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This paper aimed to analyze the concept of symptom experience according to the aspects of definition,defining characteristics,antecedents and consequence.Symptoms experience is the perception of the frequency,intensity,distress,and meaning of symptoms as they are produced and expressed.Through the analysis of the symptom experience,to help nurses roundly understand the effects of symptoms on patients,improve symptom management and provide the basis for further research.
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Objective To describe the characteristics of the symptoms of hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis and to provide guidelines for clinical symptom management,alleviating the symptom distress of patients.Methods By convenient sampling,125 patients with liver cirrhosis were recruited into this study.The Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS) combined with self-designed entries were used to measure the characteristics of symptom experience in the subjects.Results Patients with liver cirrhosis experienced a number of symptoms including fatigue,abdominal distension,pain,drowsiness,loss of weight,loss of appetite,poor sleep,feeling sad,dry mouth,anxiety.The incidences of 19 symptoms were higher than 50％.Symptoms occurred frequently and constantly ranged from 0.8％ to 44.0％,the symptoms occurred with moderate to severe ranged from 1.6％ to 61.6％,and symptom distress was from 0 to 22.4％.The score of PSYCH subscale,PHYS subscale,and the Global Distress Index was (1.02±0.51),(1.03±0.36) and (1.13±0.41) respectively.The total score of MSAS was (0.80±0.29),self-designed entry was (1.00±0.55).Conclusions Hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis suffer from an array of symptoms,common symptoms in patients with liver cirrhosis in hospital,the degree of symptom in frequency,severity and distress are differcnt.Patients' overall symptoms level is relatively low,but the degree of psychological dis-tress is higher.Medical staffs must strengthen the psychological nursing intervention for patients,using multi-dimensional instrument to do systematic assessment,making sure effective symptom management.
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In this research, X-ray photograph and kinescope were applied to observe the whole process of barium swallowing statically and dynamically before and after acupuncture treatment by the radiography of the upper alimentary tract (RART). The observation was made on the objective changes about the functional renovation of contractor muscle of pharynx and epiglottis muscle. Among 36 cases, function of speaking basically recovered in 3 cases, function of swallowing 16 cases,function of expectorating sputum 15 c ases, and for function of water drinking 13 cases. The total effective rate: 75.0% for function of speaking, 97.2% for function of swallowing, 75.0% for function of expectorating sputum, 97.2% for function of water drinking.
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Purpose To investigate the clinical effect of a combined treatment on anxiety neurosis. Method Eighty cases of anxiety neurosis were treated by acupuncture-moxibustion plus systematic desensitization.The result was compared with simple acupuncture-moxibustion or simple systematic desensitization. Results and conclusion The cure rate was 52.5% in acupuncturemoxibustion plus systematic desensitization, which was significantly different from that in simple acupuncturemoxibustion or in simple systematic desensitization ( P <0. 05).
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Objective To investigate the characteristics of the morphological changes of the lens and related structures of human eyes before and after accommodation by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Design Prospective case series. Participants Healthy volunteers. Methods Eleven eyes of 8 healthy volunteers were measured by MRI before and after accommodation. Main Outcome Measures Thickness and sectional area of lens,anterior chamber depth,axial length. Results The thickness and section area of lens,anterior chamber depth,axial length was 3.51?0.20 mm,22.89?1.82 mm2,3.54?0.27 mm,23.91?0.90 mm before accommodation,and 3.73? 0.34 mm,23.17?1.66 mm2,3.29?0.32 mm,23.82?1.07 mm after accommodation. The thickness of lens and anterior chamber depth were significantly higher difference after accommodation(t=3.563,P=0.007; t=4.804,P=0.001). Conclusion As a useful tool of biometric measurement,MRI showed the morphological characteristics of the lens and related structures of human eyes,in an accomodated enviroment,and thus might play an important role in related researches.