Effectiveness of Teaching Lazarus Multifaceted Approach on Mental Health of the Elderly

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching Lazarus multifaceted approach on mental health and well-being of elderly people in Tabriz city. The method of this research is applied. For this purpose, among all elderly women covered by health care institutions or in nursing homes of the elderly, 24 women The elderly of Tabriz city in 2012 and in two experimental and control groups (12 people) were selected by random sampling method. The experimental group was trained for 2 months in 10 sessions of 90 minutes in the Lazarus multifaceted training sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Mental Health Questionnaire (GHQ) in both groups were performed and the results were reported in SPSS20 software using one-variable covariance test. Findings showed that teaching Lazarus' multifaceted approach on the happiness of elderly women in Tabriz has a significant level of P = 0.012,as well as teaching Lazarus multifaceted approach on mental health of elderly women in Tabriz at a significant level of P Has an impact. Therefore, we conclude that teaching Lazarus' multifaceted approach will increase the health and improve the mental health of the elderly.Clinical PracticeArticle

impacts of TRR14-overexpression on arabidopsis thaliana growth and photosynthetic parameters

Background: TRR14 protein is a small protein, a member of a multigene family in Arabidopsis which was found as the first protein during screening seedlings for their resistant to the trehalose sugar

Objectives: A number of TRR14-overexpressing plants were subjected to the characterization in the present research, among which, the associated morphological features and changes accompany growth pattern and photosynthesis related parameters

Materials and Methods: TRR14 gene was isolated from Arabidopsis Thaliana and cloned into the pBin-35S vector. Recombinant vector was transferred to the Arabidopsis [Col-0] via Agrobacterium tumefaciens using the Floral Dipping method. Seeds from the TRR14 overexpressed [TRR14] and the Col-0 wild-type [WT] plants were shown on soil under long day conditions. Several measurements were then performed including determination of the fresh and dry weights, leaf area, chlorophyll a and b [Chl a and Chl b] content, Chl a/b ratio, total chlorophyll and carotenoids content, soluble and insoluble sugars content, total and soluble protein content, the Hill reaction rate, chlorophyll fluorescence, as well as photorespiration rate. Meanwhile, the chloroplastic proteins were investigated by SDS-PAGE analysis

Results: TRR14 plants showed a significant increase in fresh and dry weights, leaf area, and total and soluble protein content along with a significant decrease in the insoluble sugar contents was observed in comparison to the WT plants. Chl a, Chl b, total chlorophyll content, Chl a/b ratio, carotenoids content, Hill reaction rate, and chlorophyll fluorescence didn't show a significant difference between TRR14 and WT plants. The SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis of the chloroplastic proteins showed a thick band with a molecular mass of 25 kDa in TRR14-overexpressed plants, compared to the WT plants. Remarkably, photorespiration rate was decreased in TRR14 plants compared to WT plants

Conclusion: The increased biomass of TRR14 transformed plants might be due to its ability in reducing photorespiration through concentrating CO2 in the leaf's intercellular spaces

Assessment of the inferior mandibular canal's position by cone-beam computed tomography

Objectives: it is important to know the exact location and anatomic variety of inferior alveolar nerve canal for different procedures of mandibular surgeries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate inferior mandibular canal's anatomic position by Cone-beam Computed Tomography [CBCT]

Methods: in a cross sectional study, CBCT were taken and assessed from 130 patients [260 semi-arch] referring to the radiologic department of Shahid Beheshti Dental Faculty. Three points including 1cm before mental foramen [point A], under second molar's furcation [point B] and 1cm after mandibular foramen on the inferior alveolar canal [point C] were chosen. The canal diameter, length and the distance between the canal and inferior border of mandible were measured. SPSS version 19 software used for data analysis. T and variance tests evaluated the role of age, gender, and canal length and jaw side

Results: mean age of patients was 43.73+/-13.25. Canal length, 61.71 +/- 4.95 ml and canal diameter was 2.94 +/- 0.58 mm. The distance between the canal and the inferior border of mandible was 9.47 +/- 2.23 mm. There was a significant difference in gender and age for all parameters. The distance between the canal and the inferior border in C point and at mental foramen in cases with short and long canal length showed a significant difference. [p?0.012] None of the variables showed significant difference between right and left sides

Conclusion: the anatomic position of mandibular canal is related to gender and canal length, and independent to age and side

Comparison of the Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation with the Traditional Hydrodistillation Method in the Extraction of Essential Oils from Ferulago angulata (Schelcht.) Boiss.

Aims: The evaluation of the chemical constituents and the percentages of extracted volatile oils from the aerial parts of Ferulago angulata (Scheleht.) Boiss (Apiaceae) by using MAHD and HD. Study Design: Extraction of essential oils from F. angulata through traditional hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave- assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) methods. Place and Duration of Study: Fresh F. angulata was collected from the Dalaho Mountain- Kermanshah province (west of Iran) in June 2010. Methodology: The aerial parts of F. angulata was extracted through microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) protocol and compared to the conventional hydrodistillation (HD method. Results: The optimal extraction conditions for the extraction of cis and trans-β- ocimene by MAHD was as follows: Irradiation power 600 and 650W for Z- and E-β- ocimene respectively at radiation time of 34 min. The essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC/Mass. The 28 and 18 components have been identified in MAHD and HD methods at 34 min and 4h respectively. The final amount of yield in the MAHD was more than the amount extracted by HD (93.54% compare to 75.8). The major components, which were found in aerial parts, were E- and Z-β- Ocimene by both methods. Conclusion: We found yield/ efficiency, chemical composition, quality of the essential oils and cost the operation MAHD was superior in terms of saving energy and extraction time.

Functional analysis of glycin rich- RNA binding protein, a suppressor of trehalose-6-phosphate mediating growth arrest in Arabidopsis thaliana

Metabolism of the alpha-1,1 glucose disaccharide, trehalose, is indispensable in plants. In the Murashige and Skoog [MS] medium, trehalose inhibits plant growth and allocation of carbon to roots. A suppressor of trehalose-6-phosphate [T6P] mediated growth arrest, GR-RBP2, is characterized in more detail. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that GR-RBP2 is a protein of likely prokaryotic origin. A knockout mutant of GR-RBP2 was identified in the T-DNA insertion line SALK-059714, yet plants of this line were not altered with regard to growth on different carbon sources and on trehalose compared to WT. GUS expression analysis showed that GR-RBP2 was detected in adult leaves, flowers and siliques. Expression was particularly high in root tips. GR-RBP2 expression also is insensitive to 100 mM trehalose. TAP-tagged versions of this protein showed that GR-RBP2 is part of a protein complex in planta

Conventional versus digital radiographs in detecting artificial voids in root canal filling material

Inappropriate condensation of gutta-percha or improper use of sealer can lead to voids in root canal filling material and consequent failure of the treatment. Timely detection of voids within root canal filling may prevent complications. In this study, we compared the accuracy of digital and conventional radiograph for detecting voids within root canal fillings. The root canals of 50 extracted maxillary permanent incisors were prepared and filled with gutta-percha and sealer. The teeth were then randomly divided into two groups of 25 incisors. The teeth were imaged using the paralleling technique with E-speed film and digital/digital zoomed system. The accuracy of radiographic techniques was evaluated for detecting voids by three independent observers. Presence/absence of voids was recorded and compared with the baseline data. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and positive and negative predictive values was recorded. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of conventional radiography and digital radiography were 48%, 52%, 50%, and 82.7%, 80% and 81.3%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive value of conventional radiography was 50%. Digital images showed the positive predictive value of 80.3% and negative predictive value of 83.5%. The values of positive and negative predictive were reported as 81.6% and 81.1% in digital zoomed images. Digital and digital zoomed images performed better than conventional radiographs in detecting voids, but there were no differences between the performances of both digital images

[Electronic learning in medical education]

Medical education in Iran consists of undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing medical education [CME], like most other countries. Experts in medical education, in various meetings, recommended strategies to implement fundamental changes and improve medical education to alleviate current defects in medical education. One of the most important suggestions was to develop information technology in the field of medical education. Nowadays, most colleges in developed countries use online systems for communication with students, and also most courses are presented as online. These changes have been occurred in Iran, and medical schools of Iran have implemented electronic learning [E-learning] in their strategic planning. Efforts have been made in some universities to implement E-learning in CME courses. This may advance E-learning in medical education, especially in basic sciences. In this study, more than 50 international articles, 10 domestic articles and 80 websites related with E-learning in medical education were evaluated. Our findings showed that E-learning has been a routine program in world medical universities. Some Universities, such as North American Universities, have implemented E-learning in the education of all courses of basic sciences. Some Iranian Universities have set up CME programs in this topic, and have presented some courses as E-learning

Cloning and expression analysis of two photosynthetic genes, psi-h and lhcb1, under trehalose feeding conditions in arabidipsis seedlings

Trehalose [alpha-D-glucosyl-[1, 1]-alpha-D-glucopyranoside] is involved in mechanisms that coordinate metabolism with plant growth adaptation and development. The main objective of the current work was to find out whether trehalose feeding affects the expression of two genes involved in photosynthesis: one gene coding for photosystem1 subunit H [PS1-H] and the other for the light harvesting complex B1 [LHCB1]. In this study, Arabidopsis seeds were grown on one-half strength medium supplemented with 100 mM trehalose or sorbitol [as osmotic control] for 2 weeks.Trehalose-fed seedlings showed inhibited root growth, delayed emergence of primary cotyledons and darkrimmed cotyledons. Exogenously applied trehalose strongly induced starch accumulation in cotyledons and, concomitantly, depletion of starch in collumella cells of the root cap. Gene expression analysis of photosynthetic genes in Arabidopsis seedlings revealed that trehalose feeding repressed PS1-H and LHCB1expression as compared to sorbitol-fed seedlings. To confirm trehalose inhibitory effect on photosynthetic gene expression, the cDNA of PS1-H and LHCB1 was used to transform Arabidopsis seedlings. Transformed lines showed higher transcript levels of PS1-H and LHCB1.Trehalose feeding also reduced expression levels of PS1-H and LHCB1 in transformed lines. These findings show that trehalose down-regulates the expression of two genes encoding typical components of the photosynthetic machinery

[Comparative study of organizational learning capabilities as an organizational source of knowledge in public and private hospitals of Tehran: nurses perspectives]

Hospitals are among the most interactive organizations in which the rate of knowledge transfer and learning is considerably high. Comparison of the level of organizational learning between public and private hospitals can be useful for managers to select organizational learning strategies aiming at improving service delivery and organizational behavior. This cross-sectional survey was conducted by participating 200 nurses, selected randomly from 7 public and 3 private hospitals at initial stage. The fulfilled the questionnaire and then the researchers calculated sample size based on the collected data. Finally, 260 other samples were selected from 7 public and 5 private hospitals. Factor analysis and mean comparison were used to analyze data. The findings showed that in private hospitals, the levels of 4 organizational learning capabilities [managerial commitment, system perspective, openness and experimentation, and knowledge transfer and integration] were significantly higher than public hospital. But, all organizational learning capabilities in both public and private hospitals were below the expected average. "Knowledge transfer and integration" and "managerial commitment" had the highest and the lowest average, respectively in both public and private hospitals and in overall. With due attention to the fact that "knowledge transfer and integration" had the highest average in both public and private hospitals, we suggest that organizational knowledge and other capabilities of the nurses and other personnel could be increased by using this capability

[ effect of GNRH and naloxone on serum level variations of FSH, LH and testosterone induced by morphine administration in male wistar rats]

With regard to increasing use of opioids and their potential role in infertility research centers around the world are in search of pharmacologic compounds which could neutralize effects of opioids and overcome infertility through administration of GnRH and its analogues which also do not have considerable side effects. In this study male wistar rats weighing 200-250 gr were used. At different intervals [5-10-15 days] 5mg/kg morphine was injected intraperitonneally into the male rats. Then they were divided in 5 groups of 8. The first group contained intact rats, while saline, morphine, naloxone, and fertagyl were injected into the second third, fourth and fifth groups respectively. Then the rats were anesthetized and their bloods were taken for further tests. The results showed that morphine induces loss of testis weight and diameter, loss of weight in rats, and nutritional and behavior changes. Furthermore, a significant changes in the amounts of LH and testosterone hormones was observed in all groups [p<0.05] while no significant change in the amount of FSH was observed. Since the experimental groups into which naloxone and GnRH were injected showed no significant difference, we suggest that naloxone and GnRH be administrated as opioid antagonist to solve the problem of morphine-induced infertility