RESUMEN
Background: To find an association between presence of Chronic disease with Oral Health
Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in the Dental OPD of LCMD Karachi in 2014. Three hundred participants were enrolled in this study through consecutive sample technique. Data was collected using the self administered questionnaire along with the assessment of oral health examination, which was carried out by the Researcher and data was analyzed on SPSS version 20
Results: It was observed that 59% [n=176] suffered from chronic diseases and when oral examination was conducted, it was revealed that 39% [n=117] had mobile teeth [P value= 0.001], 39.3% [n=118] had missing teeth P value=[0.001], 60.8% [n=115] had bleeding gums, 60.2% [n=112] had halitosis, 60.2% [n=71] had dry mouth, 61.3% [n=84] had oral ulcers,60.6% [n=117] had complain of food deposition and 60% [n=90] had tooth spacing due to periodontal diseases
Conclusion: It was concluded from this study that majority of participants with chronic diseases had poor oral health which needs immediate attention by the medical practitioners during the treatment of chronic diseases and as well as dentists should counsel the patients for maintenance of oral health. It still remains a chicken egg dilemma regarding the temporal sequence of events as many oral pathogens share a common factor with NCDs
RESUMEN
The work on maize doubled haploid development has started at the Maize Research Station, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan during 2010 in collaboration with University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. The aim of current study was to develop locally adopted maize haploid inducer lines utilizing cheap and easy source of Stock6 and indeterminate gametophyte mutant ig1 gene lines imported from Maize genetic Coop Stock Centre. The lines were later utilized to produce doubled haploid inbred lines. The environmental conditions of Faisalabad are extreme in nature. In spring crop during pollination period temperature may reach up to 45°C. Therefore, locally adopted haploid inducers are needed. Best performing local inbred lines were screened having branched heavy tassel, bold seed, good pollen shedding ability and vigor. These lines were utilized as female donor parent while imported lines as recurrent pollen parent in back cross breeding program until BC4 generation. These lines were selfed twice until BC4F2 and evaluated for haploid induction rate (HIR). Lines with high HIR were further intercrossed to achieve maximum transgressive segregation. Mass selection for the adaptation traits was exercised for individual F2 plants followed by ear-to-row plantation of selected progeny. Four best haploid inducer lines with HIR up to 5% having very good tassel size, height and heat stress tolerance were selected in 2014. Haploid seeds collected in different induction crosses until 2012, were used for colchicine doubling treatment. The doubling percentage of the haploid plants was very low 0.15% and out of 1000 treated seedling 15 survived and only 5 reached up to maturity, where only one D0 cob was harvested. This was successfully selfed and was grown in three different locations for next two seasons and there was no segregation in the successive generations. Developing countries that cannot afford costly haploid inducer lines can work on Stock6 and other cheap sources available free of cost and can develop their own haploid inducer lines well adapted to their own climatic conditions.
RESUMEN
Background: Hemangiomas are the commonest benign tumors of infancy and early childhood. Their natural course includes rapid progression during first year of life followed by regression. They can produce local and systemic complications and produce anxiety of the parents, thus necessitating therapeutic intervention. Various modalities of treatment are available for the treatment of hemangiomas. In this study we evaluated the effects of intralesional steroid therapy of hemangiomas
Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Services Hospital, Lahore from March 2003 to April 2004. Fifty patients of capillary, cavernous or mixed types of hemangiomas were included in this study. Injection Triamcinolon was given intralesionally in dosage of 10 mg per square centimeter of the surface area of hemangioma but not exceeding the maximum dose of 5mg/kg. Each patient was followed up at three weeks interval
Results: it was found that this form of therapy is effective, easy to perform, cost effective and have minimal side effects
Conclusion. The intralesional steroid for hemangiomas is effective treatment with negligible side effects