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Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare tumor of mesenchymal origin that most commonly involves the pleura but can be found anywhere in the body. SFT can range from indolent benign tumors to aggressive malignant tumors, and pre-operative diagnosis is based mainly on imaging. In this case report, we describe an extremely rare case of SFT of left maxilla on F-18 FDG PET-CT and Ga-68 DOTANOC PET-CT. Very few cases of PET-CT findings in SFT are reported in literature; and to our knowledge, none involving the maxilla. By highlighting the findings on F-18 FDG and GA-68 DOTANOC PET-CT, we aim to further add on to the role of both the tracers in the diagnosis and management of this tumor group.
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Objectives@#To assess the prevalence of noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors and the factors associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors (≥ 2 risk factors) among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh. @*Methods@#Data on selected NCD risk factors collected from face to face interviews of 4,907 boys and 4,865 girls in the national Nutrition Surveillance round 2018-2019, was used. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed. @*Results@#The prevalence of insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, inadequate physical activity, tobacco use, and being overweight/obese was 90.72%, 29.03%, 4.57%, and 6.04%, respectively among boys; and 94.32%, 50.33%, 0.43%, and 8.03%, respectively among girls. Multiple risk factors were present among 34.87% of boys and 51.74% of girls. Younger age (p < 0.001), non-slum urban (p < 0.001) and slum residence (p < 0.001), higher paternal education (p = 0.001), and depression (p < 0.001) were associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors in both boys and girls. Additionally, higher maternal education (p < 0.001) and richest wealth quintile (p = 0.023) were associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors in girls. @*Conclusion@#The government should integrate specific services into the existing health and non-health programs which are aimed at reducing the burden of NCD risk factors.
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Objectives@#To assess the prevalence of noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors and the factors associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors (≥ 2 risk factors) among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh. @*Methods@#Data on selected NCD risk factors collected from face to face interviews of 4,907 boys and 4,865 girls in the national Nutrition Surveillance round 2018-2019, was used. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed. @*Results@#The prevalence of insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, inadequate physical activity, tobacco use, and being overweight/obese was 90.72%, 29.03%, 4.57%, and 6.04%, respectively among boys; and 94.32%, 50.33%, 0.43%, and 8.03%, respectively among girls. Multiple risk factors were present among 34.87% of boys and 51.74% of girls. Younger age (p < 0.001), non-slum urban (p < 0.001) and slum residence (p < 0.001), higher paternal education (p = 0.001), and depression (p < 0.001) were associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors in both boys and girls. Additionally, higher maternal education (p < 0.001) and richest wealth quintile (p = 0.023) were associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors in girls. @*Conclusion@#The government should integrate specific services into the existing health and non-health programs which are aimed at reducing the burden of NCD risk factors.
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Aims: In the present study the toxic effects of lead was investigated experimentally on the testicular macrophages and sperm cells isolated from testes of adult male mice to ascertain the extent of immunomodulation and reproductive dysfunctions (in-vivo). Study Design: Experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India, between March 2013 and August 2014. Methodology: Dose response study was carried out with an increasing concentration of lead acetate. Percent mortality was determined for these doses and plotted graphically against the respective doses. From the graphs, LD50 value was determined. To validate immunomodulation of testicular macrophages and reproductive dysfunction due to lead intoxication, mice were divided into two groups. One group is treated with lead acetate (10 mg/kg body weight) and the other group with isotonic saline solution for 15 days. The isolated testicular macrophages were used to study the phagocytic property, alteration of enzyme release, cytokine release assay and the sperm cell were used for studying the sperm parameters in both control and treated group. Results: From the study significant decrease in phagocytic index (25516.61±1352.69 to 5154.67±437.37), myeloperoxidase release (77.3±10.7μM to 23.6±4.9μM), nitric oxide release (9.2±1.13 to 4.7±1.69) and a concomitant rise in the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α were observed. These leads to an increased oxidative stress and inflammatory damage in the testes and subsequently less sperm count (78±1.155 to 24.33±1.764), sperm motility and abnormal sperm morphology was documented. Conclusion: Thus it could be concluded that the toxic potential of lead diminished the functional capacities of testicular macrophages, led to immunomodulation and inflammatory damage in testes and thus impede the sperm function parameters, which bear particular significance in heavy metal induced immune infertility in male.