Gestational diabetes mellitus; still a great problem

Objectives: The present study was designed to find the importance of proper screening and early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. Study Design: A prospective/ descriptive study Place of Study: tertiary care hospital Hyderabad. Duration of Study: from September 2014 to November 2014

Materials and Methods: A total of 168 pregnant females between the ages of 20-40 years and in their 24[th] to 28[th] week of gestation were enrolled for the study. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test of all the participants was done after an overnight fasting of 10-12 hours. All the participants were given 75gm of glucose per 100 ml of distilled water. The blood samples were collected after two hours time for serum glucose levels

Results: Most of the participants were below 26 years of age 47[27.9%] with the mean age of 30.2 +/- 5.83 years. However the highest prevalence of GDM was observed in age group 31-35 years [36%]. Among the 25 cases of gestational diabetes mellitus the highest number of patients with GDM were multipara [40%] followed by parity of 3-4 gravida [32%]. Twenty seven women [16%] women had family history of diabetes mellitus. Among these 12/27 [44.4%] women were found with GDM, compared to 15/141 [10.6%] who have no family history of diabetes mellitus. Total 14 [8.33%] women were found obese, out of these 8 [57%] women had GDM while only 6 [42.8%] women had no GDM

Conclusion: The prevalence of GDM in the present study is found to be 14.8%. A prevalence of GDM was higher in the elderly multiparous females who were overweight and had family history of diabetes mellitus

Histopathological evaluation of uterine curettings in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding

The main objective of the present study is to determine the histopathological patterns and diagnostic value of endometrial curettings in patients presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding. A prospective study. This study was conducted at Department of Pathology Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro during March 2010 to February 2011. A total of 100 cases of endometrial curettage were processed for routine staining with Haematoxylin and Eosin and slides were evaluated for histopathological diagnosis. The results showed that patient's age ranged between 40-52 years and most of the patients about 77%presented with menorrahgia. The histological findings showed normal phase [Proliferative and Secretory phase] of menstrual cycle in 52% of cases followed by simple hyperplasia without atypia 23%, chronic endometritis 13%,polyp 2%, tuberculous endometritis 2%, anovulatory cycle 1%, anovulatory cycle with chronic endometrits 1%,atrophic changes 1%, atypical complex hyperplasia 2% and malignancy in 3% of cases. The Simple hyperplasia23% and chronic endometritis 13% were the commonest pathological alteration. The accidental findings of organic lesions including polyps and malignancy in 5% cases focused the diagnostic importance of curettage in patients presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding. It is concluded that simple hyperplasia without atypia and chronic endometritis are most important causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in the perimenopausal age groups