RESUMEN
Background: Gossypium arboreumis resistant to Cotton leaf curl Burewala virus and its cognate Cotton leaf curl Multan beta satellite [CLCuBuV and CLCuMB]. However, the G. arboreum wax deficient mutant [GaWM3] is susceptible to CLCuV. Therefore, epicuticular wax was characterized both quantitatively and qualitatively for its role as physical barrier against whitefly mediated viral transmission and co-related with the titer of each viral component [DNA-A, alphasatellite and betasatellite] in plants
Objectives: The hypothesis was the CLCuV titer in cotton is dependent on the amount of wax laid down on plant surface and the wax composition
Materials and Methods: The wax was isolated by decoction method and analysed by GC-MS whereas viral particles were quantified by Real-Time PCR. The whitefly feeding assay was performed on plant in Hoagland solution with 1% Nile Blue Dye and color was observed in the gut of whiteflies
Results: Analysis of the presence of viral genes, namely alphasatellite, betasatellite and DNA-A, via real-time PCR in cotton species indicated that these genes are detectable in G. hirsutum, G. harknessii and GaWM3, whereas no particle was detected in G. arboreum. Quantitative wax analysis revealed that G. arboreum contained 183 micro g.cm[-2] as compared to GaWM3 with only 95 micro g.cm[-2]. G. hirsutum and G. harknessii had 130 micro g.cm[-2] and 146 micro g.cm[-2], respectively. The GCMS results depicted that Lanceol, cis was 45% in G. harknessii. Heptadecanoic acid was dominant in G. arboreum with 25.6%. GaWM3 had 18% 1,2,-Benenedicarboxylic acid. G. hirsutum contained 25% diisooctyl ester. The whitefly feeding assay with Nile Blue dye showed no color in whiteflies gut fed on G. arboreum. In contrast, color was observed in the rest of whiteflies
Conclusions: From results, it was concluded that reduced quantity as well as absence of [1] 3-trifluoroacetoxytetradecane, [2] 2-piperidinone,n- 4-bromo-n-butyl, [3] 4-heptafluorobutyroxypentadecane, [4] Silane, trichlorodocosyl-, [5] 6-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, and [6] Heptadecanoicacid,16-methyl-,methyl ester in wax could make plants susceptible to CLCuV, infested by whiteflies
RESUMEN
To assess frequency of obesity among college adolescent male and female students on BMI-Prime bases through anthropometric. Cross sectional study. At higher secondary colleges located in urban areas of Bahawalpur City. From February 2009 to March 2009 Assessment of obesity among 400 college male and female students equally divided, ages from 16 to 23 years was carried out on BMI-Prime bases. Weight categories so achieved were stratified and labeled. There were 3 [0.75%] severely under weight, 44 [11%] under weight, 273[68.25%] normal, 68[17%] over weight, 9[2.25%] obese and 3[0.75%] were clinically obese. There was no morbidly obese. No statistical gender difference for severely under weight and clinically obese was noted. However females were more under weight [p<0.05] while males were more over weight [P<0.05] and obese [P<0.05] when compared with each other. The adolescent female college students were under weight when compared to their male colleagues. The frequency of obesity was higher among male students