Antioxidant an Antimicrobial Activities of the Leaf Extract of Salvia palaestina.

Salvia palaestina (Lamiaceae) is listed as native plant in Flora palaestina. In the Palestinian kitchen, its leaves is virtually used in daily basis with the breakfast tea to add its distinct pleasant flavor and aromatic aroma. In order to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of cultivated S. palaestina, the leaves of the herb were collected, air-dried, steam distilled and the culminated essential oils were subjected to GC-MS analysis. About two dozens of volatile and semivolatile phytochemicals were separated and identified. The principal components were eucalyptol (47.09%) and camphor (8.73%). The antioxidant activity of the oil was estimated by 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The IC50 was 2.333 mg/ml after 30 min, while after 90 min it was 1.585 mg/ml, meaning that the antioxidant activity of the oil increased with time. Linear relation between concentration and activity was observed. The antimicrobial activity was examined by the disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial activity of 5 μl of the essential oil was found to be greater than the activity of gentamicin in the case of Staphylococcus aureus while it was nearly the same as gentamicin against E. coli. Furthermore, this concentration was two times more active than nystatin against Candida albicans.

Essential Oil Secondary Metabolites Variation of Salvia palaestina Leaves Growing wild from Different Locations in Palestine.

Herbal medicine is widely practiced in Palestine. Salvia palaestina (Lamiaceae) in particular is heavily used because of its acquired traditional reputation over the years rather than scientific basis. S. palaestina essential oils contain secondary metabolites whose production is influenced by many factors that determine their composition and yield. Wild leaves of S. palaestina were collected from eight different locations in Palestine. Air dried leaves were subjected to steam distillation (SD) and the composition of essential oils was determined for the first time by GC-MS in the electron impact mode. Twenty volatile and semi-volatile components were identified. The major components in all samples were eucalyptol and the percentages ranged from 51.9% to 63.06%. Other components were found but to a lesser extent mainly β-Thujene, -Myrcene, (±)-Camphor, α-Terpineol, and β-Caryophyllene.

Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Trimethoprim, Sulfadimidine Sodium and Tylosin Tartrate in injectable solution formulation.

A simple, robust and reliable reversed phase HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Trimethoprim (TMP), Sulfadimidine sodium (SDMS) and Tylosin tartrate (TYT) in Nuroprim® injectable solution formulation. The desired separation was achieved on XBridge C18 column (150  4.6 mm i.d., 5m) at room temperature. The optimized mobile phase consisted of a binary solvent mixture of acetonitrile and aqueous triethylamine (TEA) solution adjusted to pH 5.7 by acetic acid. The mobile phase flow rate was fixed at 1.0 ml/min and the analytes were monitored at 287 nm using photodiode array detector. The effects of the chromatographic conditions on peaks capacity factor, USP tailing factor, column efficiency and resolution were systematically optimized. The method was validated as per International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) and United States Pharmacopeia (USP) guidelines and found to be adequate for the routine quantitative determination of TMP, SDMS and TYT in commercially available Nuroprim® injectable solution dosage form.

Validation of a Stability-Indicating Assay of Amprolium Hydrochloride in Water Soluble Powder Formulation using Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography.

A simple stability-indicating method was developed and validated to determine amprolium hydrochloride (HCl) in water soluble powder formulation. The method is based on zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (ZIC-HILIC) coupled with photo diode array detector (PDA). The separation was achieved on ZIC-HILIC column (250 mm  4.6 mm, 5 m) at 25°C temperature. The optimized mobile phase consisted of an isocratic solvent mixture of 200mM Ammonium acetate (NH4AC) solution and acetonitrile (ACN) (25:75; v/v) with pH adjusted to 5.7 by glacial acetic acid. The mobile phase flow was fixed at 0.5 ml/min and the analytes were monitored at 267 nm. The effects of the chromatographic conditions on the peak retention, peak USP tailing factor and column efficiency were systematically optimized. Forced degradation experiments were carried out by exposing amprolium HCl standard and the water soluble powder formulation for thermal, photolytic, oxidative and acid-base hydrolytic stress conditions. The degradation products were well-resolved from the main peak and the excipients thus proving that the method is a reliable and stability-indicating. The method was validated as per ICH and USP guidelines and found to be adequate for the routine quantitative determination of amprolium hydrochloride in commercially available water soluble powder dosage forms.