RESUMEN
Gallbladder disease is one of the most mutual procedures done worldwide. Earlier, an open technique was the regular procedure for cholecystectomy. This typically encompassed performing an intraoperative cholangiogram, and individuals regularly had a two to six-day post-operative hospital stay. With the introduction of laparoscopic surgery and the laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the early 1990s, the standards for cholecystectomy have changed to a laparoscopic technique. This technique presented a 30% increase in the overall performance of elective cholecystectomies. Nowadays, 92% of all cholecystectomies are performed laparoscopically. There are numerous signs in performing open cholecystectomies, and this procedure residues a significant part of training for the general surgery resident. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is indicated for the treatment of cholecystitis [acute/chronic], gallstone pancreatitis, acalculous cholecystitis, biliary dyskinesia, symptomatic cholelithiasis, and gallbladder masses/polyps. These indications are the same for an open cholecystectomy. Cases of gallbladder cancers are usually best treated with open cholecystectomy
RESUMEN
Background: Obesity is a public health problem and its prevalence is escalating in the recent years in Saudi Arabia. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for the morbidly obese
Aim of the work: The aim of this study was to examine community health beliefs regarding obesity and bariatric surgery, and to evaluate the potential associations between demographic characteristics and agreement to bariatric surgery
Material and Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to adult citizens of Riyadh city. The questionnaire included questions about obesity, its causes, lifestyle, and beliefs about the effectiveness of bariatric surgery and its complications
Results: 27.6% of respondents were overweight and 33.6% were obese. The overweight/obese respondents were significantly inclined to be in the older age groups, married, and have high income and a family history of obesity. Most respondents showed good knowledge about obesity, its risk factors, and healthy life style, and they recognized the efficacy of bariatric surgery in reducing weight. However, more than half of the respondents doubted its safety and only 16.2% believed it to be the best choice. Male subjects - who were in older age groups, had a secondary school education and a body mass index above normal range - were more likely to regard surgery as the best choice for weight loss
Conclusion: Most of respondents overestimated the risks of bariatric surgery and did not consider it as the best choice for weight loss. Health education is recommended to address these misconceptions and convince the public of its relative safety and the expected health benefits
RESUMEN
Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the effect of tobacco smoking on the risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction in young adults less than years
Materials and methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study with 164 occurrence acute myocardial infarction cases [21 women; 143 men], consecutively visited King Abdulaziz hospital, KSA, and 227 controls [81 women; 146 men], From February 2016 till February 2017. All women are non-Saudi women. Odds ratios [OR] and 95% confidence intervals [95%CI] were calculated using unconditional logistic regression
Results: The commonness of present smoking was 81% in male cases and 54% in male controls [OR = 3.59, 95%CI: 2.49, 5.31] and 60% of female cases were smokers compared with 36% of controls [OR = 2.65, 95%CI: 1.40, 4.98]. No interaction was found between current smoking and gender on myocardial infarction risk [P = 0.399]. A dose-effect response was present, the odds favoring myocardial infarction reaching an eight-fold increase for those who smoked >25 cigarettes/day compared with never smokers. The risk estimate for former smokers was similar to never smokers
Conclusions: Tobacco smoking is an important independent risk factor for acute myocardial infarction in young adults, with similar strength of association for both genders
RESUMEN
The spleen is one of the most frequently injured intraperitoneal organs, and management of splenic injuries may require splenectomy. Traditionally, surgical removal of the spleen was done by an open approach using either an upper midline or left subcostal incision. Open splenectomy is performed in two major clinical scenarios: trauma and hematologic disease. With the advent of minimally invasive techniques, laparoscopic splenectomy has become a standard procedure for elective removal of the spleen for most indications. Nowadays laparoscopic splenectomy is the approach of choice for both benign and malignant diseases of the spleen. However, some contraindications still apply. The evolution of the technology has allowed though, cases which were considered to be absolute contraindications for performing a minimal invasive procedure to be treated with modified laparoscopic approaches. Moreover, the introduction of advanced laparoscopic tools for ligation resulted in less intraoperative complications. Today, laparoscopic splenectomy is considered safe, with better outcomes in comparison to open splenectomy, and the increased experience of surgeons allows operative times comparable to those of an open splenectomy. In this review we discussed the indications and the contraindications of laparoscopic splenectomy. Furthermore, we analyze the surgical techniques
RESUMEN
Background: Earlier studies have recommended that asthmatic patients regularly have comorbid depression; nonetheless, temporal associations remain uncertain
Objectives: To determine whether depression predicts asthma and, on the other hand, whether asthma expects depression
Methods: A literature search was conducted without language restrictions using Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane and PsycINFO for studies published before April, 2017. Papers referenced by the obtained articles were correspondingly reviewed. Only comparative prospective studies with reported risk estimates of the association between depression and asthma were included. In order to examine whether one of these conditions was predictive of the other, studies were excluded if enrolled participants had pre-existing depression or asthma. A random effects model was used to calculate the pooled risk estimates for two outcomes: depression predicting asthma and asthma predicting depression
Results: Seven citations, derived from 8 cohort studies, met our inclusion criteria. Of these, six studies reported that depression predicted incident adult-onset asthma, including 83,684 participants and 2,334 incident cases followed for 8 to 20 years. Conversely, two studies reported that asthma predicted incident depression. These studies involved 25,566 participants and 2,655 incident cases followed for 10 and 20 years, respectively. The pooled adjusted relative risks [RRs] of acquiring asthma associated with baseline depression were 1.43 [95% CI, 1.28-1.61] [P<0.001]. The adjusted RRs for acquiring depression associated with baseline asthma was 1.23 [95% CI, 0.72-2.10] [P = 0.45]
Conclusions: Depression was associated with a 43% increased risk of developing adult-onset asthma. However, asthma did not increase the risk of depression based on limited studies. Further prospective studies confirming the true association between asthma and subsequent risk of depression are warranted
RESUMEN
Necrotizing enterocolitis [NEC] is a major morbidity and cause of mortality in preterm neonates. Probiotics seem to have a beneficial role in preventing NEC, which is confirmed in meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials [RCTs]
We therefore aimed to review and confirm the efficacy of probiotics in preterm neonates obtained in observational studies. To assess the effects of prophylactic probiotics in preterm infants. Keywords: Prophylactic, Probiotics, Preterm Infants