75%), Colchicine in 13(10%), Linezolid in 35(26.2%), Amoxiclav in 54(41.2%), Colistin in 16(12.2%), Imipenem in 69(53%) and Novobiocin in 62(47%) cases.Conclusions:Antibiotics are considered to be the only treatment for UTI. But antibiotic resistance is highly prevalent in bacterial isolates around the world, especially in developing countries.