Impact of stromal CD45RO+ immune cells on proliferation and dedifferentiation in node-negative squamous cell carcinomas of cheek mucosa

Background: The most fundamental trait of cancer cells involves their ability to sustain chronic proliferation. Tumors have a complex cellular ecology that establishes the malignant potential of the tumor. In these ecosystems, innate immune cells are highly represented. Many contradictory reports have been published regarding the impact of tumor-infiltrating immune cells on proliferation of the tumors. Aim: This study aims to assess the impact of CD45RO+ve immune cells on proliferation and dedifferentiation of node-negative squamous cell carcinomas of cheek mucosa (SCC-CM). Materials and Methods: Thirty formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of previously diagnosed node-negative SCC-CM subclassified as Grade I SCC – 10 cases; Grade II SCC – 10 cases; and Grade III SCC – 10 cases (Broders' classification – 1927). Immunohistochemistry performed on each selected tissue section using anti-p53 and anti-CD45RO as primary antibodies. Semi-quantitative analyses performed for all the tissue sections to assess the p53 and CD45RO expression. p53:CD45RO expression ratio calculated. The data were statistically analyzed using GraphPad Prism 5 for Windows. Results: Our results showed statistically significant increase (P = 0.0006) in p53 expression and decrease (P = 0.0044) in CD45RO+ immune cell response with the decrease in differentiation of SCC-CMs using Fisher's exact test and statistically significant increase (P < 0.001) in p53:CD45RO expression ratio with decrease in differentiation using one-way ANOVA. Conclusion: Based on all these findings from the present study, we perceive the following findings. In node-negative SCC-CMs, CD45RO+ immune cells play a possible role in controlling the dedifferentiation of the tumor and in limiting the proliferative potential of the tumor cells which are tumor antagonistic in nature

Tuberculosis, the culprit behind nonhealing oral lesions: Report of two cases.

Nonhealing painless lesions of long duration that did not respond to conventional therapy are the diagnostic challenge to clinician. Two such atypical cases of nonhealing oral lesions manifesting as gingival swelling and odontogenic cyst diagnosed histopathologically as primary oral tuberculosis are presented here. The purpose of this presentation is to point out that, in the absence of any apparent systemic infection the oral tuberculous lesions in the mouth may be discovered before the diagnosis of systemic tuberculosis and the histopathological finding of a persistent nonhealing oral lesion is an important aid in arriving at a diagnosis of this underlying condition.

Trends in the epidemiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Western UP: An institutional study.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to identify trends in incidence rates of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) at specific anatomic sites or within specific age or sex groups in the Western Uttar Pradesh population. Materials and Methods: The study covers the period from January 2004 through April 2009. OSCC cases were retrospectively analysed for site, age, gender and habits and the findings were formulated to chart the trends in Western U.P. Results: The study revealed a male to female ratio of 2.2:1 with the largest number of OSCCs developing in the fourth and fifth decades of life. Overall, the most common site was the buccal mucosa (63.75%), followed by retromolar area (15%), floor of the mouth (11.25%), lateral border of the tongue (3.75%), labial mucosa (3.75%), and palate (2.5%). Smokeless tobacco habit was more prevalent than smoking tobacco in both men as well as women. Karl - Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to find the degree of association between the two variables i.e. between gender to buccal mucosa and gender to smokeless and smoking tobacco habits, which were found to be positively correlated with respect to the age. Conclusion: Oral cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with an incidence rate that varies widely by geographic location. Even within one geographic location, the incidence varies among groups categorized by age, sex, site or habit.

Incremental lines in root cementum of human teeth: an approach to their role in age estimation using polarizing microscopy.

Age estimation is an important factor in the identification of an individual in forensic science. The hard tissues of the human dentition are able to resist decay and degradation long after other tissues are lost. This resistance has made teeth useful indicators for age calculation. Recent research indicates that tooth cementum annulations (TCA) may be used more reliably than any other morphological or histological traits of the adult skeleton for age estimation. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between age and the number of incremental lines in human dental cementum and to ascertain the best method of studying cementum with respect to different forms of microscopy. Thirty nonrestorable teeth were extracted from 20 people, and longitudinal ground section of each tooth was prepared. Photomicrographs of the area at the junction of apical and middle third of the root under light and polarized microscope were taken. The cementum was composed of multiple light and dark bands that were counted on the photomicrograph with the help of image analysis software and added to the average eruption time of individual tooth. The predicted age of the individual was thus obtained. Results showed a significant correlation between the predicted age and actual chronological age of the individual. These data indicate that quantitation of cementum annuli is a moderately reliable means for age estimation in humans and polarizing microscopy is a better means of visualizing incremental lines of cementum compared to light microscopy.