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Objective:To assess the value of the ROX index in evaluating the efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in patients with coronavirus infected disease (COVID-19).Methods:This is a retrospective study. The included patients were diagnosed as COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Cancer Center of Union Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from February 15, 2020 to March 15, 2020. All the patients were treated by HFNC. According to whether the patient subsequently received non-invasive positive pressure ventilation or invasive positive pressure ventilation, patients were divided into the HFNC success group and the HFNC failure group. Parameters in the two groups such as basic characteristics, lactic acid, number of chest radiographs, APACHE II, lymphocyte count, baseline respiratory rate, baseline percutaneous oxygen saturation, baseline PaO 2/FiO 2, baseline ROX index, and ROX index after 2, 6 and 12 h HFNC treatment were analyzed with t test, Chi-square test or rank sum test. Results:A total of 57 cases were included in this study. There were no significant differences in sex, age, comorbidities, lactic acid, quadrants of chest radiograph lung infection, APACHE II, lymphocyte count, and baseline respiratory frequency, transcutaneous oxygen saturation, oxygenation index, and ROX index between the HFNC success group and the HFNC faliure group ( P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that ROX index after 2 h HFNC treatment ( OR=0.069), ROX index after 6 h HFNC treatment ( OR=0.194) and ROX index after 12 h HFNC treatment ( OR=0.036) were all protective factors for the therapeutic effect of HFNC treatment in COVID-19 patients. ROC curve showed that there were significant differences in ROX index after 2 h HFNC treatment, ROX index after 6 h HFNC treatment, and ROX index after 12 h HFNC treatment ( P<0.05). In the evaluation index, the area under the ROC curve of the ROX index after 2 h HFNC treatment was 0.838, the sensitivity was 64.5%, and the specificity was 100%. After 6 h HFNC treatment, the area under the ROX index ROC curve was 0.762, the sensitivity was 64.5%, and the specificity was 92.3%. After 12 h HFNC treatment, the ROX index ROC curve area was 0.866, the sensitivity was 67.7%, and the specificity was 100%. Conclusions:The ROX index can be used to evaluate the efficacy of HFNC in COVID-19 patients in a timely, simple and real-time manner.
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Objective:To systematically review evidence for the effect of convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin on treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and further provide advice on the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods:Clinical studies of convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin in the treatment of SARS were collected from a variety of databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and CBM from November 2002 to March 2020. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias based on the national institute for health and clinical excellence case series quality scale, and systematically evaluated the results.Results:A total of 10 clinical studies, including 212 patients, were eventually included. There were 4 case series studies, 5 case reports and 1 case-control study. Most studies were with low or very low quality. The systematic analysis showed that 107 patients administered convalescent plasma and 16 patients used immunoglobulin during the treatment of SARS. Forty-nine patients were definitely not treated with the above two methods, and the remaining 40 patients were not reported clearly. The treatment of convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin could both improve the symptoms and reduce the mortality (12 died), and most SARS patients got better, while 11 SARS patients who did not receive the above therapies died.Conclusions:Convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin were effective on relieving symptoms of SARS patients. However, due to low quality and lacking of control group, convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin should be used with caution to treat COVID-19 patients.
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Objective To explore the expression of the receptor for advanced glycosylation end products(RAGE) and its intracellular signaling molecules DIAPH1 in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and the effect of RAGE ligands on cell migration and apoptosis. Methods The expressions of RAGE and DIAPH1 in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B were tested by qRT-PCR and Western blot. A549 cells was treated with 10,100 μg /ml RAGE ligands CML-AGE and 1,10,100 μg /ml S100B,and wound healing test was used to identify the effect of migration ability. A549 cells was treated with 25,50,100 μg /ml RAGE ligands CMLAGE, the gene expression of BCL-2 and BAX were tested by using qRT-PCR. Results The results of qRT-PCR and Western blot showed,compared with human bronchial epithelium cells BEAS-2B,the expression of RAGE and DIAPH1 were both significantly down-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells (P < 0. 001). After treated with 10,100 μg /ml RAGE ligands CML-AGE and 1,10,100 μg /ml S100B ,both groups showed the ligands inhibit lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells migration in concentration-depend manners (P < 0. 01). After treated with 25, 50,100 μg /ml RAGE ligands CML-AGE,the expression of anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2 was down-regulated and proapoptotic gene BAX was upregulated in the experimental group in concentration-depend manners(P < 0. 05),the difference was significant. Conclusion The expression levels of RAGE and DIAPH1 in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells are both significantly lower than human bronchial epithelium cells BEAS-2B. RAGE ligands can inhibit cells migration and promote cell apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and may provide a new target for the therapy of lung adenocarcinoma cells.