RESUMEN
Biomarker rutin was analyzed in methanol extracts of leaves of five different species of genus Ficus [Ficus carica, Ficus nitida, Ficus ingens, Ficus palmata and Ficus vasta] by NP-HPTLC [Method I] and RP- HPTLC methods [Method II]. The development and validation for method I was carried out with silica gel 60F[254] plates using EA: GAA: FA: H[2]O [10:1:1:2.5, v/v/v/v] as developing system. Method II was carried out on silica gel 60F[254] RP-18 plates using mobile phase ACN: H[2]O [4:6 v/v]. Both analyses were scanned at 305 nm and were found to give well resolved peak of rutin at Rf 0.28 +/- 0.01 and 0.68 +/- 0.03 for Method I and Method II, respectively. The percentage of rutin was found to be 0.51% and 0.66% in F. ingens, 0.24% and 0.54% in F. palmata and 0.14% and 0.17% in F. vasta by Method I and Method II, respectively. Method II [RP-HPTLC] was found to be more accurate, precise and sensitive than Method I. Method II can be used as an important tool for standardization and quality control of bulk drugs and in-process formulations of rutin
RESUMEN
Muscular dystrophies [MD] traditionally refer to a group of genetically determined, progressive, degenerative disorders of the skeletal muscle. The most common disease manifestations being Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy [DMD] and Becker Muscular Dystrophy [BMD]. This descriptive study was carried out on 40 patients of muscular dystrophies, selected on clinical grounds and subjected to biochemical, morphological and immunohistochemical analysis. Muscle biopsies were taken from patients by an open method and formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks were made. Haematoxylin and Eosin stain, PAS and Gomori's trichrome and immunohistochemical stains were conducted on the sections from these blocks. Dystrophin and beta - Spectrin antibodies were used for immunohistochemistry. Among the 40 cases of muscular dystrophy the above investigations were correlated with clinical findings to reach the final diagnosis in each case. In Pakistan the diagnosis of muscular dystrophies is still based on clinical grounds and CPK values only, however the present study has provided us an opportunity to combine clinical, biochemical, morphlogical and immunohistochemical evaluations of the patients with muscular dystrophies. It was concluded from this study that although muscular dystrophy can be diagnosed using clinical parameters and CPK levels, histochemistry and IHC can confirm and differentiate the various types of muscular dystrophy and make it possible to identify the female patients of DMD and BMD