Effect of fixed orthodontic apliances on the salivary pH

To assess the influence of fixed orthodontic appliances on the salivary pH. Randomized controlled trial. Department of Orthodontics, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry in collaboration with the Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi, from 10th September 2007 to 06th November 2008. Sixty Subjects [11 males and 49 females] with age ranging 13-20 years were randomly selected and divided into a control and an experimental group of 30 each. Study involved analysis of salivary samples. A proforma indicating salivary levels of pH at T1 [pre treatment] and at T2 [after 4 months] with the differences between T1 and T2 was prepared for each subject. In experimental group salivary pH depicted a statistically significant decrease between T1 and T2. These changes in control group were insignificant. Fixed orthodontic appliances [FOAs] tend to influence oral environment by lowering salivary pH towards acidic side

Prevalence and distribution of hypodontia in Pakistani orthodontic population

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of hypodontia in the permanent dentition of Pakistanis, who reported for orthodontic treatment at Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry [AFID] Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Orthodontic records of 1185 patients [375 males and 810 females with mean age 16.9 years [11.2 to 45.4]] which comprised orthopantomograms, study models and anamnestic and clinical data, were explored for hypodontia. A total of 51 patients [25males and 26 females] presented with hypodontia of permanent teeth. Calculated prevalence was 4.2% [males-6.7% and females-3.2%]. A total of 77 permanent teeth excluding third molars were found congenitally absent. Mandibular second premolar [21, 27%] was the tooth most frequently found missing followed by maxillary lateral incisors [18, 23%]. Majority of patients [48, 94%] had one or two teeth missing. The number of missing teeth were more in mandible [42,55%] as compared to maxilla [35,45%], more on left side [42,55%] as compared to right [35,45%] side and more in posterior [40,52%] as compared to anterior [37,48%] region

Prevalence of class II malocclusions in Pakistani sample - a study

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Class II malocclusion in seven different age groups in a local sample of patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Data for the study were retrieved from the patient's orthodontic records who sought orthodontic treatment at Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry [AFID] during the period of Oct 1999 through May 2008. A total of 1348 patients were screened. All the subjects had full complement of permanent teeth up to second molars. The patients with the history of previous orthodontic treatment, extractions of permanent teeth other than 3rd molars, mixed dentition, congenital malformations like Cleft lip or/ and palate and systemic diseases were excluded from the study. Assigning the subjects to various occlusal traits was based purely on clinical examination, study casts in centric occlusion, facial photographs and lateral cephalograms assessment. An overall prevalence of class II malocclusions within the selected sample was found to be 41%, with a male to female ratio of 1: 2.6. The three categories of Angle Class II malocclusion depicted a prevalence of 29.9% for Class II/1, 0.7% for Class II/2 and 10.4% for Class II subdivisions. All the three groups of Class II malocclusions reflected higher female ratios, presumably because of the higher number of female gender seeking orthodontic treatment in Pakistan

Frequency of dental anomalies in various malocclusions in orthodontic patients

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of different dental anomalies in different malocclusion groups of patients seeking orthodontic treatment. This study was carried out at the Orthodontic Department of Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry [AFID], Rawalpindi. Data for the study were collected from the pretreatment diagnostic records of patients who reported at the department for orthodontic treatment from June 2003 to June 2009. A total of 503 patients of both gender [158 male, 345 female] with mean age 15.89+3.03 years [range, 11-22 years] were evaluated for study. All the subjects were in permanent dentition and had pretreatment diagnostic records were included in the study. Patients with syndromes, severe medical histories, impacted third molars, extraction of any permanent tooth, or trauma to any tooth before orthodontic treatment were excluded from the study. It was found that 55.3% of patients [n=503] had at least one dental anomaly. Agenesis [missing tooth or teeth] was the most common [24.9%], followed by ectopic eruption 21.3%, impaction 7.8% [canine] and supernumerary teeth 1.4%. The rate of tooth agenesis was higher in female than in males. No statistically significant correlations were found between dental anomaly and type of malocclusion. A remarkably high rate of dental anomalies was recorded. Dental anomalies reflected higher frequency in females, presumably because of the higher number of female gender seeking orthodontic treatment in Pakistan

Prevalence of class III malocclusion in an orthodontically referred Pakistani population

To assess the prevalence of Class III malocclusions in all military and civilian patients seeking orthodontic treatment at Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, so as to strategize treatment planning on a priority and individualized basis. A total of 1348 patients referred to the department of Orthodontics ..AFID from Oct 1999 through June 2008 were both clinically and cephalometrically screened for this study. Out of a final sample size of 1185, comprising 375 [31.6%] males and 810 [a 4% females, [11.1%] patients exhibited Class III malocclusion. Class III was found in 51 males and 80 females only. Males exhibited a higher frequency 13.6% as compared to females 9.9%. Frequency of Class III malocclusion in our sample is higher than those of Caucasians, Africans and Asians of Middle East. It is however compatible to Turkish and Japanese populations, but lesser than Koreans