EZH2 immunoexpression in pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma and clinicopathological features

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of the EZH2 protein and describe the clinical and microscopic characteristics of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and pleomorphic adenoma (PA). The study included 16 ACC cases and 12 PA. All ACC and PA cases were positive for EZH2 and the ACC samples showed significantly higher EZH2 expression. The clinical and microscopic covariates were described in relation to EZH2 staining in ACC samples. The highest mean values of EZH2 were observed in cases with local metastasis, recurrence, perineural invasion, and predominantly cribriform growth pattern without solid areas. EZH2 is a potential marker of malignancy.

Effects of tobacco on the DNA of smokers and non-smokers affected by OSCC: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Scientific evidence about genetic and molecular changes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) among smokers and non-smokers is inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effects of tobacco on the DNA of individuals with OSCC based on protein mutations. Electronic searches were conducted on PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify observational studies published up to January/2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool was used for the critical appraisal of studies. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated. Twenty-three studies assessing 4,060 individuals (2,967 smokers vs. 1,093 non-smokers) were included in this review. Fifteen groups of proteins/genes were investigated. Analysis of the quality of articles revealed low risk of bias in most studies. The certainty of the evidence was very low. The meta-analysis confirmed no significant difference between smokers and non-smokers with respect to damage to GSTM1 (OR: 0.60; 95%CI: 0.30-1.18), GSTT1 (OR: 1.18; 95%CI:0.49-2.83), hydrolase proteins (Ku70 and Ku80) (OR: 0.74; 95%CI: 0.18-3.05), and transferase proteins (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTM3) (OR: 0.74; 95%CI: 0.47-1.18). Most of the studies included showed that smokers are more likely to exhibit genetic instability. However, the meta-analysis revealed that smokers do not necessarily have more genetic alterations in the DNA than non-smokers.

DNA damage-related proteins in smokers and non-smokers with oral cancer

Abstract: Tobacco smoking involves a high risk of human malignancies, including oral cancer, because it contains multiple carcinogens that cause genetic instability. Thus, a worse prognosis would be expected for cancer patients who are smokers. The aim of this study was to assess the DNA damage response through the expression of checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2), H2A histone family member X (H2AX), and P53 among smokers and non-smokers with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Associations between immunoexpression of proteins and clinicopathological data and histopathological grading were also analyzed. A total of 35 individuals (18 non-smokers and 17 smokers) with OSCC of the tongue and/or floor of the mouth were included. Immunohistochemistry for H2AX was conducted for the identification of double-strand breaks, CHK2, and P53 to evaluate the expression of this protein in cell cycle regulation. The sample consisted of 22 males and 13 females, with a mean age of 63.9±11.8 years. OSCC of non-smokers were well-differentiated tumors in 50% of the cases, and those of smokers were equally distributed into moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated tumors (35.3% each). Overall, 31 (88.6%) cases were CHK2-positive, 27 (77.1%) were H2AX-positive, and 23 (65.7%) were P53-positive, with no difference between smokers and non-smokers (p > 0.05). No association was found between proteins and clinicopathologic data (p > 0.05). Similarities in CHK2, H2AX, and P53 immunohistochemical staining patterns were observed between smokers and non-smokers, and immunoexpression was not associated with clinicopathological parameters. However, the findings indicated consistent expression of these proteins in OSCC.

Salivary molecules of bone remodeling and tissue repair after head and neck radiotherapy

Abstract Head and neck radiotherapy causes quantitative and qualitative changes in saliva. The objective of this case-control study was to evaluate the salivary biomarkers associated with bone remodeling and tissue repair in patients submitted to radiotherapy for head and neck cancer treatment, compared with non-irradiated individuals. Total unstimulated saliva was collected for ELISA assay analysis of receptor activator for nuclear factor κ B (RANK) and its ligand (RANK-L), osteoprotegerin, matrix metalloproteinase-9/ tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and epidermal growth factor. Statistics were performed, and revealed that salivary RANK (p = 0.0304), RANK-L (p = 0.0005), matrix metalloproteinase-9/ tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (p = 0.0067), vascular endothelial growth factor (p = 0.0060), and epidermal growth factor (p < 0.0001) were reduced in patients, compared with the control group. Osteoprotegerin did not differ between the groups (p = 0.3765). Salivary biomarkers did not differ according to radiotherapy completion time (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the lower output of the salivary molecules - essential for bone remodeling and tissue repair - may disrupt tissue homeostasis and play a role in the pathogenesis of the radiotherapy-induced deleterious effects in the oral cavity.

Chronic inflammatory periapical diseases: a Brazilian multicenter study of 10, 381 cases and literature review

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of chronic inflammatory periapical diseases in different regions of Brazil and to compare with data from the literature. A multicenter study was carried out in four Brazilian referral centers in oral diagnosis. Histopathological records were reviewed, and all cases diagnosed microscopically as periapical granuloma, radicular cyst, and periapical abscess were included. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square test were performed. A total of 10,381 cases of chronic inflammatory periapical diseases were found (13.8% of 74,931 archived specimens) over a period of 65 years. Radicular cysts were the most common lesion (59.9%). Women (56.1%) with a mean age of 37.01 years old (range 13 to 100 ± 14.42) and people of white skin color (59.2%) were the most affected individuals by chronic inflammatory periapical diseases. The lesions were generally asymptomatic (28.1%), located in the maxilla (60.1%), and posterior region (49.8%). The radicular cysts were larger when compared to periapical granulomas (p < 0.001). The disagreement between the clinical and histopathological diagnoses was higher when the final diagnosis was a periapical granuloma (p < 0.001). Chronic inflammatory periapical diseases continue to be common lesions affecting mainly adults. This should be a consequence of the burden of untreated caries in permanent teeth. Women are more affected and radicular cyst was the most common lesion.

Diagnosing acquired syphilis through oral lesions: the 12 year experience of an Oral Medicine Center / Diagnosticando sífilis adquirida através de lesões orais: a experiência de 12 anos de um Centro de Medicina Oral

Abstract Introduction: A resurgence of syphilis in Brazil has been reported in recent years. Objective: With this in mind, the present study sought to investigate the frequency, demographics, and clinical characteristics of patients with acquired syphilis with oral involvement who received medical care at an Oral Medicine Reference Center in a Brazilian Public Hospital. Methods: A retrospective study, spanning a period of 12 years, was performed to identify changing trends in syphilis over time. Medical records from all patients diagnosed with acquired syphilis who received medical care at the Hospital's Oral Medicine Clinic from 2005 to 2016 were reviewed, and the demographic and clinical data were collected. Results: A total of 85 patients had been diagnosed with acquired syphilis, with a significant increase in the number of cases over the past 5 years. Patients ranged from 16 to 76 years of age, with a peak in the third and fourth decades. Forty-eight cases affected males (56.5%), while 37 cases affected females (43.5%). Most of the oral lesions appeared as unique ulcers or plaques, with the lips and tongue representing the most affected sites. All cases were positive for Venereal Disease Research Laboratory or Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption, and treatment was performed with Penicillin G benzathine in most cases (84.7%). Conclusion: The frequency of oral syphilis has been rising over time and oral lesions may well represent a diagnostic clue; therefore, oral health professionals must be made aware and properly trained in an attempt to develop a high degree of clinical suspicion in the diagnosis of syphilis.

Resumo Introdução: Um ressurgimento da sífilis no Brasil tem sido relatado nos últimos anos. Objetivo: Investigar a frequência, as características demográficas e clínicas dos pacientes com sífilis adquirida com envolvimento oral que receberam atendimento médico em um centro de referência em medicina oral em um hospital público brasileiro. Método: Estudo retrospectivo, abrangeu 12 anos, feito para identificar tendências de mudança na sífilis. Registros médicos de todos os pacientes diagnosticados com sífilis adquirida que receberam atendimento médico na clínica de medicina oral do hospital de 2005 a 2016 foram revisados e os dados demográficos e clínicos foram coletados. Resultados: Foram diagnosticas 85 pacientes com sífilis adquirida, com um aumento significativo no número de casos nos últimos 5 anos. A idade dos pacientes variou de 16 a 76 anos, com pico na terceira e quarta décadas; 48 casos eram do sexo masculino (56,5%) e 37 do sexo feminino (43,5%). A maioria das lesões orais apareceu como úlceras ou placas únicas, os lábios e a língua representaram os locais mais afetados. Todos os casos foram positivos para Venereal Disease Research Laboratory e Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption Test e o tratamento foi feito com penicilina G benzatina na maioria dos casos (84,7%). Conclusão: A frequência da sífilis oral tem aumentado com o tempo e as lesões orais podem representar uma pista diagnóstica; portanto, os profissionais de saúde bucal devem ser conscientizados e devidamente treinados na tentativa de desenvolver um alto grau de suspeição clínica no diagnóstico da sífilis.

Oral Cancer: Socio-Spatial Analysis of a Brazilian Sample / Câncer Bucal: Análise Socioespacial de uma Amostra Brasileira / Cáncer Oral: Análisis Socioespacial de una Muestra Brasileña

Introduction:Socio-spatial measures are largely used in health research, but it is still unusual in oral cancer investigation. Objective: This study aims to describe the sociodemographic and clinical features of oral cancer and analyze the spatial distribution of the disease in relation to the neighborhood socioeconomic status including availability of health care centers.Method: Sociodemographic, clinical and histopathologic data were collected from patients treated from 2005 to 2015. Descriptive data analyses of all variables were performed. The spatial analysis was carried out through the program R. Geographic distribution of patients' home addresses was analyzed using Ripley's K function and Kernel maps. The socio-spatial vulnerability was defined by household income and home adequacy. Results: Of the 127 patients included, the majority were males (76.4%), Caucasian or Brown (82.7%), married (35.4%), with low educational level (71.6%) and mean age of 59.5 years. Cases were distributed in clusters characterized by lower median income and inadequate sanitary conditions. Primary health care centers were homogeneously distributed throughout the city. Conclusion: These oral cancer cases are concentrated in regions under relatively low socioeconomic conditions, and despite the homogeneous distribution of primary health care centers, it is not enough to promote access for patients and oral cancer remains being diagnosed late

Introdução: Medidas socioespaciais são amplamente utilizadas na pesquisa em saúde, mas ainda pouco exploradas em relação ao câncer de boca.Objetivo: Descrever as características sociodemográficas e clínicas do câncer de boca e analisar a distribuição espacial da doença em relação ao status socioeconômico do bairro, incluindo a disponibilidade de centros de saúde. Método: Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e histopatológicos dos pacientes atendidos no período de 2005 a 2015. Foram realizadas análises descritivas dos dados de todas as variáveis. A análise espacial foi realizada por meio do programa R. A distribuição geográfica dos endereços residenciais dos pacientes foi analisada usando a função K de Ripley e mapas de Kernel. A vulnerabilidade socioespacial foi definida pela renda familiar e adequação do domicílio. Resultados: Dos 127 pacientes incluídos, a maioria era do sexo masculino (76,4%), branca ou parda (82,7%), casada (35,4%), com baixa escolaridade (71,6%) e idade média de 59,5 anos. Os casos foram distribuídos em grupos caracterizados por menor renda mediana e condições sanitárias inadequadas. Conclusão: Os casos de câncer oral estão concentrados em regiões de baixa condição econômica. Embora os centros de atenção primária à saúde tenham sido homogeneamente distribuídos por toda a cidade, isso não é suficiente para promover o acesso dos pacientes e o câncer de boca continua sendo diagnosticado tardiamente.

Introducción: Las medidas socioespaciales son ampliamente utilizadas en las investigaciones relacionadas con la salud, sin embargo, existen pocos estudios en relación con el cáncer oral. Objetivo: Describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas del cáncer oral y analizar la distribución espacial de la enfermedad en relación con el estado socioeconómico del vecindario, la disponibilidad de centros de salud. Método: Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, clínicos e histopatológicos de pacientes tratados entre 2005 y 2015. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos de los datos para todas las variables. El análisis espacial se realizó utilizando el programa R. La distribución geográfica de las direcciones de los hogares de los pacientes se analizó utilizando la función K de Ripley y los mapas de Kernel. La vulnerabilidad socioespacial se definió por el ingreso familiar y la adecuación del hogar. Resultados: De los 127 pacientes incluidos, la mayoría eran hombres (76.4%), blancos o morenos (82.7%), casados (35.4%), con baja educación (71.6%) y edad promedio 59,5 años. Los casos se distribuyeron en grupos caracterizados por ingresos medios más bajos y condiciones sanitarias inadecuadas. Los centros de atención primaria de salud se distribuyeron de manera homogénea en toda la ciudad. Conclusión: Estos casos de cáncer están concentrados en regiones con condiciones socioeconómicas relativamente mas bajas. A pesar de la distribución de la atención primaria, esta no suficiente para promover el acceso de los pacientes a ella y su diagnóstico continúa siendo tardío.

Cytokines and chemokines associated with Treg/Th17 response in chronic inflammatory periapical disease

Abstract Cytokines and chemokines have a fundamental role in the maintenance of inflammation and bone response, which culminate in the development of chronic periapical lesions. Regulatory (Treg) and Th17 cytokines play a key role in regulating the immune response involved in this process. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Treg and Th17 cells in chronic inflammatory periapical disease, by comparing the expression of the immunoregulatory mediators TGF-β, IL-10, CCL4, and the proinflammatory IL-17 and CCL20 in the periapical tissue of teeth with pulp necrosis, with and without associated chronic lesions. Eighty-six periapical tissue samples were obtained from human teeth. The samples were divided into three groups: pulp necrosis with a periapical lesion (n=26); pulp necrosis without a periapical lesion (n=30), and control (n=30). All samples were submitted to histopathological analysis and cytokine and chemokine measurement through ELISA. Statistical analyses were done with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests and Spearman correlation. The group with pulp necrosis and a periapical lesion showed a higher expression of CCL4 and TGF-β in comparison with pulp necrosis without a lesion. CCL20 was higher in the group with a periapical lesion when compared to the control. In all groups there was a weak positive correlation between IL-17/CCL20, IL-10/CCL4, and IL-17/TGF-β. Both types of cytokines, pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory, occur simultaneously in periapical tissue. However, a rise in immunosuppressive cytokines and chemokines (CCL4 and TGF-β) in periapical lesions suggests a role of these cytokines in stable periapical disease.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs): clinical-pathological parameters in squamous cell carcinomas of the lower lip

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze the presence of tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) subpopulations M1 and M2 in squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip (SCCLL) by immunohistochemitry, and to evaluate the possible role of these subtypes in the development of regional lymph node metastasis and their association with clinical and pathological parameters. Forty-two cases of SCCLL were divided into two groups (21 with and 21 without regional lymph node metastasis). The histopathological grade of malignancy was determined and the material was submitted to double staining with anti-CD68/anti-CD163 and anti-CD68/anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies. The results were analyzed statistically using the Wilcoxon signed-rank and Spearman correlation tests. The M1 and M2 subpopulations were observed in all cases studied. No significant difference was observed between the quantities of M1 and M2 TAMs regarding tumor size (p > 0.05). A significantly larger number of M2 compared to M1 TAMs was observed in tumors without regional lymph node metastasis, tumors in early stages, and low-grade tumors (p < 0.05). No significant difference between the numbers of M1 and M2 TAMs was observed in tumors with regional lymph node metastasis, tumors in advanced stages, and high-grade tumors (p > 0.05). There was a positive weak correlation between M1 and M2 TAMs (r = 0.361; p = 0.019). The results suggest a more important role of M2 TAMs in early stages than advanced stages of lip carcinogenesis. The progression of SCCLL does not seem to be related to an imbalance of macrophage polarization in the microenvironment of these tumors.

Immunohistochemical analysis of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in lower lip squamous cell carcinomas

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the number of FoxP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in the microenvironment of lower lip squamous cell carcinomas (LLSCCs) and to correlate the findings with clinicopathological parameters (tumor size/extent, regional lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, and histopathological grade of malignancy). Fifty cases of LLSCC were selected. Lymphocytes exhibiting nuclear immunostaining for FoxP3 were quantified in 10 microscopic fields at the deep invasive front of LLSCCs. The results were analyzed statistically using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test and Fisher's exact test. FoxP3+ lymphocytes were observed in all cases studied. The number of these cells tended to be higher in smaller tumors, tumors without regional lymph node metastasis, and tumors in early clinical stages, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Low-grade tumors contained a larger number of FoxP3+ lymphocytes than high-grade tumors (p = 0.019). Tumors with an intense inflammatory infiltrate exhibited a larger number of Treg cells (p = 0.035). On the other hand, the number of FoxP3+ lymphocytes was smaller in tumors arranged in small cell clusters (p = 0.003). No significant differences in the number of FoxP3+ lymphocytes were observed according to the degree of keratinization (p = 0.525) or nuclear pleomorphism (p = 0.343). The results suggest the participation of Treg cells in immune and inflammatory responses in the microenvironment of LLSCCs. These cells may play a more important role in early stages rather than in advanced stages of lip carcinogenesis.

Should an asymptomatic unerupted mandibular molar be removed? / Um dente incluso assintomático deve ser removido?

The purpose of this paper is to present a clinical case of a dentigerous cyst and to discuss the need to remove the asymptomatic, uneruptedteeth. A 58-year-old white woman presented for removal of an asymptomatic unerupted left mandibular second molar. A periapical radiograph revealed a horizontal intra-alveolar unerupted second molar and the absence of the third molar. The second molar had a follicular space of less than 0.5 mm. The age of the patient, the absence of symptoms and the risk of losing the first molar during the surgery were sufficient for the patient to choose to undergo periodic checkups. In the 2nd year of checkups, the development was noted of a dentigerous cyst in the second molar. The dental surgeons must assess the risks involved in putting off surgery, the benefits to the patient and be aware of the needfor periodic checkups at short intervals of time in cases of non-removal of the unerupted teeth. Also, it is important to be aware that it is notpossible to predict whether or not certain pathologies might occur if they are not removed.

O caso clínico de um cisto dentígero e a discussão da necessidade de se remover ou não um dente incluso assintomático são apresentados.Uma paciente de 58 anos de idade apresentou-se para a remoção de um segundo molar inferior incluso, assintomático. Uma radiografia periapical revelou um segundo molar inferior incluso, horizontalmente e a ausência do terceiro molar. O folículo dental do segundo molar era menor que 0,5 mm. Em função da idade, do dente ser assintomático e da possibilidade de perda do primeiro molar durante a cirurgia optou-se pelo controle periódico. No segundo ano de controle constatou-se a formação de um cisto dentígero no segundo molar incluso. Os cirurgiões devem avaliar o risco de uma cirurgia tardia, os benefícios ao paciente e estarem conscientes da necessidade de um controle periódico.

Carcinoma de células escamosas de boca: relação entre graduação histopatológica e características clínicas da neoplasia / Oral squamous cell carcinoma: relation between histopathologic graduation and clinical features of the neoplasia

As características histopatológicas do carcinoma de células escamosas de boca (CCEB) têm sido utilizadas para previsão do comportamento clínico desta neoplasia. Objetivo: Descrever as características de uma amostra de CCEB e verificar a relação da graduação histopatológica com características do indivíduo e da lesão, procurando identificar associações relacionadas com o comportamento agressivo desta neoplasia. Métodos: O protocolo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UFMG. Todos os casos selecionados foram de CCEB diagnosticados no serviço de Patologia Bucal da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFMG e no serviço de Estomatologia do Hospital Municipal Odilon Behrens. A amostra compreendeu 72 casos de CCEB, sendo 56 homens e 16 mulheres. Os indivíduos foram submetidos a questionários quanto aos seus hábitos tabagista e etilista, tempo de evolução da lesão e sintomatologia. Foram realizados exames clínicos, e os fragmentos tumorais foram revisados e graduados através do método proposto por Bryne et al. (1989). Os dados foram analisados, pelo teste do Qui-quadrado, no software SPSS 12.0 (p menor que 0,05). Resultados: Os tumores foram graduados como 23 bem diferenciados (32%), 23 moderadamente diferenciados (32%) e 26 mal diferenciados (36%). Neoplasias histologicamente mais agressivas foram mais frequentemente localizadas em língua ou assoalho bucal, sem, entretanto diferença estatisticamente significante (p maior que 0,05). A maioria das lesões mal diferenciadas (15 / 71,4%) exibiu metástase regional e o envolvimento linfonodal mostrou associação com tamanho da lesão (p menor que 0,05). Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que algumas características da neoplasia, tais como, tamanho do tumor, sua localização (língua e/ou assoalho bucal), bem como a ocorrência de metástases para linfonodos locais, podem estar relacionados com a agressividade histológica do CCEB.

The histopathological characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have been used to predict the clinical behavior of this neoplasia. Purpose: The aim of this study was describe the characteristics of an OSCC sample and verify the relation between histological grading and characteristics of the subjects and the tumor, identifying associations with the aggressive behavior of this lesion. Method: The protocol of this study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee from Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (COEP-UFMG). OSCC cases selected were diagnosed in Oral Diagnosis Service at the Dentistry School of UFMG and in Odilon Behrens Hospital. ). The sample consisted of 72 patients with OSCC, been 56 men and 16 women. The patients were submitted to a questionnaire about tobacco and alcohol habits, evolution time and symptomatology. Clinical examinations were performed and tumor fragments were reviewed and graded in accordance to the criteria proposed by Bryne et al. (1989). The data were analyzed in SPSS (Statistic Package for Social Sciences) 12.0 for Windows (p less than 0,05). Results: Twenty-three tumors were graded histologically as well differentiated (32%), 23 moderately differentiated (32%) and 26 poorly differentiated (36%). Neoplasms histologically more aggressive were often located in tongue and floor of mouth, however, without statistical significance (p greater than 0,05). The majority of the well differentiated lesions (71,4%) exhibited regional metastasis and the lymph node involvement showed association with tumor's size (p less than 0,05). Conclusion: The results suggest that histological aggressiveness could be associated with size and regional dissemination in OSCC and that tumors located in tongue and floor of mouth may exhibit more aggressive behavior.

Lesão liquenóide oral relacionada ao amálgama / Amalgam-related oral lichenoid lesion

A lesão liquenóide oral relacionada ao amálgama, condição rara na prática odontológica, constitui importante diagnóstico diferencial no grupo das leucoplasias orais. Relatam-se dois casos que apresentaram rápida resolução clínica após a substituição das restaurações de amálgama.

Amalgam-related oral lichenoid lesion, a rare disorder in dental practice, is an important differential diagnosis among oral leukoplastic lesions. We report two cases with rapid clinical resolution following the replacement of amalgam fillings.

Prevalence of oral hemangioma, vascular malformation and varix in a Brazilian population

Hemangioma, vascular malformation and varix are benign vascular lesions, common in the head and neck regions. Studies about the prevalence of these lesions in the oral cavity are scarce. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and to obtain clinical data on oral hemangioma, vascular malformation and varix in a Brazilian population. Clinical data on those lesions were retrieved from the clinical forms from the files of the Oral Diagnosis Service, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 1992 to 2002. Descriptive analysis was performed. A total of 2,419 clinical forms in the 10-year period were evaluated, of which 154 (6.4 percent) cases were categorized as oral hemangioma, oral vascular malformation or oral varix. Oral varix was the most frequent lesion (65.6 percent). Females had more oral hemangioma and oral varix than males. Oral vascular malformation and oral varix were more prevalent in the 7th and 6th decades, respectively. Oral hemangioma and oral varix were more prevalent in the ventral surface of the tongue and oral vascular malformation, in the lips. Oral hemangioma was treated with sclerotherapy (54.5 percent), and vascular malformation was managed with sclerotherapy and surgery (19.4 percent each). The data of this study suggests that benign vascular lesions are unusual alterations on the oral mucosa and jaws.

Hemangioma, malformação vascular e variz são lesões vasculares benignas comuns na região de cabeça e pescoço. Estudos sobre a prevalência dessas lesões em boca são escassos. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência e realizar um levantamento de dados clínicos de hemangioma, malformação vascular e variz de boca. Dados clínicos dessas lesões foram consultados em fichas clínicas do arquivo do Serviço de Diagnóstico Oral da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil, no período de 1992 a 2002. Uma análise descritiva foi realizada. Foram obtidas neste período de 10 anos 2.419 fichas clínicas. Cento e cinqüenta e quatro (6,4 por cento) casos foram categorizados como hemangioma, malformação vascular e variz de boca. Variz de boca foi a lesão mais freqüente (65,6 por cento). Mulheres foram mais acometidas pelos hemangiomas e varizes de boca. Malformação vascular e variz de boca foram mais prevalentes na 7ª e 6ª décadas de vida, respectivamente. A localização prevalente do hemangioma e da variz de boca foi a superfície ventral da língua, e da malformação vascular, os lábios. Hemangioma de boca foi tratado com escleroterapia em 54,5 por cento dos casos e a malformação vascular com escleroterapia e cirurgia em 19,4 por cento cada. Este estudo sugere que lesões vasculares benignas são alterações incomuns na mucosa bucal e nos maxilares.

Sialoadenites: revisão de literatura sobre a etiologia, o diagnóstico e o tratamento / Sialadenitis: literature review regarding the etiology, diagnosis and treatment

As sialoadenites constituem um conjunto de doenças inflamatórias das glândulas salivares caracterizadas geralmente por edema e sintomatologia dolorosa. O processo inflamatório, que pode ser tanto agudo quanto crônico, acomete principalmente idosos, porém esta condição também é relatada em todas as idades. A sialoadenite tem sido tradicionalmente considerada como uma infecção bacteriana retrógrada ascendente via ducto salivar em direção ao parênquima glandular, no entanto, a inflamação pode ter origem a partir de diversas causas, infecciosas ou não. As sialoadenites causam considerável morbidade para o paciente e, portanto, requerem avaliação cuidadosa com o intuito de se prover um tratamento adequado. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir a etiologia, as características clínicas, o diagnóstico e as formas atuais de tratamento das condições inflamatórias das glândulas salivares maiores.

Análise das características clínico-histopatológicas do cisto dentígero: estudo retrospectivo de 10 anos / Analysis of the clinical-histopathological characteristics of the dentigerous cyst: a retrospective study of 10 years

O cisto dentígero (CD) é o mais freqüente dos cistos odontogênicos de desenvolvimento compreendendo em cerca de 20% de todos os cistos epiteliados dos maxilares. A proposta deste trabalho foi avaliar as características clínicas e his-topatológicas de casos diagnosticados como CDs no Laboratório de Patologia Cirúrgica da Faculdade de Odontologia de Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) no período de 1990 a 2001. Duzentos CDs tiveram os dados clínicos coletados a partir das fichas de biópsia e as características histopatológicas revisadas. Na análise dos dados clínicos encontrou-se a maioria dos casos ocorrendo na segunda década de vida (44,7%), no sexo masculino (53,7%) e na região posterior da mandíbula (74,1%). A avaliação histopatológica mostrou que 81,87% dos casos exibiam revestimento epitelial do tipo estratificado pavimentoso não-ceratinizado. Apenas 31,2% da amostra apresentaram restos epiteliais odontogê-nicos na cápsula, enquanto 46,6% dos casos exibiram infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear. Os achados histopatológicos são discutidos e o papel dos remanescentes epiteliais e da inflamação nestas lesões são avaliados. Concluímos que uma amostra brasileira de cistos dentígeros possui características clínicas similares às encontradas na literatura mundial.

Avaliação do nível de informação dos pacientes sobre o álcool e o fumo como fatores de risco para o câncer bucal / The patient's knowledge about alcohol and tobacco as risk factors for oral cancer

ução - O álcool e o fumo são reconhecidamente ligados à etiologia do carcinoma epidermóide (CE) de boca. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o nível de informação dos pacientes sobre o papel do álcool e do fumo na etiologia da doença e a influência desta informação na mudança do hábito. Material e Métodos - Foram entrevistados 154 pacientes portadores de carcinoma epidermóide da cavidade bucal, que estavam em tratamento no Hospital Mário Penna, conveniado ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), em Belo Horizonte. O trabalho foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UFMG. A amostra foi calculada por estimativa de proporções, sendo “alfa” = 0,05 e d = 0,05. Os dados foram colhidos por entrevista, mediante a aplicação de um questionário previamente testado. Resultados - A grande maioria dos pacientes era de baixa escolaridade sendo 44,8% considerados como analfabetos e 62,3% viviam com a renda mensal de até um salário mínimo. Quase todos os pacientes (91,6%) relataram não associarem o álcool e o fumo à sua doença, não abandonando nem o etilismo (43,1%) nem o tabagismo (42,4%) após o diagnóstico da doença. Conclusão - Os programas odontológicos precisam estender os conceitos de saúde bucal, além dos lillÚtes da cárie e doença periodontal, trabalhando de uma maneira sistemática a informação sobre os fatores de risco para o câncer bucal.