Emotional intelligence in medical students: should we be assessing this more vigorously during the admissions process? / 한국의학교육

No abstract available.

Deep venous thrombosis; mean platelet volume, D-Dimer and doppler sonography. patients of surgical wards of liaquat university hospital

Objectives: To study mean platelet volume [MPV] in deep venous thrombosis [DVT] as evaluated by D-Dimmer and Doppler sonography. Study Design: Case control study. Place and Duration: Department of Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro/Hyderabad from May 2013 to April 2014

Subjects and Methods: A sample of 106 subjects; 50 controls and 53 diagnosed patients of DVT were studied. DVT patients were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and after results of Sonography and D-Dimer were available. The Blood samples were collected in bottles containing sodium citrate as anticoagulant. MPV was generated by Sysmex KX 21 hematology analyzer. Informed consent was sought from the volunteer subjects. The Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Statistically significance was defined at p-value of

Results: Mean platelet volume was elevated in deep venous thrombosis patients which were confirmed by clinical examination, sonography and D-Dimer. MPV was elevated in cases; 10.0 +/- 0.7fl compared to controls; 9.55 +/- 0.63fl [p=0.001]. D-Dimmer was elevated in deep venous thrombosis patients [p=0.0001]. Age, gender and platelet counts did not revealed any significant differences between cases and controls [p>0.0.05]

Conclusion: The present study reports elevated MPV in patients suffering from deep venous thrombosis and it is concluded that MPV may be considered as a risk factor for DVT

Spectrum of firearm fatalities in Larkana region

Objective: To determine frequency of firearm fatalities in Larkana region

Study Design: Descriptive study

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at causality and department of forensic medicine and toxicology Chandka Medical College @ SMBBMU Larkana from 1[st] June 2013 to 31[st] May 2015

Materials and Methods: Out of 1870 dead bodies brought for autopsy at causality Chandka Medical College Hospital Larkana and those 357 [19%] cases were selected in whom death occurred due to firearm as mentioned in police inquest report and autopsy record conducted, with the permission of authorities data was collected and analyzed and cause of death was determined by external and internal examination of body

Results: Autopsy record shows that among 357 cases males with 309 [87%] were dominated on females with 48 [13%] with Male/Female ratio of 6:1. The victim ages range from 11 years to 70 years and with location of injuries as 127 [35.57%] on Chest, 92 [25.77%] on Head and Neck, 59 [16.52%] on Abdomen, 38 [10.64%] on Head and Chest, chest and abdomen 31 [8.68%] and 10 [2.82%] on limbs and other parts, with manner of homicide in majority [78.15%] of cases

Conclusion: The majority of victims were young males belonging to rural areas with rifled firearm injuries on Chest, and Head and Neck as a cause of death

Construction faults associated with complete dentures made by clinical students

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the construction faults associated with complete dentures made by clinical students

Study Design: Descriptive / cross-sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Prosthodontics; Department Institute of Dentistry; Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro from May 2015 to October 2015

Materials and Methods: Total 197 complete denture wearer's patients were recruited in this study. Faults associated with vertical dimension, centric relation, denture base thickness, finishing and polishing were examined and noted in proforma. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 17.0

Results: Out of 197 patients male and female patients were 56.3% and 43.7% respectively. Vertical dimension was found to be high in 82% patients and centric relation was noted 81% as right and 19% as wrong. According to thickness of denture base plate, 80% were thick and 5% were thin denture base. According to finishing and polishing of dentures, 55% dentures were seen with satisfactory results

Conclusion: It is concluded that the most common faults in construction of complete dentures were high vertical dimension, thick denture base plates and finishing and polishing

Is ultrasound detect renal infections?

Objective: To asses culture and sensitivity of renal infection patients detected on ultrasound

Study Design: Prospective cohort study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Rimsha Medical Center Dadu from January 2012 to June 2015

Materials and Methods: Hundred patients suffering for renal infection detected on ultrasound were included in the study. Diabetic and urolithiasis patients excluded from the study. Urine culture and sensitivity of renal infection patients detected on ultrasound carried from collection point of diagnostic and research laboratory liaqaut university of medical and health sciences Jamshoro/Hyderabad in Dadu

Results: Out of 100 patients 65 [65%] were female and 35[35%] male. The age of the patients ranged from 15 to 45 years with mean age 28.9 SD +/- 8.8 The presenting features were lumbar pain with on and off fever in 60[60%] cases, dysuria in 15[15%], and in 35[35%] cases was asymptomatic. The renal infection detected in ultrasound bilaterally in 30[30%], Right sided in 35[35%], left sided in 25[25%] and chronic pyelonephritis [change of small size kidney with increase echogenicity and small size kidney with irregular border] in 10[10%] cases. culture and sensitivity seen positive in 27[27%] cases. Pyuria and haematuria seen in 17[17%]. The commonest micro-organism detected E.coli in 60[60%], Klebsiella 15[15%], Proteus 5[5%], Enterococcus 5[5%], staphylococcus saprophyticus 5[5%], streptococcus 7[7%], Pseudomonas 3[3%] and insignificant mixed bacterial growth seen in 7 cases. Drug senstivity seen in 100% with meronam, pipracilllin/tazobactam, aztreonam. Nitrofurantoin and amikacin 90% Amoxi- clavulanic acid in fusidic acid, ceftrixone, cotirmoxazole, ofloxin, cefuroxime, cefixime 75% and resistance pattern seen more in ceftazidime, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin and ampcillin

Conclusion: Renal infection detected on ultrasound even with insignificant pyuria and haematuria should not be neglected because having significant positive culture and sensitivity report findings

Outcome of facility based management on severely malnourished children in district Ghotki and Larkana, Sindh

Background: A relatively effective method for the management of acute malnutrition in severely malnourished < 5 year children is their management according to WHO guidelines in stabilization centers where they are admitted with medical complications

Objectives: To improve the nutritional status of complicated malnourished children before their discharge from stabilization centers. Study design, settings and duration: Hospital based, exploratory study conducting in stabilization centers at Ghotki and Larkana. Sindh from September to November 2015

Subjects and Methods: By using universal sampling technique, all children who were enrolled and completed their treatment in October 2015 in the stabilization centers at Ghotki and Larkana, Sindh were included in the study. The parameters recorded included weight, length/height, mid upper arm circumference, heamoglobin level [both at the time of admission and discharge] while for nutritional rehabilitation, therapeutic milk F75 and F100 were given

Results: Total 78 children were enrolled for treatment in stabilization centers. Their average length of stay in stabilization center was 7.1 days. The average weight gain was found to be 9.028 [+/- 3.956]gm/kg/day which was statistically significant. The mean gain in the mid upper arm circumference, weight for height, body mass index and hemoglobin level at the time of discharge were also statistically significant [p < 0.000]. Height did not show any significant change

Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that management of severally malnourished children in accordance with the international standards resulted in significant improvement of nutritional status of children

Orthodontic treatment needs among population visiting the liaquat university of medical and health sciences hospital

This study was to determine the orthodontic treatment need in local population visiting the Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital by using index of orthodontic treatment need. Descriptive cross sectional study. This study was conducted on patients visiting to Dental outpatient department [OPD] of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital, Jamshoro from September 2012 to October 2013. Informed written consent was taken from 150 patients' satisfying the inclusion criteria,history and clinical examination was done on patients by using index of orthodontic treatment need. SPSS version 19 was used to analyze the data and frequency was determined for categorical variables. Mean and standard deviation was computed for numerical variables. According to Dental Health Component [DHC] treatment need 36.7%, 34.7%, 24.7% and 4.0% found to have orthodontic treatment need from no little treatment to very great treatment respectively and according to Aesthetic Component [AC] treatment need 49.3%, 44.0% and 6.7% found to have orthodontic treatment need from no little treatment to great treatment need. It was concluded that the patients of this locality found to have increased need for orthodontic treatment

Foreign bodies in ear - its type, diagnosis and management

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the presentation, nature and fate of aural foreign bodies

STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive Study

SETTING: E.N.T. and Head and Neck Surgery department, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad from June 2014 to May 2015

METHODOLOGY: A prospective study of 224 patients who presented with different aural foreign bodies. All patients having suspected history of aural foreign body and whom who haven't history but during examination foreign body present in ear are included in the study. The patient of all age group of both the genders was enrolled. All the data was collected on a pre-designed Performa. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 16

RESULTS: Out of 224 cases of aural foreign bodies, 50.4% were less than seven years of age, with male outnumber female. 93.3% of patients were having foreign body in one ear and 6.7% have foreign body in both ears respectively. Majority of aural foreign bodies were Beads and pearls that were seen in 30.4%. Most of the cases [87.5%] did not develop any complication during extraction

The complications observed were canal abrasion in 11 [4.9%] patients, otitis externa in 12 [5.3%] and tympanic membrane perforation in 02 [ 0.8%] patients

CONCLUSION: Aural foreign bodies are commonly encountered during otorhinological practice

Various varieties of aural foreign bodies are prevalent at different parts of the world

These cases should be removed under good magnification and illumination and/or sedation/general anesthesia if needed for prevention of complication

Attitude, behavioural improvement and preferences; in medical students as they move up to the next higher class

Present study endeavoured to assess medical student's ethical behaviour, preferences and improvements one year later. Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based. Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro. Sindh. Pakistan. October 2013 - Jan 2014. First year [FY] and second year [SY] MBBS students [n = 122 each year] of both genders, were randomly selected and a questionnaire administered. Fifty six percent male and 40% female students of FY marked proxy attendance; 72% males and 65% female would mark proxy attendance if given a chance. Percentages increased in SY. Significant co-relation existed between gender and proxy attendance [p = 0.01]; self-financed or hostlers showed no association with marking proxy attendance. Sense of responsibility in females and courteous behavior in both genders improved in SY. Teacher's behaviour affected student's conduct; and improvement in understanding English was noted in both genders in both years, however, the small% of students finding English as a barrier were prone to mark proxy attendance [p = 0.05]. Males preferred physiology whereas female preferred anatomy in both years. In FY, subject of choice was anatomy, substituted for Physiology in SY. Majority students preferred chalk and black board vs. multimedia based teaching. Cheating behaviour and sense of responsibility, but civilised behaviour, did not improve after one year education

Flexible fiberoptic naso-pharyngo-laryngoscopy: indications and outcome

Objective: To find the indications and outcome of flexible fiberoptic naso-pharyngo-laryngoscopy in ENT practice

Study design: Case series

Place and Duration of study: Department of E.N.T. and Head Neck surgery, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, from February 2013 to January 2015

Methodology: All patients with upper airway problems in whom flexible fiberoptic naso-pharyngolaryngoscopy [FFONPL] performed were included

Results: A total of 437 patients were included in this study. There were 228 [52.2%] males and 209 [47.8%] females. The age range was from 8 year to 80 year with mean age of 45.87 year. It was performed for diagnostic purpose in 351[80.3%] patients having voice and swallowing problems. It was possible to identify structural etiology in all cases. It was used in follow up of 73 patients for residual disease who had chemo radiotherapy for different tumors. Of these, in 54 [73.97%] patients the airway was patent to allow the removal of tracheostomy tubes. In 13 cases it was used to facilitate passage of nasotracheal tube in patients with ankylosis of temporomandibular joint. It was successful in 12 cases

Conclusion: FFONPL is an effective and safe tool for various ENT related pathologies

New cases and types of leprosy in Interior Sindh: an analysis of 3 years [2012-2014]

Objective: To evaluate the new cases and clinical types of leprosy in interior Sindh

Methods: Data analysis and evaluation of 3-year record of leprosy centers/clinics in Interior Sindh

Results: Of total 238 new registered cases, 98 [41%] were diagnosed after a delay of 1 year. The types of disease found were tuberculoid 59 [25%], borderline tuberculoid 100 [42%], borderline 13 [5%], borderline lepromatous 53 [22%] and lepromatous lepromatous 13 [5%] cases. Multibacillary cases were 179 [75%] and paucibacillary 59 [25%]

Conclusion: The 3-year analysis of Interior Sindh shows endemic regions of leprosy in Pakistan which will help in devising strategy for an effective leprosy control program

Efficacy of lodoxamide versus sodium cromoglycate in vernal keratoconj unctivitis

To determine efficacy of lodoxamide as compared to that of sodium cromoglycate when used for the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Prospective comparative clinical trial. This study was carried out at the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Basic Medical Sciences Institute [BMSI] in collaboration with Department of Ophthalmology Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center [JPMC] Karachi from April 2010 to October 2010. A total of untreated 80 cases with clinical diagnosis of vernal keratoconjunctivitis [VKC] of 5-29 years of age and of both sexes were included in this study. Patients of other types of allergic conjunctivitis and of VKC already on medication were not included in this study. Follow up visits were carried out at fortnightly intervals for the period of at least three [03] months to rule out comparative efficacy of the two drugs. We studied a total of 80 cases, 56 males [70%] and 24 females [30%] with diagnosis of VKC. All cases were divided in two groups; group A and group B. Group A comprised of 40 patients who used lodoxamide whereas; Group B comprised 40 patients who used sodium cromoglycate. No significant difference in demographic features was found in two groups [p>0.05]. The results showed significant improvement in all symptoms and signs in 60 days of study in group A [lodoxamide] and in group B [sodium cromoglycate] improvement was observed in 90 days of the study [p<0.05]. Improvement in all the symptoms and signs was earlier [within 30 days of study] in group A than in group B

Hepatoprotective effects of curcuma longa against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in rats

To investigate the protective effect of Curcuma longa [CL] against carbon tetrachloride [CC1[4]] induced liver injury in adult male Wistar rat model. Study Experimental/Analytical study Place and Duration of Study: Animal House, Isra University Hyderabad from March to December 2013. Forty five adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups; Group 1. controls received 0.9% isotonic saline, Group 2. received CC1[4] orally [1.9mg/kg] mixed in olive oil, and Group 3. received the CC1[4]+CL [250mg/kg] Blood samples were collected for liver biochemical assays. The animals were sacrificed, liver tissue, after fixation in 4% formaldehyde, was embedded in paraffin. Tissue sections of 5 micro thickness were subjected to haematoxylin and eosin staining and were assessed by light microscopy. The data was analyzed on SPSS 21.0 using one-way ANOVA, Fischer's LSD and Chi-square tests. A p-value of

effects of monosodium glutamate on the histology of fallopian tube in female rats

To investigate the effects of orally administered monosodium glutamate [MSG] on the fallopian tube histology in adult female Wistar rat model. Experimental/Analytical study. Animal House, Isra University Hyderabad from May to November 2013. Forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups; Group A. controls received 0.9% isotonic saline, Group B. received MSG orally [1.5 mg/kg], and Group C. received MSG orally [3 mg/kg]. The animals were sacrificed after six weeks. Fallopian tubes were fixed in 4% formaldehyde, and were embedded in paraffin. Tissue sections of 5micro thicknesses were subjected to haematoxylin and eosin staining and were assessed by light microscopy. The fallopian tubes [FT] of the control group A showed normal histological features. The fallopian tubes of the treated groups showed some cellular hypertrophy of the columnar epithelium, distortion of the basement membrane separating the endosalpinx from the myosalpinx. There were degenerative and atrophic changes observed in some parts; these were more pronounced in those that received 3 mg/kg body weight of MSG. There were marked vacuolations and lysed red blood cells, [3 mg/kg body weight treated rats] appearing in the stroma cells. The monosodium glutamate may have deleterious effects on the fallopian tube histology in adult female Wistar rats particularly in high dose. Therefore caution must be taken for its frequent use in female because of possibility of female infertility

Role of magnesium sulfate in the management of acute asthma

Objectives: To determine the supportive role of magnesium sulfate in the management of acute sthmatic patients

Study design: A descriptive comparative study

Place and duration: The Study was conducted from January 2010 to June 2010 at Department of Medicine, Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad, Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad and Institute of Chest Diseases, Kotri, Sindh

Methodology: Acute asthmatic patients between ages of 10 to 40 years reporting to emergency department were enrolled in the study. They were divided into two groups. Groups I patients [n = 36] received oxygen inhalation, nebulization by ventoline and intravenous hydrocortisone. Group II patients [n = 37] received oxygen, ventoline nebulization, intravenous hydrocortisone and IV magnesium sulfate 25 ml /kg body weigh diluted in 100 ml of normal saline delivered over a period of 30 minutes

Results: Seventy three patients were included in this study. Baseline parameters were compared in the two groups. Both group showed significant improvement in pulse rate which was 90.9 +/- 8.46 in group I [without magnesium] and 82.3 +/- 5.11 beat per minute in group II [with magnesium]. Oxygen saturation after 120 minute was 95.9 +/- 2.02 and 96.2 +/- 1.5% in group I and group II, respectively. Similarly, after 120 minutes, PEFR was 205 L/minute in group I as compared to 237 L/minute in group II

Conclusion: This study suggested that there was benefit of adding IV magnesium sulfate to ventoline nebulization and intravenous hydrocortisone in the treatment of severe or life threatening asthma

experience of ear diseases among the medical students of Isra university Hyderabad [Sindh]

Objective: To determine the frequency of ear diseases among the medical students of Isra University

Study design: A Descriptive, Cross sectional study

Place and duration: E.N.T department Isra University Hospital Hyderabad, in two years; from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2012

Methodology: All medical students of Isra University Hyderabad who visited E.N.T department for complaints related to ears were selected for this study. We did a thorough ENT examination with particular emphasis on otological examination including pneumatic otoscopy, valsalva meanouvre, hearing assessment with tunning fork [512 Hz]. Data were extracted on especially designed proforma and Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 16

Results: 500 students were included in the study; 303 [61%] were females and 197 [39%] were males. Mean age was 22.7 and standard. Deviation +/- 1.521 range from 19 to 27 years. Majority of patients were diagnosed as having impacted wax [29%] or otomycosis [24%]. Some patients [22%] presented with vague otological symptoms but after a complete examination, no ear pathology was found. Majority of patients complained of earache [57%], hearing Impairment [56%] and aural heaviness or blockage [38%]

Conclusion: Although traumatic and infectious diseases of external and middle ear were found, but impacted wax and otomycosis were the most common diseases among the medical students of Isra university

Frequency and clinical presentation of various malignant maxillary tumors

Objectives: To determine the frequency of various malignant tumors of maxilla and to determine the various clinical features of these pathologies at the time of presentation

Study design: A descriptive, Cross sectional study

Place and duration: Joint Study of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery and Maxillofacial Department Isra University Hospital Hyderabad. 02 years from 1[st] January 2011 to 31[st] December 2012

Methodology: Fourteen patients were selected from Out Patient department [OPD] of E.N.T. and Maxillofacial department. Demographic data like age, and sex, clinical presentation like nasal obstruction, epistaxis, cheek swelling, displacement of eye ball and bulging of hard palate were recorded on purposely designed proforma. Biopsy was taken from all patients through endoscope

Results: Out of 14 patients, nine patients [64.3%] were male and five patients [35.7%] were female. Eight patients were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma which comprised [57.2%] followed by sarcoma [35.7%] and B-cell lymphoma [7.1%]. Nasal obstruction and epistaxis were most common complaint i.e. 85.7% followed by anosmia, midfacial swelling and altered check sensation 71.4% respectively. 42.8% patients were suffered from exophthalmos and 35.7% were found bulging of hard palate

Conclusion: Among the malignant tumors of maxilla, commonest is Squamous cell carcinoma but other rare entities like sarcomas and lymphomas are not uncommon in our experience

Prevalence of viral hepatitis in patients attending medical camp

Objective of this study was to check prevalence of Viral Hepatitis in Patients attending Medical Camp Cross sectional study. This study was conducted in free Medical Camp of Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana from 01.07.2011 to 31.12.2011. An advertisement was given one week prior via media for awareness of people. The camp was organized by the faculty of Medical unit III on 1[st] July 2011. This camp, apart from necessary medicines, equipped with diagnostic facilities to diagnose hepatitis B and C viruses. Patients willing to participate in this study were enrolled; patients with known hepatitis B and C were excluded. ELISA technique was used to diagnose. This study was approved by Ethical committee of Shaheed Mohtrama Benazir Bhutto Medical University. SPSS version 19 was used for data analysis. Total of 400 peoples were seen at the camp, 96 of them were already known cases of hepatitis B and C and were excluded from analysis. Of 304 patients 246 were males and 154 were females. From 304 patients 32 [10.5%] patients had hepatitis C and 16 [5.3%] had hepatitis B and rest were seronegative. The frequency of HCV and HBV was common in patients with age between 20 to 40 years. This was a small effort to increase awareness in local population regarding the course of viral hepatitis. We also collected data regarding present prevalence of chronic viral hepatitis in rural areas of interior Sindh. Much more is to be done to control this misery of our community

Breast cancer; evaluation of risk factors in our local population an institutional based descriptive and prospective study

Evaluation and distribution of established etiological risk factors in patients of breast cancer in our local population. Institution based non-interventional descriptive and prospective study Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro from January 2009 to December 2011. One hundred and two cases of breast cancer diagnosed on HE staining were selected for the study. More than 50% were in 4th and 5th Decades of life. 94% were married and 06% were un-married. 65% were in pre-menopausal group and 35% in post-menopause group. 93% had positive history of breast feeding. None of them had ever taken oral contraceptive. Smoking history was present only in 9.80% cases. 27% cases had family history of breast cancer in first degree relative and 13% in 2nd degree relatives. Majority [66.66%] were belongs to lower middle socioeconomic class. Surprisingly in this study marital status, parity, and breast feeding not proved as protective factors against breast cancer

Frequency of thyroid cancer at King Fahad hospital, Madinah

To assess the frequency of common thyroid cancer at king Fahad Hospital, Madinah. Retrospective study. This study was carried out on all the patients treated for Cancer of Thyroid Gland, at King Fahad Hospital [KFH]-Madinah between Jan 2009 to February 2012. Ninety-one patients diagnosed with Cancer of Thyroid of various Age, Sex and Races were registered with King Fahad Hospital Madinah. 75% patients were Saudi nationals, 10% patients were from other Arab countries and the remaining 15% were non-Arabs. There were 72% females and 28% Males. The Ages ranged from 14 years to 94 years. 34% of these patients were less then 30 years of Age at the time of the diagnosis. Over 90% of the cases presented with Swelling Anterior Neck while in other 10% of the cases Dysphagia or Dyspnoea with Rt. or Lt. supraclavicular masss/swelling was the major complaint. 71% patients under went various surgical procedures for the Neck swelling. The Total Thyroidectomy was done in 48% patients. The Histology revealed 52% of pure Papillary Carcinoma and 23% were of Follicular origin. Majority of the diagnosed patients of Ca. Thyroid were referred to King Faisal Specialist Hospital Riyadh for Radioactive Iodine Ablation Therapy. The follow-up was poor as patients were from highly mobile population and belonged to Nine different countries. The study reveals that the presentation of Ca. Thyroid in our series is essentially similar to what has been reported from other parts of the world