Oral health status of female hospitalized psychiatric patients in Jazan: A Case-control study / Estado de saúde bucal de pacientes psiquiátricas hospitalizadas em Jazan: Um Estudo de caso-controle

Objectives: Poor oral health is an important determinant of general health in patients with mental illnesses. The present study was conducted to evaluate the dental and periodontal status of hospitalized female psychiatric patients in Jazan city, Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods: This study included 82 subjects: 37 psychiatric female patients, and 45 age- and gender- matched healthy controls. Dental caries experience (decayed, missing, and filled teeth index ( DMFT ) and periodontal health status were recorded. SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis, and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean ages were comparable among the two groups. Psychiatric patients showed poor oral hygiene practices, with only 56.6% reported regularly brushing their teeth as compared with 82.2% of controls (P < 0.05). Control subjects had significantly higher DMFT mean scores than psychiatric female patients. However, psychiatric patients had significantly higher mean scores of missing teeth (M component) and lower restored teeth (F component) as compared with controls. Moreover, the mean attachment loss scores were significantly higher in the psychiatric group (0.76±1.58) compared with controls (0.23; 0.44 p < 0.01). Conclusion: Psychiatric patients showed poor oral hygiene practices and a high prevalence of untreated dental caries and periodontal diseases. Effective oral health promotion strategies need to be implemented to improve the oral health and oral health practices of this group of people. (AU)

Objetivo: A má saúde bucal é um importante determinante da saúde geral em pacientes com doenças mentais. O presente estudo foi realizado para avaliar o estado dentário e periodontal de pacientes psiquiátricos do sexo feminino hospitalizados na cidade de Jazan, Arábia Saudita. Material e Métodos: Este estudo incluiu 82 indivíduos: 37 pacientes psiquiátricas do sexo feminino e 45 controles saudáveis pareados por idade e gênero. A experiência de cárie dentária (índice de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados (CPOD) e o estado de saúde periodontal foram registrados. O progama SPSS versão 21 foi usado para a análise dos dados, e o valor de p <0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: As médias das idades foram comparáveis entre os dois grupos. Pacientes psiquiátricos mostraram práticas de higiene bucal precárias, sendo que apenas 56,6% relataram escovar os dentes regularmente, em comparação com 82,2% dos controles (P <0,05). Os indivíduos controle tiveram pontuações médias de CPOD significativamente mais altas do que as pacientes psiquiátricas. Os pacientes tiveram escores médios significativamente maiores de dentes perdidos (componente P) e dentes restaurados menores (componente O) em comparação com os controles. Além disso, os escores médios de perda de inserção foram significativamente maiores no grupo psiquiátrico (0,76 ± 1,58) em comparação com os controles (0,23 ± 0,44;p <0,01). Conclusão: Pacientes psiquiátricos apresentaram práticas inadequadas de higiene bucal e uma alta prevalência de cárie dentária e doença periodontal não tratada. Estratégias eficazes de promoção da saúde bucal precisam ser implementadas para melhorar a saúde bucal e as práticas de saúde bucal desse grupo de pessoas (AU)

Orofacial manifestations of COVID-19: a brief review of the published literature

Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread exponentially across the world. The typical manifestations of COVID-19 include fever, dry cough, headache and fatigue. However, atypical presentations of COVID-19 are being increasingly reported. Recently, a number of studies have recognized various mucocutaneous manifestations associated with COVID-19. This study sought to summarize the available literature and provide an overview of the potential orofacial manifestations of COVID-19. An online literature search in the PubMed and Scopus databases was conducted to retrieve the relevant studies published up to July 2020. Original studies published in English that reported orofacial manifestations in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included; this yielded 16 articles involving 25 COVID-19-positive patients. The results showed a marked heterogeneity in COVID-19-associated orofacial manifestations. The most common orofacial manifestations were ulcerative lesions, vesiculobullous/macular lesions, and acute sialadentitis of the parotid gland (parotitis). In four cases, oral manifestations were the first signs of COVID-19. In summary, COVID-19 may cause orofacial manifestations that might be the initial features in several cases. However, the occurrence of orofacial manifestations in COVID-19 seems to be underreported, mainly due to the lack of oral examination of patients with suspected and/or confirmed COVID-19. Oral examination of all suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases is crucial for better understanding and documenting COVID-19-associated orofacial manifestations.