Corrigendum: Microbiological and clinical effects of enamel matrix derivative and sustained-release micro-spherical minocycline application as an adjunct to non-surgical therapy in peri-implant mucosal inflammation

This correction is being published to correct the last author's name in above article.

Reply on "Relationship between maternal periodontal disease and Apgar score of newborns"

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Comparison of pain intensity of anterior middle superior alveolar injection with infiltration anesthetic technique in maxillary periodontal surgery

PURPOSE: The aim of the present clinical trial was to compare pain during injection of anterior middle superior alveolar (AMSA) technique with that of infiltration injection technique in the maxilla in periodontal flap surgeries of patients referring to the Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. METHODS: Twenty subjects with an age range of 20 to 40 years were selected for the present study. One side of the maxilla was randomly selected as the test side and the other as the control side using a flip of a coin. AMSA technique was used on the test side and infiltration technique was used on the control side for anesthesia. On both sides 2% lidocaine containing 1:80,000 epinephrine was used for anesthesia. The operator obtained the visual analogue scale for each patient immediately after the injection and immediately after surgery. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical methods (frequency percentages, means and standard deviations) and Wilcoxon's test using SPSS ver. 13 (SPSS Inc.). Statistical significance was defined at P<0.05. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in pain during injection between the two techniques (P=0.856). There were statistically significant differences in postoperative pain between the two injection techniques (P=0.024). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative pain in AMSA injection technique was less than that in the infiltration technique. Therefore, the AMSA technique is preferable in the periodontal surgeries for the anesthesia of palatal tissues given the fact that it has other advantages, too.

Comparison of pain intensity of anterior middle superior alveolar injection with infiltration anesthetic technique in maxillary periodontal surgery

PURPOSE: The aim of the present clinical trial was to compare pain during injection of anterior middle superior alveolar (AMSA) technique with that of infiltration injection technique in the maxilla in periodontal flap surgeries of patients referring to the Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. METHODS: Twenty subjects with an age range of 20 to 40 years were selected for the present study. One side of the maxilla was randomly selected as the test side and the other as the control side using a flip of a coin. AMSA technique was used on the test side and infiltration technique was used on the control side for anesthesia. On both sides 2% lidocaine containing 1:80,000 epinephrine was used for anesthesia. The operator obtained the visual analogue scale for each patient immediately after the injection and immediately after surgery. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical methods (frequency percentages, means and standard deviations) and Wilcoxon's test using SPSS ver. 13 (SPSS Inc.). Statistical significance was defined at P<0.05. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in pain during injection between the two techniques (P=0.856). There were statistically significant differences in postoperative pain between the two injection techniques (P=0.024). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative pain in AMSA injection technique was less than that in the infiltration technique. Therefore, the AMSA technique is preferable in the periodontal surgeries for the anesthesia of palatal tissues given the fact that it has other advantages, too.

Subepithelial connective tissue graft with and without the use of plasma rich in growth factors for treating root exposure

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficiency of the subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) with and without plasma rich in growth factor (PRGF) in the treatment of gingival recessions. METHODS: Twenty bilateral buccal gingival Miller's Class I and II recessions were selected. Ten of the recessions were treated with SCTG and PRGF (test group). The rest ten of the recessions were treated with SCTG (control group). The clinical parameters including recession depth (RD), percentage of root coverage (RC), mucogingival junction (MGJ) position, clinical attachment level (CAL), and probing depth (PD) were measured at the baseline, and 1 and 3 months later. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: After 3 months, both groups showed a significant improvement in all of the mentioned criteria except PD. Although the amount of improvement was better in the SCTG+PRGF group than the SCTG only group, this difference was not statistically significant. The mean RC was 70.85+/-12.57 in the test group and 75.83+/-24.68 in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Both SCTG+PRGF and SCTG only result in favorable clinical outcomes, but the added benefit of PRGF is not evident.

Relationship between maternal periodontal disease and Apgar score of newborns

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between maternal periodontal disease and the health status of newborns using Apgar scores. METHODS: One hundred pregnant women with periodontal disease were included in the case series and 100 pregnant women without periodontal disease were placed in the control group, respectively. The periodontal parameters of bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing depth (PD), birth weight, and Apgar scores were recorded in both groups. T-tests and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to determine the birth weight odds ratio to analyze the relationship between the periodontal parameters of BOP, CAL, and PD on the one hand and an Apgar score of less than 7. An unpaired Student's t-test was used to analyze differences in means between the case and control groups using SPSS ver. 13. RESULTS: The means of the ages, periodontal pocket depths, attachment loss, areas with BOP, Apgar score in the first 5 minutes and infant birth weight exhibited statistically significant differences between the case and control groups. The ratio of an Apgar score of <7 to periodontal disease was 3.14; the ratio of low birth weight risk in mothers with periodontal disease to that in mothers without periodontal disease was 2.74. Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed a significant correlation between the infant birth weight and BOP, CAL, and PD of the mother. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the Apgar score and BOP, CAL, and PD and also between the Apgar score and infant birth weight. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed a significant relationship between periodontal disease and infant birth weight; in addition, there was a significant relationship between the periodontal indexes of BOP, CAL, and PD on the one hand and the Apgar score on the other.

Relationship between maternal periodontal condition and body size of newborns

It has been suggested that periodontal disease may be a risk factor for a number of multifactorial systemic conditions such as preterm deliveries. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between maternal periodontal disease and body size of newborns. After controlling traditional risk factors for premature child birth and low birth weight. One-hundred eighty mothers were selected: 17 were periodontally healthy, 77 had gingivitis, 72 had initial periodontitis and 14 suffered from established periodontitis. These mothers and their newborns formed the study population. The body size consisting of weight, height, and head and chest circumference, were taken from newborns' hospital files. A decrease in the newborns' body size was observed as the mothers' periodontal disease severity increased. Birth weight, height, and head and chest circumference of babies born of mothers with established periodontal disease were significantly lower than those who were born of mothers with healthy periodontal condition, gingivitis and initial periodontal disease [P = 0.006, P=0.016, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively]. The data suggest that there is a considerable association between periodontal disease in pregnant women and body size of their newborns, this preliminary finding needs to be confirmed in more extensive studies

Clinical comparison of treatment response patterns following non-surgical periodontal therapy in non-smokers and passive smokers with chronic periodontitis

Smoking is a risk factor for periodontal disease. It has been documented that smoking impairs response to periodontal therapy. The aim of this study was clinical comparison of treatment response patterns following non-surgical periodontal therapy in non-smokers [NS] and passive smokers [PS] with chronic periodontitis. Eighty adult patients [40 NS and 40 PS] with mild to moderate periodontitis were treated with full-mouth subgingival scaling and root planing. Clinical parameters evaluated included probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and plaque index, collected at baseline, and at 3- and 6-month intervals.. In comparison with the baseline data, both groups showed statistically significant improvements in all the parameters after 3 and 6 months. Full-mouth plaque and bleeding scores at 6 months did not demonstrate any significant differences between the two groups [P = 0.36 and P = 0.69, respectively]. However, the inter-group differences after 6 months were statistically significant with regard to probing depth and clinical attachment level measurements [P = 0.001]. Results demonstrated that response to non-surgical periodontal therapy in non-smokers is better than that in passive smokers

Association of periodontal diseases with elevation of serum C-reaetive protein and body mass index

C-reactive protein [CRP] is a well-known acute-phase reactant produced by the liver in response to inflammation caused by various stimuli. Periodontal disease is a chronic infection of tooth-supporting structures characterized by attachment loss and alveolar bone loss. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between serum C-reactive protein levels and periodontal diseases. The study was conducted on 166 patients referring to Tabriz Faculty of Dentistry. The age range was between 35 and 59 years. 83 subjects with periodontitis according to NHANES III index as test group and 83 healthy individuals as controls participated in this study. Body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], probing depth, attachment loss and CRP levels were measured in both test and control groups. Data was analyzed with Student's t-test, odds ratio [OR], Chi-square test and Spearman's correlation coefficient, using SPSS 13.0 software. The results revealed a statistically significant difference between all of the analyzed variables in test and control groups [P < 0.05]. Classifying the test subjects into two subgroups [subjects with CRP >/= 3 mg/l and subjects with CRP < 3 mg/l], the highest OR in females belonged to WC [OR = 6.4; 95% CI: 1.18-35.2, P = 0.02] and in males to obesity [OR = 4.8; 95% CI: 0.65-35.19, P = 0.05]. Considering the correlation between obesity, overweight, WC and CRP with probing depth and attachment loss denoted that obesity presented the highest [r = 1, P = 0.00] and overweight the lowest [r = 0.4, P = 0.07] association. In females, CRP was related to the severity of periodontitis and attachment loss [r = 0.662, P = 0.00]. Excluding overweight, the association between all the variables was statistically significant [P < 0.05]. Our findings indicate that periodontal disease is correlated with CRP elevation and diseases associated with obesity