RESUMEN
@#The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has not only impacted the paradigm of health care delivery, but also the education of future health care providers. Medical faculties are compelled to cease all face-to-face teaching considering the threat of the virus. The ramification of distant learning was heavily endured by primary care educators who not only train the undergraduates but also future family medicine specialists. We have discovered that as a medical educator, it is important to continuously evolve and adapt to current situation. Even in the absence of face-to-face teaching, the primary care curriculum can be successfully delivered using the online platform. Here, we describe the crises faced in this endeavour, the solutions that were undertaken, and the advantages of virtual teaching which we hope will add value to primary care medical education.
RESUMEN
@#Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest global threat in modern medicine especially in lower-and middle-income countries (LMIC) as financial limitations and health literacy become barriers to an impactful health policy. The World Health Organization has urge for an improvement in the community antibiotic awareness through effective educational interventions. This study aims to identify the community’s attitude appropriateness, knowledge gaps, the relationship between antibiotic knowledge and attitude as well as factors associated with inappropriate attitude towards antibiotic among outpatients attending a primary care clinic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted among 256 respondents. Data collection was conducted for three months using a self-administered questionnaire which has been validated and translated. Results: It was found that the respondents’ mean attitude and knowledge score were 29.5 ± 4.19 and 5.94 ± 2.4 respectively. The highest inappropriate attitude response was expecting antibiotic from the doctor for common colds and the most frequent incorrect knowledge response was on the domain of role of antibiotics. There is a weak positive relationship between antibiotic knowledge and attitude (r=0.315, n=256, p=0.0001). Respondents with low education level and poor antibiotic knowledge were at least 2.5 times more likely to have inappropriate attitude when handling antibiotics. Conclusion: Antibiotic education should be incorporated in non-pharmacological measures of viral illnesses in primary care that is targeted among those with low education and poor antibiotic knowledge. The weak relationship between antibiotic knowledge and attitude suggest that health campaign should focus on behavioural change rather than a theoretical approach.
RESUMEN
@#Relaxation technique is a method, process, procedure or activity that helps a person to relax. There are several methods of relaxation techniques that can be used proven beneficial to improve the individual state of relaxation. Relaxation can be performed individually or in a group. With suitable technique of relaxation, it will improve quality of life as well as emotional and physical. This study aims to investigate the impact of three different relaxation techniques, namely Autogenic (AGR), Progressive Muscle (PMR) and Music Relaxation (MR) on mood states among Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) athletes. Eighty UniSZA athletes aged between 18 to 25 years old were randomly assigned into four groups which were AGR, PMR, MR and control group. Each groups consisted of 20 subjects which were male and female athletes with multidiscipline of the sports involvement. The mood states were determined by Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) during pre and post-intervention. The subjects in the three intervention groups received relaxation training twice a week for four weeks, 30 minutes per sessions. While, a control group not received any relaxation training during the intervention time. Repeated measure ANOVA conducted showed that the two parameters in BRUMS significantly changes in post-intervention such vigour (F=16.083, p<0.0001) and confusion (F=3.412, p=0.022). Other negative mood scores showed no significant changes such; (anger; F=2.235, p=0.091, depression; F=0.960, p=0.416, fatigue; F=0.724, p=0.540, tension; F=16.083, p=0.913).The results of Pairwise Comparison revealed that the three types of relaxation techniques (AGR, PMR and MR) effective to enhance vigour (positive mood) score among the adult subjects. In this study, PMR was the most effective relaxation technique followed by AGR and MR to regulate the mood state among adults.
RESUMEN
Relaxation technique is a method, process, procedure or activity that helps a person to relax. There are several methods of relaxation techniques that can be used proven beneficial to improve the individual state of relaxation. Relaxation can be performed individually or in a group. With suitable technique of relaxation, it will improve quality of life as well as emotional and physical. This study aims to investigate the impact of three different relaxation techniques, namely Autogenic (AGR), Progressive Muscle (PMR) and Music Relaxation (MR) on mood states among Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) athletes. Eighty UniSZA athletes aged between 18 to 25 years old were randomly assigned into four groups which were AGR, PMR, MR and control group. Each groups consisted of 20 subjects which were male and female athletes with multidiscipline of the sports involvement. The mood states were determined by Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) during pre and post-intervention. The subjects in the three intervention groups received relaxation training twice a week for four weeks, 30 minutes per sessions. While, a control group not received any relaxation training during the intervention time. Repeated measure ANOVA conducted showed that the two parameters in BRUMS significantly changes in post-intervention such vigour (F=16.083, p<0.0001) and confusion (F=3.412, p=0.022). Other negative mood scores showed no significant changes such; (anger; F=2.235, p=0.091, depression; F=0.960, p=0.416, fatigue; F=0.724, p=0.540, tension; F=16.083, p=0.913).The results of Pairwise Comparison revealed that the three types of relaxation techniques (AGR, PMR and MR) effective to enhance vigour (positive mood) score among the adult subjects. In this study, PMR was the most effective relaxation technique followed by AGR and MR to regulate the mood state among adults.
RESUMEN
Objectives: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices [KAP] of urban women in Riyadh regarding Breast Cancer [BC] and its available screening and treatment modalities. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Setting: BC Awareness day campaigns conducted in Riyadh city from October 2010 to October 2013
Subjects: Six hundred females aged more than 18 years who responded to a well-structured questionnaire comprising of 37 questions. Main Outcome Measures: The level of knowledge and awareness regarding the risk factors and prevention of BC, misconceptions, symptomatology including KAP, regarding self breast examination [SBE], mammography and treatment for BC
Results: Out of the 600 participants with a mean age of 31.9 years [ +/- 10.49], 342 [57.0%] were married, and 215 [35.8%] were employed. The education level was considerably high; with 363 [60.5%] graduates. Late child bearing age [48.2%], positive family history [75%], increase in age [83.5%], and fatty diet [60.5%] were reported important risk factor for BC. A breast lump [70.8%], underarm lump [60.2%], breast pain [53.7%], change in nipple shape [58.7%] and nipple discharge [51.8%] were reported as the important symptoms for BC. About 348 [58.0%] had heard about SBE and 290 [48.3%] knew how to perform SBE. Nearly 433 [72.2%] believed that early detection for BC is possible with mammography and sound waves. Only 42 [7.0%] knew the treatment for BC. Majority of women 565 [94.2%] wanted more media awareness campaigns regarding the issue
Conclusion: There is an immediate need for an aggressive campaign to increase awareness regarding BC in Saudi Arabia
RESUMEN
Objectives: To investigate the risk factors for surgical site infection together with the identification of the etiological pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility at King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A prospective case series study conducted at King Khalid University Hospital to all patients admitted to the surgical wards during the period between January 1st and September 30th 2007. The demographic data, diagnostic criteria, associated risk factors and laboratory data including gram stain, culture results and antimicrobial susceptibility of swabs from the surgical sites were collected. Results: Out of the one hundred and thirty one patients recruited in the study, nine patients showed evidence of sepsis yielding an infection rate of 6.8%. Emergency operations and associated diabetes showed significantly higher rates of infection compared to their counterparts. The most commonly isolated bacteria were: E. coli, Pseudomonas aurigenosa and Staphylococcus aureus.Conclusion: The rate of surgical site infection was 6.8% which was comparable to that reported literature. E. coli was the most commonly isolated bacteria. Neither MRSA nor Acinetobacter species were common isolates. The rate of infection in diabetics and those who underwent emergency operations was significantly higher than others. Other comorbidities did not directly affect the rate of surgical site infection in our series
RESUMEN
Pneumocephalus or collection of air in the intracranial cavity can occur after trauma or surgery. However, delayed pneumocephalus occurring months after the initial injury is not common. We would like to report a case of spontaneous traumatic pneumoencephalocele presenting with transient recurrent hemiparesis 14 months after the initial trauma.